Exam 10: Motor Speech Disorders

is a category of dysarthria that typically results from bilateral upper motor neuron lesions in the cerebral hemispheres or a single lesion in the brain stem. Reflexes become more hyperactive, muscle tone increases at rest, and there is increased resistance to passive stretch.

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Question 1

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How might acquiring dysarthria change an adult's life?

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For some, even a slight speech abnormality can be cause for embarrassment and depression. In more severe cases, individuals may be frustrated as loved ones and acquaintances attempt to communicate for them by finishing their sentences or ordering for them in restaurants. This may cause them to socialize less. In the later stages of progressive degenerative diseases, an individual with dysarthria may be unable to live independently and may need daily living assistance or institutional care.

In , individuals have slow, involuntary writhing. Movement is disorganized and uncoordinated, and speech and breathing problems can be significant.

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The consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

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Question 4

What are options for education and employment for those with cerebral palsy?

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Question 5

What is Huntington's chorea? Describe the speech and motor characteristics, as well as effects on mood and personality.

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Question 6

Describe the motor speech production process beginning with the motor plan.

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Question 7

What are the speech and movement characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?

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Question 8

The direct and indirect activation pathways form the .

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Question 9

is an autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction. It is characterized by rapid weakening of the muscles due to inadequate transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles, but strength is regained quickly after a short period of rest. Imprecise articulation and hypernasality gets worse with prolonged speaking but dramatically improves with 1-2 minutes' rest.

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Question 10

Which of the following speech domains may be affected in dysarthria?

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Question 11

How do the basal ganglia modulate motor activity?

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Question 12

is an idiopathic condition that results in unilateral damage to the facial nerve that usually resolves spontaneously. Flaccid dysarthria is usually mild, with mild articulatory imprecision as the primary speech characteristic.

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Question 13

In , both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate, causing mixed flaccid and spastic dysarthria.

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Question 14

is an effective treatment for acquired apraxia of speech. It involves a hierarchy of cueing to help a client retrain his or her motor planning/programming abilities.

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Question 15

What is muscular dystrophy and how does it affect speech?

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Question 16

is a category of dysarthria that is due to damage in the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuitry. It results in incoordination and reduced muscle tone.

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Question 17

The is important for regulating reflexes and maintaining posture and muscle tone, providing the necessary framework to facilitate movement.

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Question 18

is a neurological disease that causes degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in flaccid paralysis of muscles and eventual muscle atrophy. Speech sounds weak, hypernasal, monpitched, and articulation is imprecise.

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Question 19

The frontal lobes house the

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Question 20

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is a category of dysarthria that typically results from bilateral upper motor neuron lesions in the cerebral hemispheres or a single lesion in the brain stem. Reflexes become more hyperactive, muscle tone increases at rest, and there is increased resistance to passive stretch.

How might acquiring dysarthria change an adult's life?

In , individuals have slow, involuntary writhing. Movement is disorganized and uncoordinated, and speech and breathing problems can be significant.

The consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

What are options for education and employment for those with cerebral palsy?

What is Huntington's chorea? Describe the speech and motor characteristics, as well as effects on mood and personality.

Describe the motor speech production process beginning with the motor plan.

What are the speech and movement characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?

The direct and indirect activation pathways form the .

Which of the following speech domains may be affected in dysarthria?

How do the basal ganglia modulate motor activity?

is an idiopathic condition that results in unilateral damage to the facial nerve that usually resolves spontaneously. Flaccid dysarthria is usually mild, with mild articulatory imprecision as the primary speech characteristic.

In , both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate, causing mixed flaccid and spastic dysarthria.

is an effective treatment for acquired apraxia of speech. It involves a hierarchy of cueing to help a client retrain his or her motor planning/programming abilities.

What is muscular dystrophy and how does it affect speech?

is a category of dysarthria that is due to damage in the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuitry. It results in incoordination and reduced muscle tone.

The is important for regulating reflexes and maintaining posture and muscle tone, providing the necessary framework to facilitate movement.

is a neurological disease that causes degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in flaccid paralysis of muscles and eventual muscle atrophy. Speech sounds weak, hypernasal, monpitched, and articulation is imprecise.

The frontal lobes house the

The Field, the Professionals and the Clients

Typical and Disordered Communication

Overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Production Mechanism

Childhood Language Impairments

Developmental Literacy Impairments

Adult Language Impairments

Fluency Disorders

Voice and Resonance Disorders

Disorders of Articulation and Phonology

Disorders of Swallowing

Audiology and Hearing Loss

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

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