Deck 16: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

The moratorium stage of identity development characterizes commitment to specific ideals or career choices.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Dating relationships tend to be casual and short-lived in early adolescence, whereas in late adolescence, relationships tend to become more stable and committed.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Erik Erikson believed that there were gender differences in the development of identity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Adolescent mothers are more likely to experience medical complications during the months of pregnancy and their labor is likely to be prolonged.

Question 5

In comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are:

A)unlikely to illustrate gender differences.
B)less likely to stress the importance of acceptance.
C)unlikely to be influenced by age.
D)more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

Question 6

In early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in identity diffusion or foreclosure statuses.

Question 7

_____ people have an erotic orientation only toward members of their own gender.

A)Transgender
B)Homosexual
C)Bisexual
D)Heterosexual

Question 8

It is possible that an individual's sex organs can develop in one direction while the biological factors that may underlie one's sexual orientation develop in another direction.

Question 9

Which of the following statuses is characteristic of younger adolescents and of older adolescents who drift through life or become alienated and rebellious?

A)Moratorium
B)Generativity
C)Identity diffusion
D)Ego integrity

Question 10

Friendship contributes to psychological adjustment in adolescents.

Question 11

Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 12

People's sexual orientation always corresponds to their sexual identity.

Question 13

The development of self-identity is less complicated for adolescents who belong to ethnic minority groups.

Question 14

Teens who initiate sexual activity earlier are more likely to use contraception.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense?

A)Amanda, a teenager, attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
B)Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.
C)Ted, a young adult, is sexually intimate with his friend Bob.
D)Alex, a 20-year-old, is often fined for over speeding.

Question 16

In comparison to adolescent girls, adolescent boys are:

A)more likely to share personal feelings with friends.
B)less likely to interact with those of similar status.
C)more likely to engage in organized group activities.
D)less likely to have large friendship networks.

Question 17

A strong sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents.

Question 18

According to Ritch Savin-Williams, _____.

A)the development of sexual orientation in gay males and lesbians involves several steps
B)human beings are genetically predisposed to have a homosexual orientation
C)human beings are genetically predisposed to have a bisexual orientation
D)gay males and lesbians feel more comfortable in disclosing their sexual orientations to their parents than to their friends

Question 19

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do:

A)are more likely to have adjustment issues.
B)are less likely to be self-reliant or independent.
C)are more likely to use birth control.
D)are more likely to have low self-esteem.

Question 20

During adolescence, boys tend to have one or two close friends, whereas girls tend to congregate in larger, less intimate groups.

Question 21

Ethan likes to sing and play the guitar and wants to pursue a career in country music. However, his parents advise him to take up a traditional career option. Finally, after considering other career options, he decides to pursue his passion. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Ethan is most likely in the _____ stage.

A)identity achievement
B)moratorium
C)identity diffusion
D)foreclosure

Question 22

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the moratorium status is associated with:

A)active exploration of alternatives.
B)submission to imposed duties.
C)commitment to identified priorities.
D)conformation to standards set by peers.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents?

A)Adolescents interact more with their mothers than their fathers.
B)Adolescents who are close to their parents tend to be less self-reliant.
C)Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.
D)Adolescents tend to have fewer conflicts with their mothers than with their fathers.

Question 24

In the _____ status, individuals make commitments without considering alternatives.

A)moratorium
B)foreclosure
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of masturbation?

A)It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently.
B)It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner.
C)It is widely practiced by women and not men.
D)It is an indication of a homosexual orientation.

Question 26

Identify a true statement about adolescents' relationship with their parents.

A)As adolescents grow older, parents are more likely to use punishment.
B)There is little evidence of a generation gap between parents and adolescents.
C)As adolescents grow older, parents are less likely to relax controls.
D)Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.

Question 27

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles.

A)the stage of identity diffusion
B)a psychological moratorium
C)the stage of foreclosure
D)ego transcendence

Question 28

According to James Marcia, which of the following is the least advanced status of psychological development associated with adolescence?

A)Moratorium
B)Foreclosure
C)Ego integrity
D)Identity diffusion

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

A)Marital rape
B)Underage drinking
C)Robbery
D)Kidnapping

Question 30

In the context of the development of identity in humans, which of the following is an assumption made by Erik Erikson?

A)Erik Erikson assumed that women were more likely than men to reject the minority culture for the dominant culture.
B)Erik Erikson assumed that a woman's relationships with her peers did not play a role in her identity development.
C)Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters.
D)Erik Erikson assumed that men, unlike women, were less concerned with ideological matters during adolescence.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of parental and peer influence during adolescence?

A)Parents and peers seem to exert influence on different domains.
B)Parental influence is lesser on girls than on boys.
C)Peer influence decreases drastically, whereas parent influence increases during adolescence.
D)Parents and peers are usually competing influences.

Question 32

Ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. She has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. In this scenario, Ava has a _____ orientation.

A)bisexual
B)heterosexual
C)transgender
D)homosexual

Question 33

Identify a true statement about friendships in adolescence.

A)Adolescents and their friends tend to have opposing views about drug use and sexual activity.
B)Friendships in adolescence are less likely to stress mutual understanding as compared to friendships of childhood.
C)Adolescents and their friends typically belong to the same age, race, and gender.
D)Friendships in adolescence are less likely to stress intimate self-disclosure as compared to friendships of childhood.

Question 34

Who among the following individuals is most likely a bisexual?

A)Monika, a woman who is not sexually aroused by men but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with her friend Jenna
B)Hannah, a young woman who has enjoyed sexual intimacy with several men in her life and is about to marry one of them
C)Kelly, a girl who is confused about her sexual identity and feels that she might be a man trapped in a woman's body
D)Lillian, a young woman who is sexually intimate with her boyfriend Justin as well as with her colleague Judy, an older female

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of sexual self-stimulation?

A)It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently.
B)It is the most common sexual outlet in adolescence.
C)It is widely practiced by women and not men.
D)It is an indication of a bisexual orientation.

Question 36

Identify a true statement about juvenile delinquency.

A)Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior.
B)Robbery is an example of a status offense.
C)Crimes committed by adolescents from minority groups are considered status offenses.
D)Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as running away.

Question 37

Tamara is about to graduate from high school. She is confused about options for college. She enjoys studying both languages and life sciences. She has taken an appointment with the high school career counselor to explore her options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Tamara is most likely in the _____ stage.

A)moratorium
B)foreclosure
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion

Question 38

Which of the following best describes a crowd?

A)A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group
B)A small group of individuals who hang around together and who share confidences
C)A group of people who are involved in different fields of work but who interact regularly
D)A group of people who come together as a result of shared ideologies or religious principles

Question 39

The stage in which an adolescent embarks on an ethnic identity search is similar to Marcia's__________.

A)identity diffusion
B)moratorium
C)foreclosure
D)identity achievement

Question 40

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses,__________involves active questioning and searching among alternatives to establish goals, values, or beliefs.

A)identity achievement
B)exploration
C)foreclosure
D)identity diffusion

Question 41

Alexis has always been keen on photography from a young age. As her parents and grandparents are doctors, they expect her to choose medicine as her career. However, she declares that she wants to be a travel photographer after considering the other career options available to her. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Alexis is most likely in the _____ stage.

A)moratorium
B)foreclosure
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion

Question 42

Identify a true statement about antisocial and criminal behaviors by adolescents.

A)Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency.
B)About eight in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 21.
C)About seven in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 18.
D)Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery.

Question 43

Amelia's teachers are of the opinion that she can become a successful lawyer and encourage her to achieve that goal. Inspired by their encouragement, she plans to study business law in college. However, she takes this decision without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, this scenario exemplifies the stage of:

A)moratorium.
B)identity diffusion.
C)foreclosure.
D)identity achievement.

Question 44

Unlike childhood peer groups, adolescent peer groups:

A)disregard the importance of shared activities.
B)are less likely to be influenced by a similarity in attitudes.
C)may include more members of the opposite gender.
D)are controlled by parents.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem?

A)High self-esteem is a characteristic of individuals who are depressed or suicidal.
B)Individuals who feel close to their parents tend to have low self-esteem and self-reliance.
C)Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13.
D)Individuals in the stage of identity diffusion are likely to have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent girls?

A)They are less likely than boys to expect loyalty and companionship from their friends.
B)They are more likely than boys to have a smaller, exclusive network of friends.
C)They are less likely than boys to disclose personal or intimate details to friends.
D)They are more likely than boys to engage in organized group activities.

Question 47

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____.

A)speech patterns
B)educational goals
C)moral values
D)religious beliefs

Question 48

Unlike boys, adolescent girls are less likely to stress the importance of__________while making friends.

A)loyalty
B)self-disclosure
C)companionship
D)status

Question 49

Which of the following individuals has a homosexual orientation?

A)Laura, a girl who has never been out on a date with the boy she likes
B)Alex, a boy who likes girls but is scared to ask one out
C)Barbara, a young female who has sexual relationships with both males and females
D)Michael, a young male who has been dating another male for three years

Question 50

In the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true?

A)Adolescents from authoritative homes have low self-esteem.
B)Adolescents whose parents use the authoritarian parenting style are the most competent.
C)Adolescents whose parents use the permissive parenting style are the most competent.
D)Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

Question 51

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as:

A)political views.
B)curfews.
C)economic status.
D)health problems.

Question 52

Which of the following best describes the term juvenile delinquency?

A)It refers to children or adolescents suffering from severe depression.
B)It refers to adolescents engaging in sexual activities.
C)It refers to children or adolescents engaging in illegal behavior or activities.
D)It refers to adolescents suffering from low self-esteem and self-reliance.

Question 53

Identify a true statement about adolescent suicides in the United States.

A)About seven in ten adolescents have attempted suicide at least once.
B)Since 1960, the suicide rate has decreased for young people aged 15 to 24.
C)About one to two U.S.adolescents in 10,000 commit suicide each year.
D)Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents?

A)During adolescence, parents are viewed as providing more support than same-gender friends.
B)Most adolescents feel that they are close to and get along with their parents.
C)Adolescents respond best to the authoritarian style of parenting.
D)Adolescents tend to develop an idealized view of their parents.

Question 55

Identify an example of a status offense.

A)Gloria, a teenager attempting to kill her friend
B)Gina, a primary school student running away from home
C)Teddy, a 30-year-old, exhibiting sexually promiscuous behavior
D)Alex, a 20-year-old often being fined for breaking traffic rules

Question 56

For offenses such as _____, adolescents are likely to be accused of being involved in illegal matters, while adults are unlikely to be held guilty.

A)marital rape
B)sexual promiscuity
C)robbery
D)kidnapping

Question 57

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses,__________is a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs.

A)commitment
B)diffusion
C)foreclosure
D)exploration

Question 58

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the stage of identity achievement is characterized by individuals who:

A)have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.
B)have made unsuitable career commitments without exploring any alternatives.
C)have no firm commitments.
D)are rebellious.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent suicide?

A)About seven in ten adolescents have attempted suicide at least once.
B)Adolescents who are highly achieving and rigid perfectionists never have suicidal tendencies.
C)Adolescent suicide attempts are more common after stressful life events.
D)Suicidal tendencies decrease from the age of 11 to 21.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true of juvenile delinquency?

A)Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery.
B)Similar patterns of delinquency are observed among teenagers belonging to different ethnic groups.
C)Crimes committed by adolescents from a stable economic background are considered status offenses.
D)Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy.

Question 61

Discuss the risk factors in suicide among adolescents.

Question 62

Teenagers who _____ are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age.

A)have close relationships with their parents
B)face trouble communicating with their parents
C)have sexually active peers
D)experience precocious puberty and have older friends

Question 63

Discuss dating and romantic relationships among adolescents.

Question 64

Which of the following is an example of juvenile delinquency?

A)Chris, a 15-year-old, committing homicide during a fight in the high school campus
B)Sebastian, a 12-year-old, running away from home after an argument with his parents
C)Kimberly, a 16-year-old, exploring her sexuality with multiple partners
D)Ariana, a 13-year-old with a homosexual orientation, falling in love with a girl in her class

Question 65

Describe the influence of ethnicity and gender on adolescent suicides.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true of the development of sexual identity?

A)Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times.
B)Individuals are genetically predisposed to have a bisexual orientation.
C)Adolescents are unlikely to be aware of their sexual orientation.
D)Sexual orientation of individuals is unlikely to be determined before their birth.

Question 67

Leo is a 14-year-old boy whose father is an ardent sports fan and wants Leo to become a sportsman. Leo is influenced by his father's opinion and decides to train and become a professional basketball player without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Leo's decision illustrates the _____.

A)moratorium
B)foreclosure
C)identity diffusion
D)identity achievement

Question 68

Describe friendships in adolescence.

Question 69

Peer pressure tends to be highest during__________.

A)early adolescence
B)late childhood
C)mid-adolescence
D)late adulthood

Question 70

Discuss masturbation among adolescents.

Question 71

The term__________refers to acts of sexual self-stimulation.

A)masturbation
B)sexting
C)fondling
D)oral sex

Question 72

Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents in the stage of identity diffusion?

A)They tend to be alienated and rebellious.
B)They tend to exhibit suicidal tendencies.
C)The have established personal goals.
D)They set high standards for themselves.

Question 73

How do parents and peers influence sexual activity during adolescence?

Question 74

List at least five warning signs of suicide among adolescents.

Question 75

According to researchers, what are the three stages in the development of ethnic identity?

Question 76

Identify a true statement about adolescents.

A)Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.
B)During adolescence, individuals may develop a less idealized view of their parents.
C)Unlike conflicts with mothers, conflicts with fathers are unlikely to affect adolescents.
D)Adolescents who feel close to their parents are likely to have low self-esteem.

Question 77

Describe peer groups during adolescence.

Question 78

Describe Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development.

Question 79

Who among the following is most likely a bisexual?

A)Matt, a man who is not sexually aroused by women but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with his male colleague, John
B)Dave, a commitment-phobic young man who has been sexually intimate with several women in his life
C)Jacob, a man who is confused about his sexual identity and feels that he might be a woman trapped in a man's body
D)James, a young man who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

Question 80

Which of the following statements best describes a clique?

A)A large group of people who are identified by the activities of the group
B)A group of people belonging to the same age group who are involved in illegal activities
C)A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests
D)A group of people who temporarily come together for a specific purpose, the completion of which ends their interaction