Deck 2: Overview of the Immune System

Question 1

Which item below is most resistant to phagocytosis?

A)Red blood cell coated with antibody
B)Unencapsulated Gram positive rod
C)Fungal spore
D)Encapsulated Gram negative coccus
E)Dead neutrophil

Answer 1

Encapsulated Gram negative coccus

Question 2

All of the following are functions of monocytes/macrophages except

A)lysis of host cells infected with virus.
B)antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.
C)cytokine secretion.
D)phagocytosis of debris.

Answer 2

lysis of host cells infected with virus.

Question 3

Neutrophils have receptors for which portion of the antibody molecule?

A)C5a
B)Fc (constant fragment)
C)Fab (antigen binding fragment)
D)Mannose- binding lectin (MBL)

Answer 3

Fc (constant fragment)

Question 4

Each of the following is one of the four basic characteristics of inflamed tissue except

A)pain.
B)heat.
C)swelling.
D)bruising.
E)redness.

Question 5

The granules in mature neutrophils contain all of the following except

A)transferrin.
B)alkaline phosphatase.
C)lysozyme.
D)gelatinase.
E)histamine.

Question 6

The process by which neutrophils leave blood vessels, squeezing between the endothelial cells to enter the tissues, is called

A)phagocytosis.
B)margination.
C)chemotaxis.
D)diapedesis.
E)opsonization.

Question 7

Each positive acute phase reactant below is paired correctly with its function except

A)alpha- 1- antitrypsin/neutralize elastase released by neutrophils.
B)complement/group of proteins that when activated can lyse target cells.
C)fibrinogen/activation of fibroblast cells.
D)haptoglobin/binds free hemoglobin and transports it to the liver.
E)C- reactive protein/opsonin and complement activation.

Question 8

What is the exact structure to which an antibody or T cell receptor will bind?

A)Allergen
B)Immunogen
C)Epitope
D)Hapten
E)Antigen

Question 9

Each chemical below is paired correctly with its antimicrobial effect except

A)interferon/activation of cellular immunity and inhibition of viral replication.
B)lactoferrin/binds complex carbohydrates (like lactose)so that organism can't utilize it.
C)fibronectin/when bound to bacterial cells walls, promotes phagocytosis.
D)transferrin/binds iron so that organisms can't utilize it.
E)lysozyme/degrades bacterial cell walls.

Question 10

Which cell(s)below is (are)capable of immunologic memory?

A)Monocyte/macrophage
B)T lymphocyte
C)Neutrophil
D)NK lymphocyte
E)All of the above

Question 11

How is increased tissue fluid in an inflamed site beneficial?

A)It brings nutrients to white blood cells in the area.
B)It dilutes toxins that are present.
C)It brings humoral immune system components such as complement and antibodies.
D)It brings coagulation proteins for fibrin formation and localization of the problem.
E)All of the above.

Question 12

Which cell type(s)below are associated with lysis of tumor cells?

A)Monocyte/macrophages
B)Neutrophils
C)Lymphokine activated killer (LAK)lymphocytes
D)Eosinophils
E)All of the above

Question 13

Which immunoglobulin subclass below resides exclusively on the surface of B cells and serves a regulatory function?

A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgM
D)IgD
E)IgE

Question 14

A clinical laboratory scientist observed a peripheral blood smear and noticed one to two pale blue inclusions in several neutrophils. Which of the following would be consistent with this observation?

A)C- reactive protein is increased.
B)Several neutrophils also have vacuoles.
C)Serum albumin and transferrin are decreased.
D)The total white blood cell count is high with an absolute neutrophilia.
E)All of the above.

Question 15

Which tissue(s)below is (are)considered primary lymphoid tissue? (Choose as many as apply.)

A)Thymus
B)Lymph nodes
C)Peyer's patches
D)Spleen
E)Bone marrow

Question 16

How does normal microbial flora on the human body prevent infection?

A)Its presence stimulates lysozyme secretions.
B)Its presence stimulates acute phase reaction proteins.
C)Its secretions maintain a low pH inhibitory to most pathogens.
D)Its presence reduces nutrients and space needed for pathogens to grow.
E)All of the above.

Question 17

When an antibody is bound to an antigen, which complement path(s)is (are)activated?

A)Mannose- binding lectin path
B)Alternate path
C)Classic path
D)All of the above

Question 18

All of the following are chemotactic compounds except

A)cytokines released by activated white cells at an inflammatory site.
B)cebris from damaged host cells.
C)complement C3b.
D)certain bacterial products.

Question 19

Natural killer lymphocytes may be distinguished from other lymphocytes because they

A)possess the CD56 and CD16 cell surface markers.
B)lack the CD3 cell surface marker.
C)are more likely to appear as larger lymphocytes with a few azurphilic granules.
D)lack immunoglobulin and specific antigen receptors.
E)All of the above.

Question 20

The digestive enzymes of phagocytic cells are contained in the

A)nucleus.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)ribosomes.
D)Golgi apparatus.
E)granules.

Question 21

Which of the following is characteristic of the primary immune response (first encounter with an antigen)as compared with the secondary immune response (later encounter with the same antigen)?

A)More antibodies are produced in the primary exposure than the secondary exposure.
B)More IgM antibodies are produced.
C)Faster.
D)All of the above.

Question 22

Specialized antigen- presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are the only cells to possess class II MHC antigens, while almost all of the remaining nucleated cells in the body possess class I MHC antigens.

Question 23

There are five basic steps of phagocytosis. List them and briefly describe them.

Question 24

T lymphocytes can react directly against foreign antigens they encounter. For example, if they encounter a bacterium, they will be stimulated to cytotoxic activity.

Question 25

The cytokine that activates macrophages, inhibits viral replication, and increases MHC Class I expression is interferon.

Question 26

Which of the following can function as antigen presenting cells?

A)Dendritic cells
B)B cells
C)Macrophages
D)All of the above

Question 27

The positive acute phase reactant responsible for binding and inactivating certain drugs is alpha- 1 acid glycoprotein.

Question 28

Which statement below is TRUE regarding B lymphocytes?

A)B cells are taught to discriminate "self" antigens from "non- self" antigens in the thymus.
B)B cell antibody response is generally very effective against viruses contained within host cells.
C)When mature B lymphocytes are released from the bone marrow, they begin secreting antibody.
D)B memory cells can live for years and reactivate quickly if they encounter the same antigen.
E)All of the above.

Question 29

Briefly describe positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus.

Question 30

Why do phagocytes dramatically increase metabolic rate and oxygen consumption when they begin phagocytosis?

Question 31

Microbes and/or their products (endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides)are the underlying cause of all inflammations.

Question 32

If a naive T cell does not encounter its corresponding antigen within a few days, what happens?

A)It expresses a new and different T cell antigen receptor.
B)It converts to a memory cell.
C)It converts to an effector cell.
D)It dies.

Question 33

Fibronectin, C- reactive protein, antibodies, and complement fragment C3b can all function as opsonins.

Question 34

How does a T cytotoxic lymphocyte recognize that a host cell is infected with a virus?

Question 35

The process by which certain substances function to attract leukocytes to an tissue where they're needed is called .

Question 36

Which molecules on the cell surfaces of transplanted tissue are most important to match to the recipient to immediately prevent the recipient's T cells from recognizing the transplanted tissue as foreign?

A)Major histocompatibility complex, Class I
B)Major histocompatibility complex, Class II
C)CD8
D)CD3
E)CD4

Question 37

When the immune system initiates an inflammatory response, this is always beneficial to resolving the injury or infection.

Question 38

Outline the basic steps in the gene rearrangement necessary to produce the T cell antigen receptor and state how this contributes to the ability of T cells to respond to various antigens.

Question 39

In an inflammatory reaction, increased vascular permeability causes escape of the fluid into the tissues resulting in .

Question 40

A mature T helper cell should possess CD2, CD3, and CD4.

Question 41

If a lymphocyte possesses the markers CD2, CD3, and CD8, it is probably a _.

Question 42

If complement is activated because mannose- binding lectin in the plasma attaches to specific carbohydrate structures on a microbe, this is called the _ pathway of complement activation.

Question 43

The two cell types that are capable of attacking host cells that are infected with virus are
and .