Question 1

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method,_____ were more likely to value intuition.

Accepted Answer

A) clinical psychologists 
B) developmental psychologists 
C) social psychologists 
D) educational psychologists 
A) clinical psychologists 
B) developmental psychologists 
C) social psychologists 
D) educational psychologists A

Question 2

When researchers pit statistical predictions such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Accepted Answer

A) statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition. 
B) expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition. 
C) statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well. 
D) both methods usually fare no better than chance. 
A) statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition. 
B) expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition. 
C) statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well. 
D) both methods usually fare no better than chance. A

Question 3

Following the suicide of a friend or a family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified due to

Accepted Answer

A) illusory thinking. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) hindsight bias. 
D) confirmation bias. 
A) illusory thinking. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) hindsight bias. 
D) confirmation bias. C

Question 4

As an extension to his original experiment on hindsight bias,David Rosenhan (1973)told some staff members that in the next three months one or more pseudopatients would seek admission to the hospitals.After the three months,when the staff was asked to guess which of the 193 patients admitted during that time were really pseudopatients,

Accepted Answer

A) all 193 patients were believed to be pseudopatients. 
B) 41 were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients. 
C) 20 percent of the patients were believed to be pseudopatients. 
D) 50 percent of the patients were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients. 
A) all 193 patients were believed to be pseudopatients. 
B) 41 were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients. 
C) 20 percent of the patients were believed to be pseudopatients. 
D) 50 percent of the patients were believed by at least one staff member to be pseudopatients.

Question 5

April is going out on a first date with Nikos.April's best friend tells her that Nikos is funny and fun-loving.During their date,April asks Nikos,"What is the most fun-loving thing you have ever done?" What is the likely effect of such questioning on Nikos?

Accepted Answer

A) He will act more fun-loving during the date than if not asked such questions. 
B) He will act more reserved and shy than if not asked such questions. 
C) He will resent such questions and become annoyed. 
D) He will try to explain that there are times when he is not fun-loving. 
A) He will act more fun-loving during the date than if not asked such questions. 
B) He will act more reserved and shy than if not asked such questions. 
C) He will resent such questions and become annoyed. 
D) He will try to explain that there are times when he is not fun-loving.

Question 6

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests because of human susceptibility to

Accepted Answer

A) the inoculation effect. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) illusory correlations. 
A) the inoculation effect. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) illusory correlations.

Question 7

According to Myers,to avoid being fooled by the hindsight bias,

Accepted Answer

A) you should guard against the tendency to ask questions that assume your preconceptions are correct. 
B) you should beware of the tendency to see relationships you expect to see. 
C) you should realize that it can lead you to feel overconfident. 
D) you should beware of the tendency to see relationships that are supported by striking examples readily available in your memory. 
A) you should guard against the tendency to ask questions that assume your preconceptions are correct. 
B) you should beware of the tendency to see relationships you expect to see. 
C) you should realize that it can lead you to feel overconfident. 
D) you should beware of the tendency to see relationships that are supported by striking examples readily available in your memory.

Question 8

If psychotherapists look for traumas in early childhood experiences of patients in order to explain psychiatric problems,they are most likely to find them regardless of whether the patients are successful or unsuccessful in life.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a self-confirming diagnosis. 
B) an illusory correlation. 
C) the attribution error. 
D) depressive realism. 
A) a self-confirming diagnosis. 
B) an illusory correlation. 
C) the attribution error. 
D) depressive realism.

Question 9

As part of a research study,David Rosenhan (1973)and seven of his associates with no prior record of schizophrenia complained of "hearing voices," were diagnosed with schizophrenia,and hospitalized.In order to "explain" their diagnosis,clinicians searched for early incidents in the life histories of these pseudopatients.In this example,the clinicians demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) the attribution error. 
D) memory conformity. 
A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) the attribution error. 
D) memory conformity.

Question 10

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses.They found that

Accepted Answer

A) if students or clinicians expected a particular association,they perceived it,regardless of whether the data was supportive. 
B) students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data. 
C) professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. 
D) students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0 .75. 
A) if students or clinicians expected a particular association,they perceived it,regardless of whether the data was supportive. 
B) students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data. 
C) professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. 
D) students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0 .75.

Question 11

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the prediction is based on

Accepted Answer

A) statistics. 
B) the judgments of trained admissions officers. 
C) statistics plus the judgments of trained admissions officers. 
D) letters of recommendation. 
A) statistics. 
B) the judgments of trained admissions officers. 
C) statistics plus the judgments of trained admissions officers. 
D) letters of recommendation.

Question 12

Snyder and Swann (1984)gave University of Minnesota students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits and found that people often tested for a trait by

Accepted Answer

A) asking those being tested for a general self-evaluation. 
B) looking for information that would contradict it. 
C) looking for information that would confirm it. 
D) asking very specific questions to disprove it. 
A) asking those being tested for a general self-evaluation. 
B) looking for information that would contradict it. 
C) looking for information that would confirm it. 
D) asking very specific questions to disprove it.

Exam 10: Clinical Intuition Key

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method,_____ were more likely to value intuition.

When researchers pit statistical predictions such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Following the suicide of a friend or a family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified due to

April is going out on a first date with Nikos.April's best friend tells her that Nikos is funny and fun-loving.During their date,April asks Nikos,"What is the most fun-loving thing you have ever done?" What is the likely effect of such questioning on Nikos?

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests because of human susceptibility to

According to Myers,to avoid being fooled by the hindsight bias,

If psychotherapists look for traumas in early childhood experiences of patients in order to explain psychiatric problems,they are most likely to find them regardless of whether the patients are successful or unsuccessful in life.This is an example of

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses.They found that

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the prediction is based on

Snyder and Swann (1984)gave University of Minnesota students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits and found that people often tested for a trait by

Doing Social Psychology

Did You Know It All Along

Self-Concept Who Am I

Self-Serving Bias

Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Powers and Perils of Intuition

Reasons for Unreason

Behavior and Belief

Clinical Therapy the Powers of Social Cognition

Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Gender,genes,and Culture

How Nice People Get Corrupted

Two Routes to Persuasion

Itrination and Inoculation

The Mere Presence of Others

Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

Power to the Person

The Reach of Prejudice

The Roots of Prejudice

The Nature and Nurture of Aggression

Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

Who Likes Whom

The Ups and Downs of Love

Causes of Conflict

Blessed Are the Peacemakers

When Do People Help

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

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