Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Question 1

is the background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

A)"Fight or flight" activity
B)Visceral motor activity
C)Autonomic reflex arc activity
D)Visceral tone
E)Autonomic tone.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are normally active simultaneously.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.

Question 5

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in
the periphery.

Question 6

Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.

Question 7

Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect.

Question 8

Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia.

Question 9

All preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia synapsing at least once there.

Question 10

The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching that target cell.

Question 11

The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.

Question 12

The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion.

Question 13

Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a
beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.

Question 14

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the

A)adrenal gland.
B)smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta.
C)cardiac muscle in the right atrium.
D)skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis.
E)parotid salivary gland.

Question 15

All autonomic output originates in the central nervous system.

Question 16

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.

Question 17

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except

A)changing the diameter of the pupil.
B)adjusting heart rate and force.
C)altering salivary mucus secretion.
D)regulating gastrointestinal motility.
E)maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck.

Question 18

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

A)sensory receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → gland
B)sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → gland
C)sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland
D)sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → gland
E)sensory receptor → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → gland

Question 19

Most sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline.

Question 20

Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situations involving

A)anger.
B)digestion.
C)exercise.
D)stress.
E)arousal.

Question 21

Which nerve(s) carries the most parasympathetic fibers?

A)spinal nerves
B)pelvic splanchnic nerves
C)nerves of the abdominal aortic plexus
D)vagus nerve (CN X)
E)facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 22

Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with 10 to 20 postganglionic neurons.This results in

A)sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord all along its length.
B)the sympathetic nervous system having a relative widespread effect.
C)sympathetic spinal nerves being smaller.
D)sympathetic ganglia being close to the spinal cord.
E)spinal nerves being smaller.

Question 23

This figure shows the neural pathway through the autonomic nervous system.What does structure "3" represent?

A)preganglionic sympathetic fiber
B)postganglionic sympathetic fiber
C)somatic motor fiber
D)preganglionic parasympathetic fiber
E)postganglionic parasympathetic fiber

Question 24

The sympathetic chain of ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) is found at the levels of the spinal cord.

A)cervical and thoracic
B)thoracic and lumbar
C)thoracic, lumbar and sacral
D)sacral, lumbar and coccygeal
E)cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 25

The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is , and/whereas the effect of somatic fibers is .

A)always excitatory; always excitatory too
B)excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory
C)excitatory or inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory
D)always inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory
E)always inhibitory; always excitatory

Question 26

Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in

A)the vagus nerve.
B)the trigeminal nerve.
C)the pelvic nerve.
D)the sacral plexus.
E)the sciatic nerve.

Question 27

The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are)

A)norepinephrine (NE).
B)acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE).
C)acetylcholine (ACh).
D)dopamine.
E)dopamine and norepinephrine (NE).

Question 28

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the region(s) of the spinal cord.

A)cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
B)thoracic and lumbar
C)thoracic
D)cervical
E)lumbar

Question 29

In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to its beats per minute.

A)baroreceptors; decrease
B)proprioceptors; decrease
C)baroreceptors; increase
D)proprioceptors; increase
E)chemoreceptors; increase

Question 30

The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves neurons.

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 31

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are and secrete .

A)myelinated; norepinephrine (NE)
B)myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
C)myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(NE)
D)unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
E)unmyelinated; norepinephrine(NE)

Question 32

The parasympathetic division arises from the region(s) of the spinal cord.

A)brain, thoracic, and lumbar
B)brain, sacral, and coccygeal
C)brain, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
D)sacral and lumbar
E)brain and sacral

Question 33

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly

A)norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
B)dopamine.
C)endorphins.
D)acetylcholine (ACh).
E)epinephrine (adrenaline).

Question 34

The solar plexus is used as a name for

A)the spinal nerve route.
B)the carotid plexus.
C)either the celiac and mesenteric ganglia or with celiac ganglia only.
D)the splanchic nerves.
E)the sympathetic nerve route.

Question 35

Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes.These are all reasons for this except

A)effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated
B)effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons
C)effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses
D)some of the neurons in the effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc are unmyelinated
E)effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord

Question 36

This figure shows the neural pathway through the autonomic nervous system.What structure(s) is(are) not associated with the autonomic nervous system?

A)3
B)2 and 3
C)1 and 6
D)2
E)7

Question 37

These are all features of the sympathetic division except

A)it originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
B)it has long postganglionic fibers.
C)it has long preganglionic fibers.
D)its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column.
E)it has an extensive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect.

Question 38

Preganglionic fibers run from

A)posterior root ganglia to gray matter.
B)posterior root ganglia to autonomic ganglia.
C)gray matter to posterior root ganglia.
D)gray matter to autonomic ganglia.
E)autonomic ganglia to visceral effectors.

Question 39

These are all characteristics of the parasympathetic division except

A)its effects are local.
B)the terminal ganglia are very close to or within their target organs.
C)it originates in the craniosacral regions of the CNS.
D)it has short preganglionic fibers.
E)it has short postganglionic fibers.

Question 40

This figure shows a division of the autonomic nervous system.The label represents the Vagus Nerve (CN X).

A)4
B)3
C)2
D)1
E)5

Question 41

is an example of the cooperative effect between the two autonomic nervous system divisions.

A)Orgasm
B)Bronchodilation
C)Gastrointestinal secretion
D)Heart rate
E)Vasomotor tone

Question 42

Muscarinic receptors bind

A)epinephrine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)monoamine oxidase (MAO).
D)acetylcholinesterase.
E)acetylcholine.

Question 43

Damage to the may affect near vision accommodation.

A)celiac ganglion
B)oculomotor nerve (CN III)
C)facial nerve (CN VII)
D)glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
E)cardiac plexus

Question 44

Sympathetic fibers do not release

A)acetylcholine.
B)nitric oxide (NO).
C)substance P.
D)neuropeptide Y.
E)norepinephrine.

Question 45

All of the following are under dual control of the ANS except

A)pupil diameter.
B)heart rate.
C)salivary gland activity.
D)adrenal medulla activity.
E)gastrointestinal motility.

Question 46

Which of the following is more effective in producing bronchodilation?

A)acetylcholine
B)nicotine
C)muscarine
D)norepinephrine
E)thyroxine

Question 47

This enzyme breaks down norepinephrine (NE).

A)noradrenalinase
B)adenosine
C)monoamine oxidase (MAO)
D)norepinephrinase
E)catchol-O-methyltrasferase (COMT)

Question 48

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter .

A)preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)
B)postganglionic; norepinephrine (NE)
C)preganglionic; norepinephrine (NE)
D)postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)
E)somatic; norepinephrine (NE)

Question 49

White rami carry neurons, while gray rami carry neurons.

A)myelinated postganglionic; unmyelinated preganglionic
B)unmyelinated postganglionic; myelinated preganglionic
C)myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic
D)unmyelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic
E)myelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic

Question 50

Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of

A)blood clotting.
B)blood flow to the skeletal muscles.
C)sweating.
D)hair erection.
E)gastrointestinal motility.

Question 51

Atropine is sometimes used to dilate the pupil for eye examination.Which receptor would atropine block?

A)alpha 1 adrenergic receptor
B)nicotinic receptor
C)muscarinic receptor
D)alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
E)beta receptor

Question 52

If a cell has α1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to

A)acetylcholine (ACh).
B)norepinephrine (NE).
C)adrenaline.
D)alpha adrenaline.
E)nicotine.

Question 53

The binding of to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will it.

A)acetylcholine; excite
B)norepinephrine; excite
C)monoamine oxidase; inhibit
D)acetylcholine; inhibit
E)acetylcholinesterase; excite

Question 54

A possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a neuromodulator in the brain called , which inhibits ACh release by cholinergic neurons.

A)glycine
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)melatonin
E)adenosine

Question 55

Which one of the following is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers?

A)preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division
B)postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division
C)postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division
D)all motor fibers of the somatic motor system
E)preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division

Question 56

These are all characteristics of the enteric nervous systems except

A)its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord.
B)it does not arise from the spinal cord.
C)it innervates smooth muscle.
D)it innervates glands.
E)it does not arise from the brainstem.

Question 57

Drugs that are monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors would most likely

A)activate the parasympathetic division and allow for normal digestive system activities.
B)block ACh receptors on skeletal muscle and cause flaccid paralysis.
C)stimulate β-2 receptors and cause an increase in heart rate and dilation of bronchioles.
D)decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant.
E)inhibit uptake of dopamine and cause depression.

Question 58

The is an especially important center of autonomic control.

A)pons
B)medulla oblongata
C)hypothalamus
D)midbrain
E)pituitary gland

Question 59

Sympathetic effects tend to last than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that .

A)shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
B)longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
C)about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters
D)shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
E)longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 60

Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is typically used to

A)increase heart rate.
B)decrease heart rate.
C)produce vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries.
D)produce vasodilation of blood vessels of skeletal muscle.
E)produce bronchodilation.

Question 61

Autonomic function receives input from all these except

A)spinal cord.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)hypothalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 62

nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

A)Facial
B)Trigeminal
C)Vagus
D)Celiac
E)Splanchnic

Question 63

Which of the following is associated with the "flight or fight" reaction?

A)pupillary constriction
B)glycogen synthesis
C)increased gastric motility
D)reduced urinary output
E)reduced heart rate