Deck 9: Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Question 1

Which of the following is not an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?

A) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
B) Nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
C) Glyphosate resistance
D) Drought resistance
E) Frost retardant

Answer 1

Drought resistance

Question 2

Figure 9.3

In Figure 9.3, the vector is

A) A library.
B) A plasmid.
C) A virus.
D) None of the above.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase.

A) mRNA -protein
B) DNA -mRNA
C) DNA -DNA
D) mRNA -cDNA
E) None

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The value of cDNA in recombinant DNA is that

A) It lacks introns.
B) It lacks exons.
C) It's really RNA.
D) None of the above.

Question 5

Foreign DNA can be inserted into cells by all of the following except

A) A gene gun.
B) Electroporation.
C) Transformation.
D) Protoplast fusion.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Figure 9.1

In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the ampicillin- resistance (amp) gene?

A) 0.17 kilobase pairs
B) 3.00 kbp
C) 0.25 kbp
D) 1.50 kbp
E) 1.08 kbp

Question 7

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X: 1- Translation; 2- Restriction enzyme; 3- Prokaryotic transcription; 4- DNA ligase;
5- Transformation; 6- Eukaryotic transcription; 7- Reverse transcription. Put the steps in the correct sequence.

A) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6
B) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
C) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
D) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1
E) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1

Question 8

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. You add radioactively labeled nucleotides to the PCR machine. After 3 replication cycles, how many double- stranded DNA molecules do you have?

A) 2
B) Thousands
C) 16
D) 8
E) 4

Question 9

Which organism degrades PCBs and has been engineered to produce BT toxin?

A) Pseudomonas
B) Bacillus thuringiensis
C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D) Thermus aquaticus
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 10

Figure 9.3

In Figure 9.3, the process required in step 5 is

A) PCR.
B) Southern blotting.
C) Transformation.
D) None of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following can be used to make recombinant DNA?

A) Protoplast fusion
B) Tungsten "bullets"
C) Transformation
D) Microinjection
E) All of the above.

Question 12

The reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase.

A) mRNA -cDNA
B) DNA -mRNA
C) mRNA -protein
D) DNA -DNA
E) None

Question 13

Figure 9.3

In Figure 9.3, the resulting organism (a) is

A) Pseudomonas fluorescens.
B) a plant × Pseudomonas hybrid.
C) Bacillus thuringiensis.
D) E. coli.
E) A tomato plant.

Question 14

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. You add radioactively labeled nucleotides to the PCR thermocycler. After 3 replication cycles, what percentage of the DNA single- strands are radioactively labeled?

A) 87.5%
B) 0%
C) 50%
D) 12.5%
E) 100%

Question 15

Subunit vaccines can be made by genetic modification of yeast cells. A side effect of these vaccines might be

A) Due to extraneous material.
B) A yeast infection.
C) That the vaccine doesn't provide immunity.
D) The disease.
E) None of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following methods of making rDNA could be described as "hit or miss"?

A) Cloning
B) Transformation
C) Viral transduction
D) Protoplast fusion
E) None of the above

Question 17

A restriction fragment is

A) A segment of RNA.
B) A gene.
C) A segment of DNA.
D) None of the above.

Question 18

Suicide genes can be controlled by the fimbriae- gene operator. This would result in the death of

A) Cells at 37°C.
B) All cells.
C) Cells making fimbriae.
D) Conjugating cells.
E) Cells making flagella.

Question 19

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a

A) Library.
B) Southern blot.
C) Clone.
D) PCR.
E) Vector.

Question 20

Which of the following techniques is used to alter one amino acid in protein?

A) Cloning
B) Restriction enzymes
C) PCR
D) Selection
E) Site- direct mutagenesis

Question 21

The following steps are used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?

A) Add stain.
B) Perform electrophoresis.
C) Collect DNA.
D) Digest with a restriction enzyme.
E) Lyse cells.

Question 22

Figure 9.1

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 4
D) 5
E) 3

Question 23

PCR can be used to amplify DNA in a clinical sample. The following steps are used in PCR. What is the fourth step?

A) Incubate at 72°C.
B) Collect DNA.
C) Incubate at 94°C.
D) Incubate at 60°C.
E) Add DNA polymerase.

Question 24

Large numbers of bacterial cells are not found in crown galls because

A) The assumption is not true; many bacteria are in the galls.
B) A gene in plant cells is controlling growth.
C) The plant kills the bacteria.
D) Cell walls protect the plant from bacterial invasion.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

Self- replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a

A) Library.
B) Vector.
C) Clone.
D) Southern blot.
E) PCR.

Question 26

The use of an antibiotic resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

A) The recombinant cell unable to survive.
B) Replica plating possible.
C) Direct selection possible.
D) The recombinant cell dangerous.
E) All of the above.

Question 27

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti, the next step in genetic engineering is

A) Splicing Ti into a plasmid.
B) Transformation of E. coli with Ti.
C) Transformation of an animal cell.
D) Inserting Ti into Agrobacterium.
E) None of the above.

Question 28

E. coli makes insulin because

A) The insulin gene was inserted into it.
B) It picked up the insulin gene from another cell.
C) It's an ancient gene that now has no function.
D) It needs to regulate its cell- glucose level.
E) No reason; it doesn't make insulin.

Question 29

A source of heat- stable DNA polymerase is

A) Pseudomonas.
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
C) Bacillus thuringiensis.
D) Thermus aquaticus.
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Question 30

A eukaryote used in genetic engineering is

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Thermus aquaticus.
D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
E) Bacillus thuringiensis.

Question 31

A technique used to identify bacteria carrying a specific gene is

A) Shotgun sequencing.
B) Transformation.
C) Southern blot.
D) Cloning.
E) None of the above.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of E. coli for making a human gene product?

A) Its genes are well known.
B) It can't process introns.
C) Endotoxin may be in the product.
D) It doesn't secrete most proteins.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

Figure 9.2

The figure at the left of Figure 9.2 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 34

Figure 9.3

In Figure 9.3, the purpose of this experiment is to

A) Put a gene in Bacillus.
B) Put a gene into a plant.
C) Put an insecticide on plant leaves.
D) Isolate Pseudomonas from a plant.
E) None of the above.

Question 35

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because

A) DNA can be electrophoresed.
B) All cells have DNA.
C) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA.
D) The RNA primer is specific.
E) None of the above.

Question 36

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a

A) Library.
B) Southern blot.
C) Clone.
D) Vector.
E) PCR.

Question 37

Which organism naturally possesses the Ti plasmid?

A) Pseudomonas
B) Saccharomyces cervisiae
C) Bacillus thuringiensis
D) Thermus aquaticus
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 38

A specific gene can be inserted into a cell by all of the following except

A) Microinjection.
B) Electroporation.
C) Agrobacterium.
D) A gene gun.
E) Protoplast fusion.

Question 39

An example of gene therapy is

A) Insertion of the insulin gene in a diabetic person's pancreas cells.
B) Insertion of the insulin gene in a mammalian cell culture.
C) Insertion of the insulin gene in E. coli.
D) Injection of insulin into a diabetic person.
E) None of the above.

Question 40

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is

A) Determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
B) Synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.
C) Mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme.
D) Look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.
E) None; the enzyme can't be produced.

Question 41

Which of the following is not involved in making cDNA?

A) Transcription.
B) RNA processing to remove introns.
C) Reverse transcription.
D) Translation.

Question 42

Figure 9.3

In Figure 9.3, the resulting P. fluorescens has

A) An E. coli gene.
B) A tomato and a Bacillus gene.
C) A Bacillus gene.
D) A tomato gene.
E) No new gene.

Question 43

Restriction enzymes are

A) Animal enzymes that splice RNA.
B) Viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.
C) Bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
D) Bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.