Deck 6: Language and Thought

Question 1

Propositions are

A) Grammatical phrase structures
B) Meaningful statements that refer to the world
C) Statements of pragmatic intent
D) Deep structures that unify at least two surface phrase structures

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What aspects of problem solving does the Towers of Hanoi task tap?

Answer 2

Although the Towers of Hanoi is an artificial puzzle, it resembles real-life problem-solving in basic ways, such as having a starting state, a goal state, and a branching tree structure of steps going from one to the other.

Question 3

Brain imaging studies have shown that the classic language models by Broca and Wernicke

A) Were based on brain injury cases that do not apply to normal individuals
B) Were found to be broadly accurate, though recent models have refined the regions believed to be involved
C) Were inaccurate and need to be revised
D) Continue to be best for current studies of language.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Conscious goals along with conscious steps for getting from a starting point to the goal is a characteristic of

A) Internal problem solving
B) External problem solving
C) Implicit problem solving
D) Explicit problem solving

Question 5

A researcher is advertising for chess experts, and people who have never played chess. You decide that s/he is probably planning to study

A) Pattern recognition
B) How experts use 'chunking' to solve problems
C) How working memory processes may differ according to one's level of expertise
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the below is involved in the planning and production of speech?

A) Accessing conceptual representations
B) Encoding grammatical forms
C) Phonological encoding
D) All of the above

Question 7

What are the two brain areas that are typically included in a "Classical Theory" of language organization in the brain? Where are they located?

Question 8

The statement "Language is not unitary" means that

A) There are no units in language
B) Modern brain imaging techniques have broken down classical unified models into many fragmentary models
C) There are multiple stages of language processing, which tend to activate different brain regions
D) In different cultures humans learn their native language at different stages of development

Question 9

The "meaning" of words is referred to as______ while "grammar" is referred to as______.

A) Prosody, logistics
B) Syntax , prosody
C) Logistics, semantics
D) Semantics, syntax

Question 10

A good analogy for problem solving is

A) Finding a path through a maze
B) Playing a game of chess
C) Following directions in a cookbook
D) Outlining a chapter in a textbook

Question 11

________ is a useful way to work around the capacity limits of immediate memory.

A) Sensory memory
B) Mental effort
C) Selective attention
D) Chunking

Question 12

Implicit thinking appears to play a central role on human thinking and problem solving. Provide an everyday example of implicit thinking.

Question 13

Compared to _____, involves greater executive control, frequent conscious access, and the recruitment of many cortical regions in goal pursuit.

A) Explicit problem solving, implicit problem solving
B) Implicit problem solving, explicit problem solving
C) External problem solving, internal problem solving
D) Internal problem solving, external problem solving