Deck 4: Epidemiology

Question 1

If the risk of a disease is .5, the odds are

A)0
B).25
C).75
D)1

Answer 1

1

Question 2

A cohort study involves

A)studying a group of friends
B)recruiting a group of people with a particular disease
C)following a group of participants in a longitudinal study
D)randomising groups of participants to receive a particular treatment or not

Answer 2

following a group of participants in a longitudinal study

Question 3

An odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the exposed group has

A)a higher chance of disease than the unexposed group
B)a lower chance of disease than the unexposed group
C)exactly the same chance of disease as the unexposed group
D)the researcher has made a mistake in calculation

Answer 3

a lower chance of disease than the unexposed group

Question 4

A researcher calculates the risk and odds of a particular event and finds they are almost the same.This implies that

A)the probability of the event is high
B)the probability of the event is low
C)the probability of the event is exactly .75
D)none of the above

Question 5

Longitudinal studies provide

A)stronger evidence of causality than randomised experiments
B)stronger evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies
C)weaker evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies
D)weaker evidence of causality than case‐control studies

Question 6

A study that compares the health of a sample of Indians before and after their income is raised by an event not controlled by the experimenter is an example of

A)a case‐control study
B)a natural experiment
C)a prevalence study
D)a randomised experiment

Question 7

Case‐control studies

A)identify a representative section of the population
B)compare a group of people with disease to a group without
C)follow up a sample of people over a long time period
D)closely control cases of disease to try to cure them

Question 8

A cross‐sectional study finds that skull fracture is related to hyperactivity.This finding implies that

A)hyperactivity increases the risk of head injury
B)head injury increases the risk of developing hyperactivity
C)other factors increase the risk of both head injury and hyperactivity
D)any of the above may be true

Question 9

Prevalence measures whereas incidence measures

A)risk ratios, odds ratios
B)odds, risk
C)existing disease, new onset of disease
D)risk factors, protective factors

Question 10

A researcher is studying the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome using a long questionnaire.The researcher is worried that people with chronic fatigue syndrome will be less likely to complete the questionnaire than healthy people.If this is true the study will

A)estimate the prevalence perfectly
B)overestimate the prevalence
C)underestimate the prevalence
D)none of the above