Deck 19: Organizing Information About Species

Question 1

Body appendages as diverse as crab legs, beetle legs, sea star arms, butterfly wings, fish fins, and mouse feet start out as

A)clusters of cells in the limb buds.
B)cerebral cells.
C)cardiac cells.
D)offshoots of the sperm cell.
E)offshoots of the egg.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same

A)reproductive isolation of these groups.
B)environmental pressures.
C)reduced genetic variability in these groups.
D)identical genes in all three groups.
E)factor as all of these.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following statements about master genes are true EXCEPT:

A)They orchestrate layers of development.
B)They are highly conserved over evolutionary time.
C)Mutations within these are frequently devastating.
D)They are frequently used as targets of gene therapy.
E)Mutations usually result in changes in body plan.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__________ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

A)Embryology
B)Molecular archeology
C)Evolution
D)Comparative morphology
E)Composition

Question 5

Which of the following are considered more primitive based upon the structure of their limbs?

A)bats
B)reptiles
C)porpoises
D)penguins
E)birds

Question 6

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles became modified into a limb __________ in vertebrates that followed.

A)suitable for high-speed running
B)suitable for digging
C)suitable for swimming
D)with four fingers and an opposable thumb
E)with all of these

Question 7

Kauai, the first of the big islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago, rose from the sea more than _________ years ago.

A)5 billion
B)1 billion
C)5 million
D)1 million
E)400,000

Question 8

The eighteenth century naturalist __________ devised a much simpler naming system that we still use.

A)Carolus Linnaeus
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Robert Koch
D)Rosa canina
E)all of these

Question 9

Which of the following serve as examples of morphological convergence?

A)sharks, penguins, and porpoises
B)panthers and tigers
C)apes and monkeys
D)sharks, skates, and rays
E)mice, rats, and gerbils

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive?

A)kingdom >>> phylum >>> order >>> class >>> family >>> genus >>> species
B)kingdom >>> phylum >>> class >>> order >>> family >>> genus >>> species
C)kingdom >>> phylum >>> family >>> order >>> class >>> genus >>> species
D)kingdom >>> phylum >>> class >>> order >>> genus >>> family >>> species
E)kingdom >>> phylum >>> order >>> family >>> class >>> genus >>> species

Question 11

The bones in the forelimbs of a mammal

A)can often be traced to a common ancestor.
B)offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution.
C)perform the same function no matter which species they are in.
D)may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb of another animal.
E)show convergence with some invertebrate structures.

Question 12

The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins, and porpoises is attributed to

A)reduced genetic variability in these groups.
B)selection pressures that are common to these groups.
C)reproductive isolation of these groups.
D)identical genes in all three groups.
E)use and disuse of the limbs.

Question 13

The Dlx gene encodes a transcription factor that signals clusters of embryonic cells to __________ and give rise to an appendage.

A)fold into the cardiac muscle
B)"stick out from the body"
C)form reproductive structures
D)induce apoptosis in cells lining the appendages
E)develop into the immune system

Question 14

A mutation in the Apetala1 gene, in Brassica oleracea plants (wild cabbage) results in mutated flowers that

A)have multiple female parts.
B)have multiple male parts.
C)have leaves instead of petals.
D)have enormous size.
E)burrow into the ground like peanuts.

Question 15

The reason that the various Hawaiian honeycreepers are vulnerable to extinction is

A)the reduction of their habitats.
B)the warming of their habitats, supporting mosquitos that carry the pathogens for avian malaria
C)the encroachment of humans into their habitats.
D)the importation of new predators and competitors into their habitats.
E)all of these answers.

Question 16

The traditional evolutionary diagrams are in the form of

A)interlocking circles.
B)a wheel and spokes.
C)a set of parallel lines.
D)a tree.
E)segmented bars.

Question 17

Phylogenetic systems of classification attempt to reflect __________ relationships among species.

A)structural
B)morphological
C)evolutionary
D)biochemical
E)genetic

Question 18

__________ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

A)Embryology
B)Molecular archeology
C)Evolution
D)Comparative morphology
E)Composition

Question 19

The study of comparative embryology reveals the conservative nature of the genes responsible for

A)food procurement.
B)reproductive behavior.
C)embryonic development.
D)size.
E)intelligence.

Question 20

The pioneer finches that colonized the island of Kauai thrived on __________ of the native plants.

A)the leaves
B)the nectar
C)the seeds
D)the fruits
E)all of these parts

Question 21

The Dlx/Hox gene control system operates across many phyla, which is strong evidence that it evolved a very long time ago.Which of the following is true concerning this relationship?

A)Hox activates Dlx.
B)Dlx came first due to multilimbed animals in the fossil record.
C)Hox came first due to legless animals in the fossil record.
D)It randomly affects the number of limbs within insects.
E)None of these are true.

Question 22

Which of the following pairs indicates the closest macroevolutionary link among the bacteria according to the evolutionary history tree in the text?

A)green sulfur; spirochetes
B)chlamydias; cyanobacteria
C)green sulfur; green nonsulfur
D)spirochetes; proteobacteria
E)proteobacteria; cyanobacteria

Question 23

The master gene Hox helps to sculpt the body plan of embryos by

A)inhibiting the Dlx gene to prevent extra limbs.
B)timing the activation of Dlx genes.
C)causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene.
D)converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion.
E)inducing mutations in plants.

Question 24

Which of the following pairs indicates the closest macroevolutionary link among the animals according to the evolutionary history tree in the text?

A)turtles; crocodiles
B)lizards; amphibians
C)mammals; birds
D)bony fishes; lung fish
E)crocodiles; birds

Question 25

Which of the following statements are true statements regarding the use of DNA in evolutionary comparisons?

A)Lineages have a mixture of ancestral and novel characters.
B)Mutations inevitably change those sequences being studied over time.
C)30% of yeast genes have counterparts in the human genome.
D)Most mutations are neutral.
E)All of these are true.

Question 26

Which of the following pairs indicates the closest macroevolutionary link among the fungi according to the evolutionary history tree in the text?

A)lycophytes; ferns
B)chytrids; zygomycetes
C)sac fungi; club fungi
D)zygomycetes; club fungi
E)zygomycetes; microsporidians

Question 27

Some genes encoding proteins that are essential to the survival of the organism are called highly conserved sequences.Which of the following is an example of one of these proteins?

A)cytochrome b
B)muscle structural proteins
C)carbohydrate hydrolyzing genes
D)skin pigmentation
E)keratin

Question 28

Which of the following pairs indicates the closest macroevolutionary link among the plants according to the evolutionary history tree in the text?

A)lycophytes; ferns
B)whisk ferns; horsetails
C)lycophytes; mosses
D)hornworts; horsetails
E)ferns; ginkgos

Question 29

The skull of the chimpanzee and human are most closely related

A)as 48-hour embryos.
B)as adults.
C)as adolescents.
D)as infants.
E)never; they are not structurally close.

Question 30

Which of the following are true statements regarding the use of DNA in evolutionary comparisons?

A)Lineages have a mixture of ancestral and novel characters.
B)Mutations inevitably change those sequences over time.
C)Mutations occur randomly.
D)Most mutations are neutral.
E)All of these are true.