Deck 17: Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Question 1

What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Newbornsʹ immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

A) naturally acquired passive immunity.
B) innate immunity.
C) naturally acquired active immunity.
D) artificially acquired active immunity.
E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

A) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
B) They originate in bone marrow.
C) They are responsible for the memory response.
D) They are responsible for antibody formation.
E) They have antibodies on their surfaces.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 5

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 6

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 8

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

A) IgD.
B) IgA.
C) IgM.
D) IgG.
E) IgE.

Question 9

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

A) IgM.
B) IgE.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgG.

Question 10

CD4+ T cells are activated by

A) interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
B) complement.
C) cytokines released by dendritic cells.
D) interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
E) cytokines released by B cells.

Question 11

The specificity of an antibody is due to

A) the variable portions of the H and L chains.
B) the constant portions of the H and L chains.
C) the L chains.
D) its valence.
E) the H chains.

Question 12

In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are

A) IgA.
B) IgE.
C) IgD.
D) IgM.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

A) Cells are processed in the thymus gland.
B) It can inhibit the immune response.
C) The cells originate in bone marrow.
D) B cells make antibodies.
E) T cells react with antigens.

Question 15

Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

A) macrophages
B) natural killer cells
C) dentritic cells
D) mature B cells
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are APCs.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

A) specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules
B) specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors
C) specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins
D) specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens
E) specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

Question 17

When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as

A) agglutination.
B) neutralization.
C) opsonization.
D) apoptosis.
E) ADCC.

Question 18

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

A) B cell
B) natural killer cell
C) TH cell
D) basophil
E) TC cell

Question 19

Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?

A) agglutination
B) opsonization
C) activation of complement
D) ADCC
E) clonal deletion

Question 20

Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

A) antigen.
B) APC.
C) B cell.
D) T cell.
E) memory cell.

Question 21

Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?

A) a chemical that combines with antibodies
B) a pathogen
C) a protein that combines with antibodies
D) a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies
E) something foreign in the body

Question 22

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d

Question 23

Which of the following WBCs are NOT lymphocytes?

A) NK cells
B) B cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) M cells
E) helper T cells

Question 24

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the highest antibody titer during the patientʹs response to a second and distinct/different antigen?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 25

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d

Question 26

In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time (c) indicates

A) exposure to a new antigen.
B) the secondary response.
C) the primary response.
D) the T-cell response.
E) the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a).

Question 27

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d

Question 28

At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

A) 1025
B) 1010
C) 1015
D) 105
E) 1020

Question 29

The following events occur in cellular immunity, leading to a response from TH cells. What is the third step?

A) TH cells proliferate.
B) Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
C) TH cell produces cytokines.
D) Antigen enters M cell.
E) Antibodies are produced.

Question 30

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgD
D) IgA
E) IgE

Question 31

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

A) convert TH1 cells to TH₂ cells.
B) convert B cells to T cells.
C) kill parasites.
D) convert TH₂ cells to TH1 cells.
E) activate CD8+ cells to CTLs.

Question 32

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patientʹs secondary response to a repeated exposure with the identical antigen?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 33

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

A) dendritic cells
B) B cells
C) Treg
D) CTL
E) TH

Question 34

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

A) They destroy tumor cells.
B) They are stimulated by an antigen.
C) They destroy virus-infected cells.
D) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The Fc region attaches to a host cell.
B) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
C) The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
D) The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 36

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

A) Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
B) B cell is activated.
C) TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
D) APC phagocytizes antigen.
E) TH cell produces cytokines.

Question 37

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, what portion will typically attach to a host cell?

A) a and d
B) b
C) a and c
D) b and c
E) e

Question 38

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A) hapten
B) IL-2
C) perforin
D) IL-1
E) granzymes

Question 39

Thymic selection

A) destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
B) activates B cells.
C) destroys MHC molecules.
D) destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.
E) destroys CD4+ cells that attack self.

Question 40

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

A) plasmid
B) flagellum
C) ribosome
D) capsule
E) pili

Question 41

Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

Question 42

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets.

Question 43

Can natural killer cells successfully perform duties without antibodies? Explain.

Question 44

Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

Question 45

A Treg cell deficiency could result in

A) autoimmunity.
B) increased severity of bacterial infections.
C) increased number of bacterial infections.
D) transplant rejection.
E) increased number of viral infections.

Question 46

A very ill 48 year old man comes to the Emergency Room and is diagnosed with pneumonia and thrush. Suspicious, the attending physician orders an HIV antibody test which comes back positive within a few hours. Why does a patient with acquired immunodeficiency have antibodies to HIV?

Question 47

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

Question 48

When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

Question 49

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

A) extracellular viruses.
B) bacterial toxins.
C) eukaryotic pathogens.
D) bacterial pathogens.
E) prions.

Question 50

An antibodyʹs Fc region can be bound by

A) antibodies.
B) CTLs.
C) B cells.
D) T helper cells.
E) macrophages.

Question 51

Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

Question 52

The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

Question 53

Describe the production of antibodies using the clonal selection theory.

Question 54

A person has antibodies against the measles virus. Identify three ways in which these antibodies could be acquired.

Question 55

IL-2, produced by TH cells,

A) causes phagocytosis.
B) activates antigen-presenting cells.
C) activates TC cells to CTLs.
D) stimulates TH cell maturation.
E) activates macrophages.

Question 56

What adaptive immune responses, if any, could one expect to function normally in a human born without a thymus?

Question 57

Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE?

A) It activates macrophages.
B) It activates the TH1 pathway.
C) It causes TH cells to respond to HIV.
D) It causes autoimmune diseases.
E) It inhibits some tumor cells.

Question 58

Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

Question 59

Memory cells do not require B cell receptors.

Question 60

The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.