Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Testosterone is a gonadotropin.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Hormones serve as intracellular messengers.

Question 5

Addison disease is a consequence of a tumor of the adrenal medulla.

Question 6

This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system.Which structure secretes growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)8
E)9

Question 7

Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Question 8

Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect.

Question 9

Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.

Question 10

Eicosanoids are derived from steroids.

Question 11

Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the
pancreas.

Question 12

The nervous system reacts to stimuli compared to the endocrine system, adapts compared to the endocrine system, and has effects compared to the endocrine system.

A)slowly; slowly; widespread
B)quickly; slowly; specific
C)quickly; quickly; widespread
D)quickly; quickly; specific
E)slowly; quickly; specific

Question 13

Prostaglandins are considered paracrines.

Question 14

The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) sets in only if protein
reserves are depleted.

Question 15

Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes.

Question 16

Endocrine gland(s)

A)secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
B)secrete their products by way of ducts.
C)have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.
D)release their secretions directly into the blood.
E)secretions may be released onto the body surface.

Question 17

are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Neuromodulators
C)Hormones
D)Parahormones
E)Paracrines

Question 18

Myxedema is characterized by low metabolic rate, sluggishness, and sleepiness.

Question 19

This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system.What does "1" represent?

A)the hypothalamus
B)the pituitary gland
C)the pineal gland
D)the hypophysis
E)the adrenal gland

Question 20

Hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream.

Question 21

This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships.Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

A)1
B)6
C)8
D)5
E)10

Question 22

These are all hypothalamic hormones except

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B)luteinizing hormone (LH).
C)thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).
D)somatostatin.
E)prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH).

Question 23

The secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

A)thymus
B)thyroid gland
C)parathyroid glands
D)pineal gland
E)pituitary gland

Question 24

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the

A)thyroid gland.
B)thyroid hormone.
C)hypothalamus.
D)posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).
E)anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).

Question 25

The is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function.

A)kidney
B)pancreas
C)thyroid gland
D)parathyroid gland
E)adrenal gland

Question 26

secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms.

A)Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)
B)Oxytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); oxytocin (OT)
D)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
E)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 27

The secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness , quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system.

A)thyroid gland
B)pancreas
C)adrenal gland
D)parathyroid gland
E)thymus

Question 28

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when

A)thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary.
B)thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
C)thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland.
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland.
E)thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary.

Question 29

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secretes

A)prolactin (PRL).
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
C)oxytocin (OT).
D)thyroid hormone (TH).
E)growth hormone (GH).

Question 30

The secrete(s) , which promotes Na+ and water retention.

A)adrenal medulla; epinephrine
B)pancreas; cortisol
C)kidneys; corticosterone
D)adrenal cortex; aldosterone
E)thyroid; calcitonin

Question 31

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the

A)kidneys.
B)adrenal gland.
C)anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).
D)hypothalamus.
E)pancreas.

Question 32

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes

A)glucagon.
B)androgens.
C)estradiol.
D)aldosterone.
E)cortisol.

Question 33

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?

A)the chemical properties of the hormone
B)the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
C)the location of the gland that secretes the hormone
D)the location of the target cells in the body
E)the site where the hormone is secreted

Question 34

This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.

A)calcitonin
B)melanin
C)melatonin
D)hepcidin
E)inhibin

Question 35

This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships.Which hormone is not a tropin?

A)1
B)4
C)8
D)5
E)6

Question 36

has more target cells in the body than any of the others.

A)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B)Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
C)Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
D)Growth hormone (GH)
E)Oxytocin (OT)

Question 37

The secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells).

A)thyroid
B)thymus
C)adrenal gland
D)spleen
E)parathyroid

Question 38

The hypophyseal portal system connects

A)the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) with the hypothalamus.
B)the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) with the hypothalamus.
C)the anterior pituitary with the posterior pituitary.
D)the hypothalamus with its target organs.
E)the pituitary with its target organs.

Question 39

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete

A)glucagon, which lowers blood glucose.
B)glucagon, which raises blood glucose.
C)insulin, which lowers blood glucose.
D)insulin, which raises blood glucose.
E)glucocorticoids, which raise blood glucose.

Question 40

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via

A)negative feedback inhibition.
B)positive feedback inhibition.
C)up-regulation.
D)down-regulation.
E)antagonistic regulation.

Question 41

This figure shows

A)modulation of target cell sensitivity by up-regulation.
B)modulation of target cell sensitivity by down-regulation.
C)enzyme amplification.
D)a cascade effect.
E)a permissive effect.

Question 42

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause when it begins in adulthood.

A)myxedema
B)Graves disease
C)Cushing syndrome
D)goiter
E)acromegaly

Question 43

T4 and T3 are hormones that are mainly transported in the blood.

A)monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
B)monoamine; unbound (free)
C)steroid; bound to transcortin-binding protein (TBP)
D)steroid; unbound (free)
E)catecholamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

Question 44

This is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger.

A)G protein activates adenylate cyclase
B)cAMP activates protein kinases
C)adenylate cyclase produces cAMP
D)G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor
E)enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases

Question 45

Cortisol

A)inhibits fat digestion.
B)stimulates protein synthesis.
C)promotes glycogen synthesis.
D)stimulates glucose intake by most organs.
E)promotes breakdown of fat and protein.

Question 46

Absence of iodine in the diet leads to

A)hypoparathyroidism.
B)hypothyroidism.
C)hypocalcemia.
D)hypoglycemia.
E)hypoxemia.

Question 47

Prostaglandins have all the following roles except

A)to induce labor contractions.
B)to stop fever and pain.
C)to constrict or dilate arterioles.
D)to act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors.
E)to inhibit gastric secretion.

Question 48

enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes.

A)Insulin
B)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)Estrogen
D)Glucagon
E)Oxytocin (OT)

Question 49

is not a steroid hormone.

A)Insulin
B)Cortisol
C)Progesterone
D)Aldosterone
E)Estradiol

Question 50

All these can cause Cushing syndrome except

A)ACTH hypersecretion by the pituitary.
B)ACTH-secreting tumors.
C)hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex.
D)hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla.
E)excess cortisol secretion.

Question 51

The initial response to stress is called and is mediated mainly by .

A)the resistance stage; cortisol
B)the resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol
C)the alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
D)the alarm reaction; cortisol
E)the exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 52

The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by

A)cortisol.
B)epinephrine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)angiotensin.
E)aldosterone.

Question 53

Eicosanoids are derived from

A)arachidonic acid.
B)leukotriene.
C)prostacyclin.
D)prostaglandins.
E)thromboxanes.

Question 54

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

A)epinephrine hypersecretion.
B)cortisol hypersecretion.
C)aldosterone hypersecretion.
D)antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion.
E)antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion.

Question 55

is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A)Aldosterone
B)Cortisol
C)Testosterone
D)Calcitriol
E)Glucagon

Question 56

This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

A)the adrenal gland
B)the salivary gland
C)the ovary
D)the pineal gland
E)the thymus

Question 57

During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) stress overwhelms homeostasis.A characteristic of this stage is that

A)glycogen supplies are depleted.
B)energy demands are met primarily by fat metabolism.
C)fermentation is not enough to provide the necessary ATP.
D)energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolism.
E)energy demands are met primarily by carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 58

Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute.This exemplifies

A)hormone clearance.
B)the cascade effect.
C)the synergistic effect.
D)the permissive effect.
E)the antagonistic effect.

Question 59

Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of

A)negative feedback inhibition.
B)an antagonistic effect.
C)up-regulation.
D)enzyme amplification.
E)down-regulation.

Question 60

These are all secreted by the pancreas except

A)glucagon.
B)pancreatic polypeptide.
C)gastrin.
D)somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone).
E)somatotropin (growth hormone).

Question 61

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following except

A)hypoglycemia.
B)polyuria.
C)polyphagia.
D)polydipsia.
E)glycosuria.

Question 62

These statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) are correct except

A)the body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM.
B)target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM.
C)both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin.
D)diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM.
E)type II DM is more common than type I DM.