Deck 4: Genes and Cellular Function

Question 1

Mitosis is responsible for embryonic development and tissue growth.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Phenotype is the result of genetic influences only.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have similar effects on cell division.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Although all cells synthesize phospholipids, there are no genes for phospholipids.

Question 5

After mitosis each chromosome consists of two parallel filaments called sister chromatids.

Question 6

All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body.

Question 7

This figure shows the DNA structure.What does "C" represent?

A)a uracil
B)a phosphate group
C)a deoxyribose
D)a pyrimidine
E)a purine

Question 8

Many genes occur in alternative forms called alleles.

Question 9

Eye color is a normal polygenic trait.

Question 10

DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis.

Question 11

DNA is composed of double-ring nitrogenous bases, whereas RNA is composed of single-ring nitrogenous bases.

Question 12

Naked DNA is called chromatin.

Question 13

A human cell starting prophase has 92 molecules of DNA in its nucleus.

Question 14

There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid.

Question 15

Which of these is the correct sequence from simpler to more complex?

A)chromatin, carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, DNA
B)carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, chromatin, DNA
C)chromatin, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, carbon
D)carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, chromatin, DNA
E)carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, DNA, chromatin

Question 16

The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation.

Question 17

A is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called with DNA wound around them, plus a short segment of linker DNA.

A)nucleosome; centrosomes
B)nucleosome; histones
C)chromosome; histones
D)chromosome; centromeres
E)centromere; chromatin

Question 18

DNA is a polymer of , which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a .

A)amino acids; nucleotide
B)nucleic acids; nucleotide
C)nucleotides; nitrogenous base
D)nucleotides; nucleic acid
E)proteins; nucleotide

Question 19

If a DNA molecule was known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine (G)?

A)8%
B)11%
C)22%
D)28%
E)78%

Question 20

A gene can be defined as an information-containing segment of RNA that codes for the production of
a polypeptide.

Question 21

The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum number of

A)20 bases.
B)51 bases.
C)between 51 bases and 102 bases.
D)between 102 bases and 153 bases.
E)153 bases.

Question 22

This figure shows translation of mRNA.What does "E" show?

A)a newly synthesized amino acid
B)a newly synthesized polypeptide
C)a newly synthesized nucleic acid
D)mRNA
E)tRNA

Question 23

Transcription occurs in the , but most translation occurs in the .

A)nucleus; cytoplasm
B)nucleus; nucleolus
C)cytoplasm; nucleus
D)nucleolus; cytoplasm
E)nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called , whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called
)

A)transcription; translation
B)translation; transcription
C)DNA replication; translation
D)DNA duplication; transcription
E)DNA translation; RNA transcription

Question 25

This figure shows translation of mRNA.What does "A" show?

A)the molecule that carries codons
B)the molecule that carries anticodons
C)the molecule that carries base triplets
D)the molecule that carries amino acids
E)the molecule that carries tRNA

Question 26

After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called modifications.

A)splicing
B)posttranscriptional
C)posttranslational
D)polyribosomal
E)secretory

Question 27

You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell.The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be

A)free ribosome → cytosol → vesicle → extracellular fluid.
B)rough ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid.
C)rough ER → smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid.
D)smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid.
E)smooth ER → Golgi complex → lysosome → extracellular fluid.

Question 28

is the DNA base sequence complementary to the strand TGCCAT.

A)TGCCAT
B)UGCCAU
C)ACGGTA
D)ACGGUA
E)ACCGTA

Question 29

Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to , respectively.

A)tRNA, DNA, and mRNA
B)DNA, tRNA, and mRNA
C)tRNA, mRNA, and DNA
D)DNA, RNA, and pre-mRNA
E)RNA, DNA, and pre-mRNA

Question 30

The human genome consists of

A)about 35,000 genes.
B)over 2 million genes.
C)A, T, C, G, and U.
D)DNA and RNA.
E)the genotype and phenotype.

Question 31

The genetic code is the correspondence between the and the that they represent.

A)DNA molecule; 20 amino acids
B)DNA molecule; 64 amino acids
C)mRNA anticodons; 20 amino acids
D)mRNA codons; 64 amino acids
E)mRNA codons; 20 amino acids

Question 32

This figure shows translation of mRNA.What does "C" show?

A)mRNA
B)DNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA bound to one amino acid
E)tRNA bound to one amino acid

Question 33

are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the they encode.

A)Enzymes; products
B)Ribosomes; proteins
C)Genes; proteins
D)Proteins; genes
E)Genes; ribosomes

Question 34

A contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA.

A)genome
B)gene
C)nucleotide
D)genetic code
E)codon

Question 35

This figure shows the DNA structure.What does "B" represent?

A)a nucleotide
B)a phosphate group
C)a deoxyribose
D)a pyrimidine
E)a purine

Question 36

All of the following are directly involved in translation except

A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)rRNA.
E)ribosomes.

Question 37

This figure shows the DNA structure.What does "D" represent?

A)hydrogen bonds
B)peptide bonds
C)polar bonds
D)a nucleotide
E)a fragment of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 38

All the DNA in one 23-chromosome set is called

A)the chromosome.
B)a chromatid.
C)chromatin.
D)the gene.
E)the genome.

Question 39

This figure shows the DNA structure.What does "E" represent?

A)a nitrogenous base
B)a pyrimidine
C)a purine
D)a nucleotide
E)a fragment of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 40

Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids, how do cells produce them?

A)Enzymes encoded by genes synthesize these products.
B)Cells are born with all the products they need.
C)Cells absorb these products by endocytosis.
D)Cells import these products from older cells.
E)Cells can produce carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids out of proteins.

Question 41

G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called

A)interphase.
B)telophase.
C)cytokinesis.
D)prophase.
E)anaphase.

Question 42

Hemophilia is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele.This means that

A)women can be carriers but cannot get hemophilia.
B)the gene is found on the Y chromosome.
C)a man can give the allele to his son but not to his daughter.
D)a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his mother.
E)a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his father.

Question 43

In the cell cycle, DNA polymerase is most active in phase.

A)S
B)G1
C)G2
D)M
E)G0

Question 44

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

A)each daughter DNA consists of one new helix and one old helix.
B)each daughter DNA consists of one new nucleotide and one old nucleotide.
C)each daughter DNA consists of one new chromatid and one old chromatid.
D)each daughter cell receives one new chromatid and one old chromatid.
E)each daughter cell receives one new helix and one old helix.

Question 45

All these can cause a mutation except

A)radiation.
B)viruses.
C)chemicals.
D)a mistake made by the DNA polymerase.
E)a mistake made by the RNA polymerase.

Question 46

Germ cells have unpaired chromosomes and are thus called cells.

A)23; somatic
B)23; haploid
C)23; diploid
D)46; somatic
E)46; diploid

Question 47

A cell finishing mitosis has DNA molecules, while a cell finishing DNA replication has DNA molecules.

A)46; 46
B)46; 92
C)46; 23
D)23; 46
E)23; 23

Question 48

Sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of a cell during

A)S phase.
B)G2 phase.
C)prophase.
D)metaphase.
E)anaphase.

Question 49

The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is

A)prophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.
E)interphase.

Question 50

Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis?

A)the S phase
B)telophase
C)metaphase
D)prophase
E)interphase

Question 51

opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication, whereas adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand.

A)DNA ligase; DNA helicase
B)DNA helicase; DNA polymerase
C)DNA ligase; DNA polymerase
D)DNA helicase; DNA ligase
E)DNA polymerase; DNA ligase

Question 52

All these are found in the karyotype of a normal human male, except

A)46 chromosomes.
B)23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
C)X and Y chromosomes.
D)46 chromatids.
E)92 DNA molecules.

Question 53

Eye color is caused by genes at multiple loci.This phenomenon is called

A)pleiotropy.
B)sex linkage.
C)polygenic inheritance.
D)incomplete dominance.
E)multiple carriers.

Question 54

A karyotype shows the chromosomes sorted and isolated from a cell in .

A)23; interphase
B)23; metaphase
C)46; prophase
D)46; metaphase
E)46; S phase

Question 55

Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods, during

A)telophase.
B)anaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)metaphase.

Question 56

If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another, we say that it is a(an) allele.

A)homozygous
B)heterozygous
C)recessive
D)dominant
E)suppressed

Question 57

All of the following participate in DNA replication except

A)DNA.
B)ribosomes.
C)DNA ligase.
D)DNA helicase.
E)DNA polymerase.

Question 58

Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G1) phase?

A)DNA is semiconservatively replicated.
B)The nuclear envelope breaks down.
C)The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis.
D)The cell synthesizes proteins and grows.
E)The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

Question 59

Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle?

A)G1, S, G2, mitotic phase
B)interphase, mitotic phase
C)G1, DNA replication, G2, mitotic phase
D)prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
E)interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 60

Cell division is stimulated by and suppressed by .

A)mitosis; cytokinesis
B)mitosis; contact inhibition
C)cell size; cytokinesis
D)growth factors; contact inhibition
E)cell size; contact inhibition

Question 61

In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with two abnormal alleles die of heart attacks in childhood, those with only one abnormal allele typically die as young adults, and those with two normal alleles have normal life expectancies.This exemplifies

A)penetrance.
B)codominance.
C)pleiotropy.
D)complete dominance.
E)incomplete dominance.

Question 62

All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called , usually have and are thus called cells.

A)germ cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid
B)germ cells; 23 chromosomes; haploid
C)somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid
D)somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; diploid
E)somatic cells; 23 chromosomes; diploid

Question 63

The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the

A)species DNA.
B)population DNA.
C)gene pool.
D)chromosomes.
E)genes.

Question 64

The allele for cleft chin (C) is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c).A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child.What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin?

A)0
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%