Deck 30: When Do People Help

Question 1

Which of the following is a situation in which the probability of a victim of an accident being helped by observers is the highest?

A)The victim is of a different race from the observers.
B)The observers are not hurried.
C)The victim and the observers are in a big city.
D)The observers have just observed an unhelpful model.

Answer 1

The observers are not hurried.

Question 2

According to the text,the _____ provides the classic illustration of pure altruism.

A)parable of the Prodigal Son
B)parable of the Good Samaritan
C)Kitty Genovese case
D)Sylvia Likens case

Answer 2

parable of the Good Samaritan

Question 3

You were walking down the street with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was crying.The boy said that he was lost,so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home.Sabrina's behavior reflects

A)the reciprocity norm.
B)egoism.
C)the social-exchange theory.
D)altruism.

Answer 3

altruism.

Question 4

Latané and Darley (1968)had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent.Students who were working _____ tended to notice the smoke in _____.

A)in groups; less than five seconds
B)alone; less than five seconds.
C)on a challenging task; about 20 seconds
D)on a rote task; less than five seconds

Question 5

According to the bystander effect,

A)we are more likely to help others when others are present.
B)we are less likely to help others when others are present.
C)we are unaffected by bystanders when help is needed.
D)a bystander is the person most likely to help.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why Sabrina stopped to open a door for a mother carrying her crying child in one arm and holding the hand of her elderly father with her other hand?

A)the reciprocity norm
B)the altruistic norm
C)the social-responsibility norm
D)the bystander norm

Question 7

Darley and Latané described a sequence of steps a bystander must take before intervening in an emergency.Which of the following is one of the specific steps?

A)noticing the incident
B)interpreting the incident as an emergency
C)assessing the victim's desire for help
D)assuming personal responsibility for intervening

Question 8

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk because of a heart attack.According to Darley and Latané,what is the first thing that must happen before you help in this emergency?

A)You must recognize the event as life-threatening.
B)You must assume responsibility for helping.
C)You must notice the stranger.
D)You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help.

Question 9

The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines

A)ostracism.
B)egoism.
C)narcissism.
D)altruism.

Question 10

You are asked to participate in a blood drive.While thinking about doing so,you weigh the costs (e.g.,being pricked by a needle)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about yourself)of doing so.This strategy can be explained by the

A)empathy-altruism hypothesis.
B)social-exchange theory.
C)social responsibility norm.
D)social comparison theory.

Question 11

In observing people's responses to staged emergencies,Darley and Latané (1970)found that _____ greatly decreased intervention.

A)social alienation
B)a lack of empathy
C)the presence of other bystanders
D)self-concern

Question 12

In the experimental studies on bystander nonintervention,researchers have

A)always first obtained the participant's informed consent.
B)been careful to debrief their laboratory participants.
C)subsequently found that most research participants believe the laboratory experiments have little,if any,value or application to everyday life.
D)been unable to replicate real-life situations.

Question 13

The bystander effect reflects the fact that

A)"two heads are better than one."
B)"birds of a feather flock together."
C)"there is safety in numbers."
D)"there is no safety in numbers."

Question 14

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle.According to research on the bystander effect,a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _____ others present.

A)no
B)two
C)four
D)ten

Question 15

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

A)the bystander effect.
B)pluralistic ignorance.
C)the self-interest effect.
D)the suppression of responsibility effect.

Question 16

Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese in terms of

A)situational influences.
B)personality traits.
C)mood factors.
D)selfish genes.

Question 17

When Sally missed her biology class,Joe loaned her his notes.According to _____,if Joe misses his biology class,Sally should share her notes.

A)the reciprocity norm
B)the status norm
C)the social-responsibility norm
D)the bystander norm

Question 18

The theory that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

A)the social-exchange theory.
B)the self-perception theory.
C)the social facilitation theory.
D)the cognitive dissonance theory.

Question 19

Before agreeing to volunteer at the local homeless shelter,Sharon weighs the costs (e.g.,getting up at dawn)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about herself)of doing so.This strategy is explained by the

A)empathy-altruism hypothesis.
B)social-exchange theory.
C)social responsibility norm.
D)social comparison theory.

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree?

A)noticing an incident
B)interpreting an incident as an emergency
C)weighing the costs and benefits of helping
D)assuming responsibility for intervening