The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450-1600 Flashcards

Question

What was the major trade commodity of the trans-Saharan trade route?

A) Wood
B) Gold
C) Ivory
D) Iron

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Question

According to Map 16.3, "Seaborne Trading Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," inspection of Spanish and Portuguese trade routes reveals which of the following?

A) The majority of Spanish and Portuguese trade routes ran through Mesoamerica.
B) Spanish and Portuguese trade across the Atlantic Ocean relied heavily upon manufactured goods.
C) Trade in sugar and slaves was closely interconnected for both the Spanish and Portuguese.
D) The ports of northern Europe were an important part of both Spanish and Portuguese trade.

Question

Why did women in Southeast Asia tend to have more economic power than women in India, China, and Europe?

A) They were frequently appointed as political leaders.
B) They often managed sugar plantations.
C) They usually managed the pepper harvest.
D) They took the primary role in planting and harvesting rice.

Question

What was one of the most important trade goods that came out of India?

A) Pepper
B) Tea
C) Palm oil
D) Cowrie shells

Question

By the mid-sixteenth century, what empire had established control over eastern Mediterranean routes to trading centers in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa?

A) Safavid
B) Spain
C) Mali
D) Ottoman

Question

Which of the following was one of many important factors in encouraging the expeditions of the late fifteenth century?

A) The lack of natural resources in Europe and the need to find alternative sources
B) Competition among European monarchs
C) An economic crisis in Europe
D) Religious disillusionment and frustration with the church

Question

What was the most significant error of Ptolemy's Geography?

A) His work left out the continent of Asia.
B) His maps had latitude but no longitude marks.
C) He was unaware of the Americas and underestimated the earth's size.
D) He pictured the earth as flat.

Question

Bride wealth-the money exchanged at the time of marriage in Southeast Asia-was usually given to whom?

A) The bride
B) The couple
C) The bride's father
D) The groom

Question

Even before the discoveries of Columbus, Europeans participated in the world economy through which merchants?

A) French
B) German
C) English
D) Italian

Question

By 1500, Portugal controlled the flow of what lucrative product to Europe?

A) Indian sugar and spices
B) Persian silk
C) Brazilian silver
D) African gold

Question

Where did Italian merchants originally purchase slaves?

A) The Persian Gulf
B) The Balkans
C) The Nile Valley
D) The Strait of Gibraltar

Question

Who was the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope?

A) Prince Henry
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Bartholomew Diaz

Question

What is an astrolabe?

A) It was a device used to plot latitude using the sun.
B) It was an implement used to locate the earth's position.
C) It was a tool meant to plot longitude and was invented by Muslims.
D) It was a navigational instrument rejected by Europeans as a pagan device.

Question

How far west did Zheng He explore in the fifteenth century?

A) Portugal
B) Rome
C) Egypt
D) England

Question

Which European kingdom took the lead in overseas exploration?

A) Italy
B) Spain
C) France
D) Portugal

Question

What event occurred in the Byzantine Empire in the late fifteenth century that limited Europe's access to spices from the East?

A) The Safavid emperor ordered a full-scale invasion of the remaining Byzantine territories.
B) Mongolian soldiers raided the Byzantine capital, killing the emperor.
C) Venetian merchants took control of the Byzantine portion of the Silk Road.
D) Ottoman armies conquered Constantinople and took control of trade routes to the East.

Question

What evidence is there in this illustration of European influence on the Inca?

A) The Europeans introduced cattle to the New World.
B) The women in this painting are wearing European-style clothing.
C) The painting itself is representative of Renaissance-era art.
D) The women are wearing European-inspired hairstyles.

Question

The beginning of European exploration and expansion was marked by Portugal's 1415 conquest of what city?

A) Ceuta
B) Cairo
C) Casablanca
D) Tangiers

Question

Who had the most advanced economy in the world before the eighteenth century?

A) Persia
B) China
C) Italy
D) Indonesia

Question

What is Prince Henry of Portugal known for?

A) His role in subduing the Dutch revolt
B) His significant support of early voyages of exploration
C) His support of Protestants from France in the Thirty Years' War
D) His opposition to the enslavement of any peoples

Question

What did Cortés do upon reaching the city of Tenochtitlan?

A) He demanded the Mexica pay him tribute.
B) He proclaimed himself a god.
C) He took Moctezuma hostage.
D) He claimed the city for Spain.

Question

When Columbus landed on Cuba on October 28, 1492, where did he think he had landed?

A) Japan
B) Malaysia
C) China
D) India

Question

According to Map 16.1, "The Fifteenth-Century Afroeurasian Trading World," what evidence exists to suggest that Zheng He intended to impose Ming dominance over trade?

A) His route covered an enormous distance.
B) His route mimicked those of predominant Indian Ocean trade routes.
C) His route showed he sought to trade in a wide variety of goods.
D) His route showed he was careful to avoid contact with such maritime powers as the Portuguese.

Question

What happened when the Inca leader Atahualpa first met the Spanish?

A) He lured them into a trap and seized many of their men and horses.
B) He was seized and ultimately executed.
C) He offered them chests of jewels as a peace offering.
D) He and his unarmed followers were taken captive.

Question

Who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire?

A) Francisco Pizarro
B) Hernán Cortés
C) Christopher Columbus
D) King Charles III

Question

With which group did Hernán Cortés establish an alliance?

A) The Aztecs
B) The Tlaxcala
C) The Taino
D) The Inca

Question

Who was the first European explorer to realize that Columbus had discovered an unknown continent?

A) Bartholomew Diaz
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Pedro Álvares Cabral
D) Amerigo Vespucci

Question

What was Ferdinand Magellan sent on a mission to discover in 1519?

A) A direct sea route to Asia
B) The source of the Nile
C) A direct sea route to the west coast of North America
D) The source of Indian wealth

Question

What happened when Christopher Columbus returned to the island of Hispaniola for a second time?

A) He imported large numbers of African slaves to work on new sugar plantations.
B) He forcibly enslaved the indigenous people and subjected them to forced labor.
C) He offered the local people self-government.
D) He immediately discovered riches for Spain.

Question

Which of the following is an estimate of the native population of the Americas in 1492?

A) 250 million
B) 100 million
C) 75 million
D) 50 million

Question

Spanish viceroys presided over what judicial advisory council?

A) Quinto
B) Hacienda
C) Encomienda
D) Audiencia

Question

Scholars have identified the natives first encountered by Columbus as peoples from what indigenous group?

A) Taino
B) Olmec
C) Mexica
D) Tlaxcalas

Question

Where did Columbus first land in the Americas?

A) The Bahamas
B) Florida
C) Cuba
D) Mexico

Question

After his initial voyage to the Americas in 1492, how did Columbus describe the natives he met?

A) As brutal savages
B) As primitive and warlike
C) As incapable of becoming Christian
D) As handsome, peaceful, and primitive

Question

The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan was aided by what disease?

A) Syphilis
B) Measles
C) Bubonic plague
D) Smallpox

Question

Who settled the dispute over Spain and Portugal's competing claims to the Americas?

A) King Ferdinand of Spain
B) The Holy Roman emperor
C) Pedro Álvares Cabral
D) Pope Alexander VI

Question

What was a central feature of Christopher Columbus's character?

A) He held intense nationalist beliefs.
B) He was known for his deep religious conviction.
C) Rapacious greed is said to have been one of his driving forces.
D) He had a Renaissance curiosity that came from a humanist education.

Question

What commodity from the Americas did the French find most profitable?

A) Slaves
B) Silver
C) Furs
D) Iron ore

Question

By the end of his life, how did Columbus view his voyages?

A) He realized he had discovered a new but insignificant continent.
B) He assumed he had changed the world by discovering new lands.
C) He continued to believe he had discovered islands off the coast of Asia.
D) He believed that he had found the mythical civilization of Atlantis.

Question

The Spanish crown granted a monopoly of New World traffic to what city?

A) Madrid
B) Seville
C) Lisbon
D) Cordoba

Question

What was the most significant food item introduced from Europe to the New World?

A) Wheat
B) Meat
C) Sugar
D) Olive oil

Question

Compare the European conquests of the Mexica and Inca Empires.

Question

In the sixteenth century, there was a huge increase in the use of enslaved Africans in Brazil in order to produce what crop?

A) Sugar
B) Rum
C) Cotton
D) Tobacco

Question

What factors led Portugal to take the initial lead in the European entry into global trade?

Question

What did the encomienda system, established by the Spanish crown, allow Spaniards to do?

A) Exact tribute and forced labor from the native people on a particular piece of land
B) Try to convert the indigenous people in a particular area
C) Trade in particular American ports
D) Invest in Spanish enterprises in the Americas without having to pay taxes

Question

Explain Europeans' shift from the traffic of Slavic and Turkish slaves to that of sub-Saharan Africans.

Question

What killed most of the African slaves who died on the voyage to the Americas?

A) Smallpox
B) Dysentery
C) Typhus
D) Cholera

Question

What made Christopher Columbus convinced he had reached Asia? What does this say about his goals?

Question

Compare and contrast the popular attitudes, behaviors, and practices regarding women in Southeast Asia with those in Europe, India, and China in the fifteenth through seventeenth centuries.

Question

What was the most important food item introduced from the New World to Europe?

A) Squash
B) Tomatoes
C) White potatoes
D) Peppers

Question

What products were transported on the Indian Ocean from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, and who was involved in the trade?

Question

Based on Map 16.3, "Seaborne Trading Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," who was most heavily involved in overland trading in the Middle East during the period illustrated?

A) Arabs
B) Dutch
C) Chinese
D) British

Question

Explain how the Spanish organized and ruled their new colonial holdings in the Americas.

Question

The assembly called by Charles V in Valladolid, Spain, in 1550 debated what issue?

A) The role of women in society
B) The exploitation of the native population of the Americas
C) The Catholic Counter-Reformation
D) Relations with the Muslim Ottoman Empire

Question

How were African slavery and sugar connected to the New World colonies of Spain and Portugal?

Question

What are some of the technical developments that facilitated the voyages of exploration of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question

Which of the following statements best describes slavery and race in the seventeenth century?

A) Slavery created ideas of racial inequality directed toward Africans.
B) Slavery did not change Europeans' negative perceptions of Africans.
C) Notions of race had little impact on the expansion of slavery.
D) Slavery changed Africans' ability to reason and learn.

Question

According to Map 16.3, "Seaborne Trading Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," which of the following did not engage in seaborne trade beyond the Indian Ocean?

A) The Portuguese
B) The Dutch
C) The Arabs
D) The Chinese

Question

What did the Spanish discover at Potosí in the sixteenth century?

A) Large veins of gold
B) Silver, in large quantities
C) Silkworms
D) Several mines with a plentiful supply of iron ore

Question

How did the Dutch create a trade empire in the seventeenth century?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Aztec Empire

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Columbian exchange

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

What factors facilitated the expansion of European society from 1450 to 1650? What was the motivation, both for the individual European explorers and the states that supported them?

Question

Explain how the most important element in the Columbian exchange was the trade in biological material.

Question

What were the long-term repercussions for Spain and the Americas of Magellan's voyages in 1519 and 1522?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
bride wealth

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Black Legend

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
caravel

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
captaincies

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Inca Empire

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
conquistador

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

What was the impact of European expansion on the indigenous peoples of the Americas, European society, and the new American civilization?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Treaty of Tordesillas

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Ptolemy's Geography

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

How did the discovery and settlement of the New World contribute to the development of the ideas of race and cultural superiority?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
viceroyalties

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
encomienda system

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Valladolid debate

A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

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Deck 16: The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450-1600