Deck 10: Motor Speech Disorders

Question 1

is an idiopathic condition that results in unilateral damage to the facial nerve that usually resolves spontaneously. Flaccid dysarthria is usually mild, with mild articulatory imprecision as the primary speech characteristic.

A) Bell's palsy
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Progressive bulbar palsy
D) Muscular dystrophy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The originates in the primary motor cortex and is responsible for rapid, discrete, volitional movement of the limbs and articulators for speech.

A) Indirect activation pathway
B) Extrapyramidal tract
C) Pyramidal tract
D) A & C

Answer 2

C

Question 3

is a neurological disease that causes degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in flaccid paralysis of muscles and eventual muscle atrophy. Speech sounds weak, hypernasal, monpitched, and articulation is imprecise.

A) Myasthenia gravis
B) Progressive bulbar palsy
C) Bell's palsy
D) Muscular dystrophy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Describe the motor speech production process beginning with the motor plan.

Question 5

Which of the following speech domains may be affected in dysarthria?

A) Phonation
B) Articulation
C) Resonance
D) Respiration
E) All of the above

Question 6

is a category of dysarthria that typically results from bilateral upper motor neuron lesions in the cerebral hemispheres or a single lesion in the brain stem. Reflexes become more hyperactive, muscle tone increases at rest, and there is increased resistance to passive stretch.

A) Flaccid dysarthria
B) Hyperkinetic dysarthria
C) Spastic dysarthria
D) Ataxic dysarthria

Question 7

The direct and indirect activation pathways form the .

Question 8

The consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

A) Central nervous system
B) Vertebral column
C) Peripheral nervous system
D) Brain stem

Question 9

is a category of dysarthria that usually results from lesions in the cranial and spinal nerves or in the muscle unit itself. May result in reduced respiratory drive for speech breathing, continuously breathy voice quality, reduced pitch and loudness levels, monopitch, hypernasality, and imprecise articulation.

A) Hypokinetic dysarthria
B) Spastic dysarthria
C) Flaccid dysarthria
D) Hyperkinetic dysarthria

Question 10

How do the basal ganglia modulate motor activity?

Question 11

The frontal lobes house the

A) Primary motor cortex
B) Basal ganglia
C) Direct activation pathway
D) A & B

Question 12

is an autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction. It is characterized by rapid weakening of the muscles due to inadequate transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles, but strength is regained quickly after a short period of rest. Imprecise articulation and hypernasality gets worse with prolonged speaking but dramatically improves with 1-2 minutes' rest.

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Bell's palsy
C) Progressive bulbar palsy
D) Myasthenia gravis

Question 13

is a category of dysarthria that is due to damage in the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuitry. It results in incoordination and reduced muscle tone.

A) Hyperkinetic dysarthria
B) Ataxic dysarthria
C) Hypokinetic dysarthria
D) Spastic dysarthria

Question 14

are visible, isolated twitches in resting muscle due to spontaneous firing of nerve impulses in response to nerve degeneration.

A) Neural firings
B) Fasciculations
C) Discrete activations
D) Vacillations

Question 15

The nerves are especially important for breathing purposes, whereas the majority of _ nerves are important for breathing purposes.

Question 16

What are the speech characteristics associated with spastic dysarthria?

Question 17

Special control systems in the govern breathing for life.

Question 18

What is muscular dystrophy and how does it affect speech?

Question 19

Dysarthria can affect the

A) Timing of movement
B) Range of movement
C) Speed of movement
D) All of the above

Question 20

The is important for regulating reflexes and maintaining posture and muscle tone, providing the necessary framework to facilitate movement.

A) Pyramidal tract
B) Extrapyramidal tract
C) Direct activation pathway
D) A & B

Question 21

For individuals who recover after acquiring apraxia of speech, which is the most common residual deficit?

A) Difficulty socializing
B) Articulation of nasal consonants
C) Prosodic abnormalities
D) None of the above

Question 22

How might acquiring dysarthria change an adult's life?

Question 23

The following is noted in an oral peripheral mechanism evaluation:

A) Range, force, speed, and direction of the jaw, lips, and tongue during movement
B) Movement of the jaw, tongue, lips, and soft palate
C) Symmetry, configuration, color, and general appearance of the face, jaw, lips, tongue, teeth, and hard and soft palate at rest
D) All of the above

Question 24

What is Huntington's chorea? Describe the speech and motor characteristics, as well as effects on mood and personality.

Question 25

What are the speech characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria?

Question 26

What are the purposes of the motor speech evaluation?

Question 27

is an idiopathic degenerative neurological disease that results in hypokinetic dysarthria in 90% of cases.

A) Huntington's chorea
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Parkinson disease
D) Myasthenia gravis

Question 28

What speech tasks might be used for differential diagnosis of apraxia of speech?

Question 29

is a congenital disorder that causes dysarthria in children. It causes abnormal muscle tone, loss of selective motor control, muscle weakness, and impaired balance.

A) Childhood apraxia of speech
B) Down syndrome
C) Fragile X syndrome
D) Cerebral palsy

Question 30

Which of the following are abnormal involuntary movements that may be seen in hyperkinetic dysarthria?

A) Chorea
B) Tics
C) Dystonia
D) All of the above

Question 31

What are the speech and movement characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?

Question 32

In , individuals have increased muscle tone, exaggerated stretch reflex, and motor movements may be jerky, stiff, labored, and slow.

A) Athetoid cerebral palsy
B) Ataxic cerebral palsy
C) Spastic cerebral palsy
D) Flaccid cerebral palsy

Question 33

is a neurological speech disorder that generally occurs following damage to the left cerebral hemisphere, particularly motor and premotor areas. Speech is characterized by groping attempts to find the correct articulatory position, great variability over repeated attempts, sound substitutions, omissions, additions, and difficulty sequencing sounds in multisyllabic words.

A) Aphasia
B) Dementia
C) Apraxia of speech
D) Dysarthria

Question 34

In , individuals have slow, involuntary writhing. Movement is disorganized and uncoordinated, and speech and breathing problems can be significant.

A) Athetoid cerebral palsy
B) Ataxic cerebral palsy
C) Spastic cerebral palsy
D) Flaccid cerebral palsy

Question 35

In , movement is uncoordinated and balance is disturbed.

A) Athetoid cerebral palsy
B) Ataxic cerebral palsy
C) Spastic cerebral palsy
D) Flaccid cerebral palsy

Question 36

In , both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate, causing mixed flaccid and spastic dysarthria.

A) Primary progressive aphasia
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Traumatic brain injury
D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 37

results in slow movements with reduced range of motion due to the effects of rigidity. The most common cause is a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain stem, which prevents proper functioning of the basal ganglia.

A) Hypokinetic dysarthria
B) Ataxic dysarthria
C) Flaccid dysarthria
D) Hyperkinetic dysarthria

Question 38

What are options for education and employment for those with cerebral palsy?

Question 39

is a category of dysarthria that is due to damage of the basal ganglia circuitry; the indirect pathway and/or structures of the basal ganglia that help to inhibit unwanted movements are damaged.

A) Hypokinetic dysarthria
B) Flaccid dysarthria
C) Hyperkinetic dysarthria
D) Ataxic dysarthria

Question 40

What are the speech and motor characteristics of ataxic dysarthria?

Question 41

Which techniques can be used to improve respiratory drive?

A) Using a pausing/phrasing strategy
B) Using an abdominal binder
C) Using a palatal lift
D) A & B
E) B & C

Question 42

is an effective treatment for acquired apraxia of speech. It involves a hierarchy of cueing to help a client retrain his or her motor planning/programming abilities.

A) Contrasting stress therapy
B) Melodic intonation therapy
C) Integral stimulation
D) None of the above

Question 43

are not recommended as a treatment technique for motor speech disorders.

Question 44

Intensive, repetitive speech production drill practice with meaningful words and phrases is an effective way to increase

A) Articulatory accuracy
B) Speech intelligibility
C) A & B
D) None of the above