Deck 5: Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Question 1

A student drops his notes, and his papers scatter. The fact that the papers scatter and do not remain neatly stacked is an illustration of

A)the first law of thermodynamics.
B)an increase in entropy.
C)the second law of thermodynamics.
D)both A and B
E)both B and C

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Nerve impulses travel along the neurons by the opening of channels that allow sodium ions to flow inward followed by an outward flow of potassium ions. In order to ensure that the impulse may be produced at any time, sodium is actively transported out of the cell, and potassium is transported into the cell by the sodium/potassium pump. Which of the following types of work is performed by the sodium/potassium pump?

A)synthetic
B)bioluminescence
C)electrical
D)mechanical
E)concentration

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Muscle contraction is an example of which of the following types of work?

A)bioluminescence
B)heat
C)electrical
D)mechanical
E)concentration

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The statement, "Energy is neither created or destroyed," describes

A)the first law of thermodynamics.
B)enthalpy.
C)the law of conservation of energy.
D)the second law of thermodynamics.
E)both A and C

Question 5

In a cell, the concentration of glucose- 6- phosphate is 83 µM and fructose- 6- phosphate is 14 µM. The OG°' = 410 cal/mol for the conversion of glucose- 6- phosphate to fructose- 6- phosphate. Based upon this information, the OG' for this reaction (in cal/mol)is

A)644.
B)0.
C)27.
D)- 644.
E)- 63.7.

Question 6

Oxidation

A)is when oxygen is added and energy released.
B)involves the removal of oxygen atoms.
C)is endothermic.
D)occurs when an atom accepts electrons.
E)both B and C

Question 7

Which of the following is a phototroph?

A)an earthworm
B)bacteria growing on decomposing matter
C)a mushroom
D)a person
E)a tree

Question 8

Under the conditions of a given reaction, a positive OG' means

A)the reaction is spontaneous.
B)work can be done.
C)the reaction will not occur.
D)the reaction is at equilibrium.
E)no energy needs to be added.

Question 9

A spontaneous reaction

A)has an overall positive free energy change.
B)could occur, but might take a very long time.
C)has to occur immediately.
D)will never occur.
E)is associated exclusively with homeothermic organisms.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a basic need of the cell?

A)100% efficiency
B)chemical catalysts
C)information
D)molecular building blocks
E)energy

Question 11

In a chemical reaction, the standard free energy change (OG°')is calculated to be 3.67 cal/mol. What can be said of the chemical reaction?

A)The reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions.
B)Products predominate over reactants at equilibrium under standard conditions.
C)There can be no reaction.
D)The reaction is at equilibrium under standard conditions.
E)The reaction goes spontaneously to the right under standard conditions.

Question 12

In a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium, the concentration of X (the reactant)is 0.75 moles/liter, and the concentration of Y (the product)is 2.25 moles/liter. At 25° C, what would be the Keq?

A)37.5
B)1.69
C)3.0
D)1.50
E)0.33

Question 13

When OG' = 0 in a chemical reaction, under the conditions

A)reactants and products are at equilibrium.
B)the reaction is spontaneous to the left.
C)work can be done; energy is required.
D)no work can be done; no energy is required.
E)both A and D

Question 14

When the OG°' of a chemical reaction is positive (K'eq < 1.0)under standard conditions,

A)work can be done under these conditions.
B)reactants and products are at equilibrium.
C)the reaction is exothermic.
D)reactants predominate over products.
E)the reaction is spontaneous to the right.

Question 15

Bioenergetics can be simply defined as

A)applied thermodynamics.
B)holding constant the variables in the universe.
C)the units in which energy is expressed.
D)the application of biological principles to physics.
E)a subdivision of biology.

Question 16

Which of the following types of work involves a change in position of the cell or a cell structure?

A)bioluminescent
B)mechanical
C)concentration
D)synthetic
E)electrical

Question 17

The voodoo lily (Sauromatum gattatum)is able to

A)emit a foul odor to attract pollinators.
B)trick the pollinators into thinking it is rotting meat.
C)utilize metabolic heat.
D)be pollinated by flies.
E)all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is defined as "heat content?"

A)solar radiation
B)enthalpy
C)energy output
D)entropy
E)heat loss

Question 19

Matter and energy flow through the biosphere. The flow of matter, however, differs from the flow of energy. Which of the following statements accurately describes these differences?

A)Matter does not accompany energy as it enters the biosphere, but it does flow with energy from the biosphere.
B)Matter flows in cycles, whereas energy flows in one direction.
C)Energy flows as organic molecules are reduced to inorganic molecules, but matter does not.
D)Energy flows from chemotrophs to phototrophs, whereas matter flows from phototrophs to chemotrophs.
E)Matter and energy flow sometimes in cycles, sometimes unidirectionally.

Question 20

A negative free energy change indicates that

A)energy must be added to the reaction before it can proceed.
B)the reaction is at equilibrium.
C)the reaction is not possible.
D)the reaction is exothermic.
E)the reactant is predominant at equilibrium.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the value OH?

A)OH = OE + O(PV)
B)OH is change in heat content.
C)OH is change in enthalpy.
D)A reaction with a positive OH value is exothermic.
E)In biology, OH is basically the same as OE.

Question 22

The steady state so vital to life is possible because

A)the cell continually takes up energy from the environment.
B)all reactions are exothermic.
C)all cells are autotrophic.
D)the cell cannot convert energy from one form to another.
E)all reactions are at equilibrium.

Question 23

Any process that results in an increase in the free energy of the system is called .

Question 24

Energy is important to life forms because

A)it is required to do work.
B)all life forms require a continuous supply of it.
C)it is required to make specific alterations in the cell.
D)both A and B
E)choices A, B, and C

Question 25

Which process involves an increase in entropy of the system?

A)combustion of paper
B)formation of raindrops
C)freezing of ice
D)synthesis of cellulose
E)any spontaneous process

Question 26

Photosynthesis is an important process that

A)uses water and carbon dioxide as reactants.
B)is performed by organisms living near deep- ocean thermal vents.
C)only plants can perform.
D)produces oxidized products.
E)is performed by heterotrophs.

Question 27

Fireflies have the ability to convert the energy in ATP to light. Which of the following types of work is performed by the firefly?

A)mechanical
B)electrical
C)heat
D)concentration
E)bioluminescence

Question 28

Any process that results in a decrease in the free energy of the system is called .

Question 29

A _ _ is the amount of energy required to warm 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

Question 30

Fermentation is a process that proceeds without oxygen. Such a process can be described as
.

Question 31

A _ is an organism that requires the intake of chemical compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 32

In a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the concentration of R (the reactant)is 3.0 moles/liter and the concentration of P (the product)is 0.9 moles/liter. At 25°C, what would be the Keq?

A)0.3
B)37.5
C)1.0
D)3.0
E)1.5

Question 33

Aerobic refers to what property of chemotrophs?

A)Chemotrophs use, but do NOT require oxygen.
B)Heat losses occur in the presence of oxygen.
C)Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy.
D)Fermentation releases great amounts of gas, but only in chemotrophs.
E)Chemotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the air.

Question 34

Which is NOT true of phototrophs?

A)They store energy as glucose.
B)They can be bacteria.
C)They capture light energy.
D)They provide energy for chemotrophs.
E)They never function as autotrophs.

Question 35

Animals that regulate their body temperature independent of the environment are called

A)abiotherms.
B)homeotherms.
C)biotherms.
D)heterotherms.
E)poikilotherms.

Question 36

The statement, "The total amount of energy in the universe is constant," is a tenet of

A)entropy.
B)enthalpy.
C)thermodynamic spontaneity.
D)the first law of thermodynamics.
E)the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 37

is the partial measure of the internal energy of a system; also known as heat content.

Question 38

In a biochemical reaction, reactants may be converted into products. The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following?

A)OS
B)temperature
C)TOS
D)Keq
E)OG