Question 1

Longitudinal studies provide

Accepted Answer

A) stronger evidence of causality than randomised experiments 
B) stronger evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies 
C) weaker evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies 
D) weaker evidence of causality than case‐control studies 
A) stronger evidence of causality than randomised experiments 
B) stronger evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies 
C) weaker evidence of causality than cross‐sectional studies 
D) weaker evidence of causality than case‐control studies B

Question 2

A researcher is studying the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome using a long questionnaire.The researcher is worried that people with chronic fatigue syndrome will be less likely to complete the questionnaire than healthy people.If this is true the study will

Accepted Answer

A) estimate the prevalence perfectly 
B) overestimate the prevalence 
C) underestimate the prevalence 
D) none of the above 
A) estimate the prevalence perfectly 
B) overestimate the prevalence 
C) underestimate the prevalence 
D) none of the above C

Question 3

Prevalence measures whereas incidence measures

Accepted Answer

A) risk ratios, odds ratios 
B) odds, risk 
C) existing disease, new onset of disease 
D) risk factors, protective factors 
A) risk ratios, odds ratios 
B) odds, risk 
C) existing disease, new onset of disease 
D) risk factors, protective factors C

Question 4

A cross‐sectional study finds that skull fracture is related to hyperactivity.This finding implies that

Accepted Answer

A) hyperactivity increases the risk of head injury 
B) head injury increases the risk of developing hyperactivity 
C) other factors increase the risk of both head injury and hyperactivity 
D) any of the above may be true 
A) hyperactivity increases the risk of head injury 
B) head injury increases the risk of developing hyperactivity 
C) other factors increase the risk of both head injury and hyperactivity 
D) any of the above may be true

Question 5

If the risk of a disease is .5, the odds are

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) .25 
C) .75 
D) 1 
A) 0 
B) .25 
C) .75 
D) 1

Question 6

An odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the exposed group has

Accepted Answer

A) a higher chance of disease than the unexposed group 
B) a lower chance of disease than the unexposed group 
C) exactly the same chance of disease as the unexposed group 
D) the researcher has made a mistake in calculation 
A) a higher chance of disease than the unexposed group 
B) a lower chance of disease than the unexposed group 
C) exactly the same chance of disease as the unexposed group 
D) the researcher has made a mistake in calculation

Question 7

A study that compares the health of a sample of Indians before and after their income is raised by an event not controlled by the experimenter is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a case‐control study 
B) a natural experiment 
C) a prevalence study 
D) a randomised experiment 
A) a case‐control study 
B) a natural experiment 
C) a prevalence study 
D) a randomised experiment

Question 8

A researcher calculates the risk and odds of a particular event and finds they are almost the same.This implies that

Accepted Answer

A) the probability of the event is high 
B) the probability of the event is low 
C) the probability of the event is exactly .75 
D) none of the above 
A) the probability of the event is high 
B) the probability of the event is low 
C) the probability of the event is exactly .75 
D) none of the above

Question 9

A cohort study involves

Accepted Answer

A) studying a group of friends 
B) recruiting a group of people with a particular disease 
C) following a group of participants in a longitudinal study 
D) randomising groups of participants to receive a particular treatment or not 
A) studying a group of friends 
B) recruiting a group of people with a particular disease 
C) following a group of participants in a longitudinal study 
D) randomising groups of participants to receive a particular treatment or not

Question 10

Case‐control studies

Accepted Answer

A) identify a representative section of the population 
B) compare a group of people with disease to a group without 
C) follow up a sample of people over a long time period 
D) closely control cases of disease to try to cure them 
A) identify a representative section of the population 
B) compare a group of people with disease to a group without 
C) follow up a sample of people over a long time period 
D) closely control cases of disease to try to cure them

Longitudinal studies provide

A researcher is studying the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome using a long questionnaire.The researcher is worried that people with chronic fatigue syndrome will be less likely to complete the questionnaire than healthy people.If this is true the study will

Prevalence measures whereas incidence measures

A cross‐sectional study finds that skull fracture is related to hyperactivity.This finding implies that

If the risk of a disease is .5, the odds are

An odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the exposed group has

A study that compares the health of a sample of Indians before and after their income is raised by an event not controlled by the experimenter is an example of

A researcher calculates the risk and odds of a particular event and finds they are almost the same.This implies that

A cohort study involves

Case‐control studies

An Introduction to the Research Process

Descriptive Statistics

The Basis of Statistical Testing

Introduction to Data Screening and Cleaning

Differences Between Two Groups

Differences Between Three or More Conditions

Testing Associations Between Categorical Variables

Measuring Agreement: Correlational Techniques

Linear Regression

Standard Multiple Regression

Logistic Regression

Interventions and Analysis of Change

Survival Analysis: an Introduction

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Exam 4: Epidemiology

Longitudinal studies provide

A researcher is studying the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome using a long questionnaire.The researcher is worried that people with chronic fatigue syndrome will be less likely to complete the questionnaire than healthy people.If this is true the study will

Prevalence measures whereas incidence measures

A cross‐sectional study finds that skull fracture is related to hyperactivity.This finding implies that

If the risk of a disease is .5, the odds are

An odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the exposed group has

A study that compares the health of a sample of Indians before and after their income is raised by an event not controlled by the experimenter is an example of

A researcher calculates the risk and odds of a particular event and finds they are almost the same.This implies that

A cohort study involves

Case‐control studies

An Introduction to the Research Process

Descriptive Statistics

The Basis of Statistical Testing

Introduction to Data Screening and Cleaning

Differences Between Two Groups

Differences Between Three or More Conditions

Testing Associations Between Categorical Variables

Measuring Agreement: Correlational Techniques

Linear Regression

Standard Multiple Regression

Logistic Regression

Interventions and Analysis of Change

Survival Analysis: an Introduction

Filters