Deck 10: Clinical Intuition Key

Question 1

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method,_____ were more likely to value intuition.

A)clinical psychologists
B)developmental psychologists
C)social psychologists
D)educational psychologists

Answer 1

clinical psychologists

Question 2

April is going out on a first date with Nikos.April's best friend tells her that Nikos is funny and fun-loving.During their date,April asks Nikos,"What is the most fun-loving thing you have ever done?" What is the likely effect of such questioning on Nikos?

A)He will act more fun-loving during the date than if not asked such questions.
B)He will act more reserved and shy than if not asked such questions.
C)He will resent such questions and become annoyed.
D)He will try to explain that there are times when he is not fun-loving.

Answer 2

He will act more fun-loving during the date than if not asked such questions.

Question 3

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the prediction is based on

A)statistics.
B)the judgments of trained admissions officers.
C)statistics plus the judgments of trained admissions officers.
D)letters of recommendation.

Answer 3

statistics.

Question 4

As part of a research study,David Rosenhan (1973)and seven of his associates with no prior record of schizophrenia complained of "hearing voices," were diagnosed with schizophrenia,and hospitalized.In order to "explain" their diagnosis,clinicians searched for early incidents in the life histories of these pseudopatients.In this example,the clinicians demonstrated

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)hindsight bias.
C)the attribution error.
D)memory conformity.

Question 5

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses.They found that

A)if students or clinicians expected a particular association,they perceived it,regardless of whether the data was supportive.
B)students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data.
C)professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships.
D)students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0 .75.

Question 6

When researchers pit statistical predictions such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

A)statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition.
B)expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition.
C)statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well.
D)both methods usually fare no better than chance.

Question 7

If psychotherapists look for traumas in early childhood experiences of patients in order to explain psychiatric problems,they are most likely to find them regardless of whether the patients are successful or unsuccessful in life.This is an example of

A)a self-confirming diagnosis.
B)an illusory correlation.
C)the attribution error.
D)depressive realism.

Question 8

According to Myers,to avoid being fooled by the hindsight bias,

A)you should guard against the tendency to ask questions that assume your preconceptions are correct.
B)you should beware of the tendency to see relationships you expect to see.
C)you should realize that it can lead you to feel overconfident.
D)you should beware of the tendency to see relationships that are supported by striking examples readily available in your memory.

Question 9

As an extension to his original experiment on hindsight bias,David Rosenhan (1973)told some staff members that in the next three months one or more pseudopatients would seek admission to the hospitals.After the three months,when the staff was asked to guess which of the 193 patients admitted during that time were really pseudopatients,

A)all 193 patients were believed to be pseudopatients.
B)41 were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients.
C)20 percent of the patients were believed to be pseudopatients.
D)50 percent of the patients were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients.

Question 10

Following the suicide of a friend or a family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified due to

A)illusory thinking.
B)the fundamental attribution error.
C)hindsight bias.
D)confirmation bias.

Question 11

Snyder and Swann (1984)gave University of Minnesota students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits and found that people often tested for a trait by

A)asking those being tested for a general self-evaluation.
B)looking for information that would contradict it.
C)looking for information that would confirm it.
D)asking very specific questions to disprove it.

Question 12

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests because of human susceptibility to

A)the inoculation effect.
B)learned helplessness.
C)the representativeness heuristic.
D)illusory correlations.