Deck 8: Cancer

Question 1

Early cancer, present only in the layer of cells where it originated, is classified as what stage?

A) 0
B) I
C) II
D) III

Answer 1

0

Question 2

Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are

A) nitrosamines.
B) free radicals.
C) anticarcinogens.
D) phytochemicals.

Answer 2

phytochemicals.

Question 3

Lung cancer is

A) caused only by cigarette smoking.
B) the most common cause of cancer death in Canada.
C) difficult to cure at any stage.
D) easily detectable in early stages.

Answer 3

the most common cause of cancer death in Canada.

Question 4

The Canadian Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age

A) 20.
B) 30.
C) 40.
D) 50.

Question 5

Diets high in which of the following foods are associated with increased risk of cancer?

A) citrus fruits
B) cruciferous vegetables
C) red meats
D) whole grains

Question 6

Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20, which means that

A) her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.
B) she can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned.
C) she is protected from the full range of ultraviolet radiation.
D) she can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she did not use it.

Question 7

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer. To lower his personal risk of the disease, he should consider doing all of the following, EXCEPT

A) being physically active.
B) increasing his intake of red meat.
C) using aspirin and ibuprofen regularly.
D) increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.

Question 8

The use of chemotherapy before surgery to shrink a cancerous tumour and prevent metastasis is called:

A) induction chemotherapy.
B) preventive chemotherapy.
C) pre-surgery chemotherapy.
D) deductive chemotherapy.

Question 9

The most common treatment for skin cancer is

A) immunotherapy.
B) radiation therapy.
C) chemotherapy.
D) surgical removal.

Question 10

Those most at risk of developing skin cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) people with naturally dark skin.
B) people who use tanning lamps.
C) people with a family history of skin cancer.
D) fair-skinned people.

Question 11

Monoterpenes have which of the following potential anticancer effects?

A) Neutralize effect of nitrosamines.
B) Block effects of estrogen on cell growth.
C) Help detoxify carcinogens.
D) Bind iron reducing free radicals.

Question 12

Which one of the following is a good source of phytochemicals?

A) halibut
B) nonfat milk
C) broccoli
D) lean portion of beef

Question 13

All of the following groups are at increased risk of testicular cancer, EXCEPT

A) white males.
B) men whose mothers took DES during pregnancy.
C) circumcised males.
D) men with undescended testicles.

Question 14

Major sites of sarcomas include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) cartilage.
B) bone.
C) skin.
D) muscle.

Question 15

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

A) squamous cell carcinoma.
B) basal cell carcinoma.
C) actinic keratosis.
D) melanoma.

Question 16

A mammogram is used to test for which type of cancer?

A) rectal
B) breast
C) colon
D) prostate

Question 17

Phytic acid is found in which of the following foods:

A) shallots.
B) chives.
C) apples.
D) whole grains.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for breast cancer?

A) alcohol use
B) obesity
C) early onset of menstruation
D) early motherhood

Question 19

One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is

A) lymphoma.
B) leukemia.
C) colon cancer.
D) cervical cancer.

Question 20

Death rates from lung cancer are

A) increasing among women.
B) highest in younger age groups.
C) low compared to other cancers.
D) rapidly declining in men.

Question 21

Leukemia is cancer of the

A) gastrointestinal tract.
B) lymph nodes.
C) blood-forming cells.
D) urinary tract.

Question 22

The most common form of cancer is

A) melanoma.
B) sarcoma.
C) lymphoma.
D) carcinoma.

Question 23

Allyl sulphides have which of the following potential anticancer effects?

A) Act as an antioxidant.
B) Bind iron reducing free radicals.
C) Neutralize effect of nitrosamines.
D) Increase levels of enzymes that break down potential carcinogens.

Question 24

Smoking is responsible for about of ALL cancer deaths.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

A) invades surrounding tissue
B) appears at the site of a preexisting mole
C) occurs most commonly on the face
D) bleeds easily

Question 26

It is recommended that girls get an HPV/cervical cancer vaccine at what age?

A) 9
B) 12
C) 10
D) 16

Question 27

General environmental pollution such as substances in our air and water are responsible for approximately percent of cancer deaths.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1

Question 28

Allyl sulphides are found in which of the following foods:

A) red wine.
B) peanuts.
C) shallots.
D) berries.

Question 29

Hepatitis viruses B and C together cause as many as percent of the world's liver cancers.

A) 50
B) 60
C) 30
D) 80

Question 30

Which one of the following best describes leukemia?

A) benign disorder of glucose metabolism
B) nonmelanoma skin cancer
C) benign disease of the lymph system
D) malignant disease of the white blood cells

Question 31

The most common form of cancer in women is cancer; the most common cause of cancer death in women is _.

A) cervical; colon and rectal
B) melanoma; ovarian
C) breast; lung
D) lung; breast

Question 32

A tumour that is NOT cancerous is called

A) benign.
B) metastatic.
C) malignant.
D) melanoma.

Question 33

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A) Cancer has the ability to metastasize.
B) Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C) Cancer is a group of diseases.
D) Cancer may take the form of a tumour.

Question 34

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer?

A) 72%
B) 85%
C) 55%
D) 100%

Question 35

Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have been treated for skin cancer. This coming weekend, Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-mountain lake; she expects there will be a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she wants to avoid getting a sunburn or any sun damage. Jen should do all of the following before leaving for the hike, EXCEPT

A) visit a tanning salon to get a light tan to protect her skin.
B) consult the forecast for UV index to help determine how sunny it will be.
C) buy or borrow a broad-brimmed hat.
D) pack a full bottle of sunscreen in her backpack.

Question 36

Men over what age should be tested for prostate cancer?

A) 60
B) 50
C) 30
D) 40

Question 37

A characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is one with a

A) diameter smaller than 5 mm.
B) smooth border.
C) solid brown colour.
D) asymmetrical shape.

Question 38

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A) They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B) They raise LDL cholesterol.
C) They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
D) They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 39

Estrogen is an example of a

A) mutagen.
B) cancer promoter.
C) cancer initiator.
D) carcinogen.

Question 40

The acronym "CAUTION" is a good way to remember

A) the seven major warning signs of cancer.
B) the seven most common types of cancer.
C) the seven major categories of cancer.
D) the seven carcinogens to avoid.

Question 41

Which of the following factors contributes to about 25% of all cancer deaths?

A) alcohol use
B) family history
C) radiation
D) tobacco use

Question 42

Phytic acid has which of the following potential anticancer effects?

A) Acts as an antioxidant.
B) Neutralizes effect of nitrosamines.
C) Blocks effects of estrogen on cell growth.
D) Binds iron reducing free radicals.

Question 43

After what age should a stool blood test be a standard annual screening test?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is FALSE?

A) It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
B) It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.
C) It is best performed following a bath or shower.
D) It should be done monthly.

Question 45

Monoterpenes are found in which of the following foods:

A) citrus fruit.
B) cauliflower.
C) legumes.
D) garlic.

Question 46

A diet high in is linked to increased risk of colon, stomach, and prostate cancers.

A) fibre
B) carotenoids
C) nitrosamines
D) fat and meat

Question 47

Obesity increases a person's risk of

A) colon and skin cancers.
B) lung and brain cancers.
C) oral and brain cancers.
D) breast and colon cancers.

Question 48

Which of the following poses the greatest threat for the development of lung cancer among nonsmokers?

A) high-fat diet
B) sun exposure
C) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
D) inactivity

Question 49

All of the following are true about prostate cancer, EXCEPT

A) is associated with lack of fruit and vegetable consumption.
B) is influenced by diet and lifestyle.
C) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
D) is the most common cancer in males.

Question 50

Which of the following cancers is significantly more prevalent outside Canada?

A) kidney cancer
B) bladder cancer
C) pancreatic cancer
D) stomach cancer

Question 51

Ovarian cancers

A) decrease in incidence with age.
B) are detectable with Pap tests.
C) are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
D) are usually found at an early stage.

Question 52

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A) spread rapidly.
B) are rare forms of skin cancer.
C) may be pearly nodules or red and scaly patches.
D) are usually painful.

Question 53

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A) strep throat.
B) hepatitis.
C) HPV.
D) pneumonia.

Question 54

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A) she had her first child before age 30.
B) she is obese.
C) her diet is low in monounsaturated fat.
D) her diet is high in vegetables.

Question 55

Capsaicin is found in which of the following foods:

A) broccoli.
B) citrus fruit.
C) chili peppers.
D) grapes.

Question 56

Major sites of carcinomas include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) breast.
B) bone.
C) skin.
D) uterus.

Question 57

The 'C' in the acronym CAUTION (indicating the major warning signs of cancer) stands for:

A) Change in wart or mole.
B) Change in sore.
C) Change in colour.
D) Change in bowel or bladder habits.

Question 58

Heavy users of alcohol and tobacco have a risk of oral cancer up to _____________ times as great as that of people who don't drink or smoke.

A) 10
B) 2
C) 15
D) 5

Question 59

A technique that detects lung cancer earlier than X-rays do is

A) cell analysis.
B) spiral CT scans.
C) MRI.
D) blood test.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about ultraviolet radiation is TRUE?

A) Swimming is a good choice of outdoor activity because ultraviolet rays cannot penetrate water.
B) Sand reflects ultraviolet radiation, so beach-goers need to wear sunscreen even if they sit under a beach umbrella.
C) You do not need to wear sunscreen when outdoors at high elevations because the atmosphere at high altitude filters out most ultraviolet radiation.
D) It's best to avoid outdoor activity in the late afternoon because the sun's rays are most intense after 3 p.m.

Question 61

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes, part of the body's

A) blood-forming cells.
B) connective and fibrous tissues.
C) infection-fighting system.
D) gastrointestinal tract.

Question 62

The 'U' in the acronym CAUTION (indicating the major warning signs of cancer) stands for:

A) Upset stomach.
B) Unusual thirst.
C) Unusual cough.
D) Unusual bleeding or discharge.

Question 63

When a malignant tumour spreads to sites distant from the primary tumour, the process is known as

A) dysplasia.
B) metastasis.
C) hyperplasia.
D) malignancy.

Question 64

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A) a Pap test.
B) cryotherapy.
C) an endometrial smear.
D) curetting.

Question 65

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A) ultrasound.
B) a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.
C) a CT scan.
D) surgery.

Question 66

In some cases, cervical dysplasia develops into

A) cervical cancer.
B) chlamydia infection.
C) vaginal clear cell cancer.
D) HPV infection.

Question 67

When there are no symptoms or other evidence of previously diagnosed disease, a cancer patient is said to

A) be in remission.
B) be in an immune state.
C) have a benign tumour.
D) have metastasis.

Question 68

Which province has the greatest number of cancer deaths annually in Canada?

A) Alberta
B) Ontario
C) British Columbia
D) Quebec

Question 69

Phytoestrogens are found in which of the following foods:

A) nuts.
B) limes.
C) cherries.
D) red wine.

Question 70

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle are called

A) carcinomas.
B) sarcomas.
C) leukemias.
D) lymphomas.

Question 71

When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,

A) the probability of cure increases.
B) they are known as benign tumours.
C) it is easy to stop their spread to other organs.
D) they can form secondary tumours elsewhere.

Question 72

Resveratrol has which of the following potential anticancer effects?

A) Blocks effects of estrogen on cell growth.
B) Acts as an antioxidant.
C) Neutralizes effect of nitrosamines.
D) Binds iron reducing free radicals.

Question 73

Polyphenols are found in which of the following foods:

A) leeks.
B) black tea.
C) onions.
D) kale.

Question 74

Advanced cancer that has spread to another organ is classified as what stage?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 75

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
B) avoiding sunburns.
C) avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
D) using sunscreens and protective clothing.

Question 76

Sarcomas arise from

A) epithelial layers.
B) connective and fibrous tissue.
C) lymph nodes.
D) blood-forming cells.

Question 77

Risk factors for breast cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) hormonal factors.
B) previous injury to the breast.
C) diet.
D) genetic factors.

Question 78

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation

A) does not damage the skin.
B) is the main type of radiation emitted from tanning beds.
C) can cause immediate sunburns.
D) is not linked to skin cancer.

Question 79

Fifteen percent of the world's cancers are caused by

A) diabetes.
B) inactivity.
C) microbes.
D) asbestos.

Question 80

A malignant tumour is different from a benign tumour in that a malignant tumour is

A) enclosed in a membrane.
B) less of a threat to the patient.
C) dangerous only if its physical presence interferes with bodily functions.
D) capable of invading surrounding structures.