Deck 2: The Early History of Policing

Question 1

The French police, including the Gendarmerie Nationale, were originally elected officials.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The type of police that exist in a society are a product of patterns of social organization, perceptions of crime and disorder, and:

A) legislative action
B) value of the tax base
C) size of the population
D) elite interests

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The emergence of mutual responsibility for wrongs doe by individual group members leads to:

A) group interest in behavior control
B) feuds
C) informal policing
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Klockars, when specific individuals have a primary occupation of policing we have developed:

A) transitional policing
B) professional policing
C) vocational policing
D) avocational policing

Question 5

In general, the police of the central state are likely to be:

A) responsible for a wide range of functions
B) nationally organized
C) used for political repression
D) all of the above

Question 6

The police in France, according to Stead, have been most greatly affected by the power of the French nobility.

Question 7

Informal and transitional policing forms are normally:

A) vocational
B) mandatory
C) long- lived
D) none of the above

Question 8

The police, as an instrument of social control, are expected to:

A) serve the interests of all citizens
B) preserve the status quo
C) promote social equality
D) all of the above

Question 9

According to Lundman, the type of policing that exists when members of society share police responsibility is:

A) transitional policing
B) modern policing
C) formal policing
D) informal policing

Question 10

Beginning with the reign of Augustus, Roman society changed to the point where citizens owed allegiance to the emperor. The most important rival to the emperor in Roman society was the:

A) senate
B) patricians
C) Roman family
D) army

Question 11

A central theme throughout the history of police development in 19th century Italy was:

A) growing fascism
B) Napoleonic code
C) the power of the monarchy
D) a crisis of law and order

Question 12

At some point in history, every industrial society has created a police vocation.

Question 13

In its earliest forms, social control was the product of police action.

Question 14

Research indicates that the emergence of formal police is linked to social changes like:

A) decreasing social stratification
B) development of mechanical solidarity
C) decreasing complexity of society
D) development of role specialization

Question 15

The rise of policing in society is linked to:

A) the emergence of a political leader
B) the rise of the state as a unit of government
C) definition of individual wrongs as "crime"
D) all of the above

Question 16

A historical perspective allows one to:

A) anticipate the future
B) evaluate prior reforms
C) identify enduring aspects of policing
D) all of the above

Question 17

The type of social organization that exists when members of the group share values, beliefs, and activities is:

A) traditional solidarity
B) organic solidarity
C) normative solidarity
D) mechanical solidarity

Question 18

Social elites in England and the United States called for the creation of police to control:

A) commerce
B) riots
C) the dangerous classes
D) crime

Question 19

Where the state acquires dominance over lower social groups, interests in order outweigh liberty interests.

Question 20

Fosdick observed that there are two models of the police, a British model and:

A) American model
B) European model
C) democratic model
D) continental model

Question 21

In time, responsibility for harm spreads from the offender to include his or her kin, making people "police" each other in the interests of personal safety.

Question 22

Lundman's model can explain the development of policing in societies with strong central state governments.

Question 23

Augustus set the precedent for keeping a standing army in Rome for police purposes when he established the praetorian guard.

Question 24

The emergence of formal police does not significantly alter social relationships.

Question 25

The French police perform many duties, including issuance of passports.

Question 26

The Japanese during the Meiji Restoration decided to adopt a form of modern policing based on the model of the French.

Question 27

The police in 19th century Italy were often employed to repress political dissent.

Question 28

Formal police emerged in Japan from a long evolutionary process.

Question 29

Where the state or monarch acquires a monopoly on power, the police are decentralized and their powers are limited.

Question 30

The Italian police were organized similarly to the French police.