Deck 11: Analysis of Variance

Question 1

SCENARIO 11-1
An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system.Four software
packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available.The airline will choose the package that bumps
as few passengers as possible during a month.An experiment is set up in which each package is used
to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks.(A total of 20 weeks was included in the
experiment.)The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the
following Excel output:
Referring to Scenario 11-1, the total degrees of freedom is

A) 3
B) 4
C) 16
D) 19

Answer 1

D

Question 2

SCENARIO 11-1
An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system.Four software
packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available.The airline will choose the package that bumps
as few passengers as possible during a month.An experiment is set up in which each package is used
to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks.(A total of 20 weeks was included in the
experiment.)The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the
following Excel output:
Referring to Scenario 11-1, the within groups degrees of freedom is

A) 3
B) 4
C) 16
D) 19

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis is always

A) there is no difference in the population means.
B) there is some treatment effect.
C) all the population means are different.
D) some of the population means are different.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

True or False: In a one-factor ANOVA analysis, the among sum of squares and within sum of
squares must add up to the total sum of squares.

Question 5

True or False: If you are comparing the mean sales among 3 different brands you are dealing
with a three-way ANOVA design.

Question 6

True or False: The analysis of variance (ANOVA)tests hypotheses about the population
variance.

Question 7

True or False: When the F test is used for ANOVA, the rejection region is always in the right
tail.

Question 8

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the among group degrees of freedom is

A) 3
B) 4
C) 12
D) 16

Question 9

True or False: The MSE must always be positive.

Question 10

An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system.Four software
Packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available.The airline will choose the package that
Bumps the fewest mean number of passengers as possible during a month.An experiment is set
Up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks.(A total of
20 weeks was included in the experiment.)The number of passengers bumped each week is
Given below.How should the data be analyzed?

A) F test for differences in variances.
B) One-way ANOVA F test.
C) t test for the differences in means.
D) t test for the mean difference.

Question 11

When would you use the Tukey-Kramer procedure?

A) To test for normality.
B) To test for homogeneity of variance.
C) To test independence of errors.
D) To test for differences in pairs of means.

Question 12

SCENARIO 11-1
An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system.Four software
packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available.The airline will choose the package that bumps
as few passengers as possible during a month.An experiment is set up in which each package is used
to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks.(A total of 20 weeks was included in the
experiment.)The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the
following Excel output:
Referring to Scenario 11-1, at a significance level of 1%,

A) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of customers bumped by the 4 packages are not all the same.
B) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of customers bumped by the 4 packages are all the same.
C) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of customers bumped by the 4 packages are not all the same.
D) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of customers bumped by the 4 packages are all the same.

Question 13

In a one-way ANOVA

A) an interaction term is present.
B) an interaction effect can be tested.
C) there is no interaction term.
D) the interaction term has (c - 1) (n - 1) degrees of freedom.

Question 14

The F test statistic in a one-way ANOVA is

A) MSW/MSA.
B) SSW/SSA.
C) MSA/MSW.
D) SSA/SSW.

Question 15

Which of the following components in an ANOVA table are not additive?

A) Sum of squares.
B) Degrees of freedom.
C) Mean squares.
D) It is not possible to tell.

Question 16

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the within group mean squares is

A) 0.0985
B) 0.2910
C) 1.0606
D) 1.1825

Question 17

SCENARIO 11-1
An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system.Four software
packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available.The airline will choose the package that bumps
as few passengers as possible during a month.An experiment is set up in which each package is used
to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks.(A total of 20 weeks was included in the
experiment.)The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the
following Excel output:
Referring to Scenario 11-1, the among-group (between-group)mean squares is

A) 8.525
B) 70.8
C) 212.4
D) 637.2

Question 18

In a one-way ANOVA, if the computed F statistic is greater than the critical F value you may .

Question 19

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the within group sum of squares is

A) 1.0606
B) 1.1825
C) 3.1819
D) 4.3644

Question 20

A completely randomized design

A) has only one factor with several treatment groups.
B) can have more than one factor, each with several treatment groups.
C) has one factor and one block.
D) has one factor and one block and multiple values.

Question 21

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the test is less sensitive to the assumption that the population of speeds has the same variance for the 4 brands because the sample sizes of the 4
brands are equal.

Question 22

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.05, the retailer would decide that the 3 means other than the mean for
Tornado are not significantly different from each other.

Question 23

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the value of the test statistic for Levene's test for homogeneity of
Variances is

A) 0.25
B) 0.37
C) 4.36
D) 10.76

Question 24

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the critical value of Levene's test for homogeneity of variances at a
5% level of significance is

A) 0.64
B) 2.48
C) 3.29
D) 3.49

Question 25

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the test is robust to the violation of the assumption that
the population of speeds is normally distributed.

Question 26

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.05, the retailer would decide that the mean speed for the Tornado brand
is significantly different from each of the mean speeds for other brands.

Question 27

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the p-value of the test statistic for Levene's test for homogeneity of
Variances is

A) 0.25
B) 0.64
C) 0.86
D) 3.49

Question 28

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the null hypothesis for Levene's test for homogeneity of variances is

Question 29

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.05, the retailer would decide that there is a significant difference
between all pairs of mean speeds.

Question 30

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the decision made implies that all 4 means are
significantly different.

Question 31

SCENARIO 11-3
Referring to Scenario 11-3, the null hypothesis for Levene's test for homogeneity of variances is

Question 32

SCENARIO 11-3
Referring to Scenario 11-3, the sporting goods retailer decided to compare the 4 treatment means
by using the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall level of significance of 0.05.There are
________ pairwise comparisons that can be made.

Question 33

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
Referring to Scenario 11-4, construct the ANOVA table from the sample data.

Question 34

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom for Levene's test
For homogeneity of variances at a 5% level of significance are, respectively,

A) 3, 12
B) 12, 3
C) 3, 15
D) 15, 3

Question 35

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the test is valid only if the population of speeds is
normally distributed.

Question 36

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2, what should be the decision for the Levene's test for homogeneity of
Variances at a 5% level of significance?

A)Reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is smaller than the level of significance.
B)Reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is larger than the level of significance.
C)Do not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is smaller than the level of
Significance.
D)Do not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is larger than the level of
Significance.

Question 37

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.05, the retailer would decide that there is no significant difference
between any pair of mean speeds.

Question 38

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the test is valid only if the population of speeds has the
same variance for the 4 brands.

Question 39

SCENARIO 11-3
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-3, the null hypothesis should be rejected at a 5% level of
significance.

Question 40

SCENARIO 11-2
A realtor wants to compare the mean sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four
neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D).Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and
the ratios recorded for each, as shown below.
A: 1.2, 1.1, 0.9, 0.4 C: 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 1.3
B: 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6 D: 0.8, 1.3, 1.1, 0.7
Interpret the results of the analysis summarized in the following table:
Referring to Scenario 11-2,

A) at the 0.05 level of significance, the mean ratios for the 4 neighborhoods are not all the same.
B) at the 0.01 level of significance, the mean ratios for the 4 neighborhoods are all the same.
C) at the 0.10 level of significance, the mean ratios for the 4 neighborhoods are not significantly different.
D) at the 0.05 level of significance, the mean ratios for the 4 neighborhoods are not significantly different from 0.

Question 41

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, the decision made at 0.005 level of significance
implies that all 3 means are significantly different.

Question 42

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, the test is valid only if the population of crop yields
has the same variance for the 3 varieties.

Question 43

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.01, the agronomist would decide that there is a significant difference
between the crop yield of Smith and Walsh seeds.

Question 44

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.01, the agronomist would decide that there is a significant difference
between the crop yield of Smith and Trevor seeds.

Question 45

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, the null hypothesis should be rejected at 0.005 level of
significance.

Question 46

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, based on the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall
level of significance of 0.01, the agronomist would decide that there is a significant difference
between the crop yield of Walsh and Trevor seeds.

Question 47

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
Referring to Scenario 11-4, state the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Question 48

SCENARIO 11-5
Referring to Scenario 11-5, the null hypothesis for Levene's test for homogeneity of variances is

Question 49

SCENARIO 11-5
Referring to Scenario 11-5, the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom of the test ratio
are ________ and ________, respectively.

Question 50

SCENARIO 11-5
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-5, if a level of significance of 0.05 is chosen, the
decision made indicates that all 5 locations have different mean occupancy rates.

Question 51

SCENARIO 11-5
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-5, if a level of significance of 0.05 is chosen, the
decision made indicates that at least 2 of the 5 locations have different mean occupancy rates.

Question 52

SCENARIO 11-9
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers.This
phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40
undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment.Each subject was asked to
administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile
score.Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the
researchers.The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker,
each at two levels.Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker.Success of the
test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%.Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2
x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds)between the end of the test and the
delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured.(This variable is
called the latency to feedback.)The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following
results.
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a
Complex, multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different
Building signs (building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require
To reach their destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside
Or outside the building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and
Starting locations, and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.How
Should the data be analyzed?

A) Completely randomized design
B) Randomized block design
C) 2 x 2 factorial design
D) Levene's test

Question 53

SCENARIO 11-5
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-5, if a level of significance of 0.05 is chosen, the null
hypothesis should be rejected.

Question 54

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
Referring to Scenario 11-4, the agronomist decided to compare the 3 treatment means by using
the Tukey-Kramer procedure with an overall level of significance of 0.01.There are ________
pairwise comparisons that can be made.

Question 55

SCENARIO 11-5
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-5, the total mean squares is 261.90.

Question 56

SCENARIO 11-9
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers.This
phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40
undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment.Each subject was asked to
administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile
score.Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the
researchers.The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker,
each at two levels.Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker.Success of the
test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%.Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2
x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds)between the end of the test and the
delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured.(This variable is
called the latency to feedback.)The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following
results.
Referring to Scenario 11-9, at the 0.01 level, what conclusions can you reach from the
Analysis?

A) At the 0.01 level, subject visibility and test taker success are significant predictors of latency feedback.
B) At the 0.01 level, the model is not useful for predicting latency to feedback.
C) At the 0.01 level, there is evidence to indicate that subject visibility and test taker success interact.
D) At the 0.01 level, there is no evidence of interaction between subject visibility and test taker success.

Question 57

SCENARIO 11-9
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers.This
phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40
undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment.Each subject was asked to
administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile
score.Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the
researchers.The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker,
each at two levels.Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker.Success of the
test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%.Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2
x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds)between the end of the test and the
delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured.(This variable is
called the latency to feedback.)The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following
results.
Referring to Scenario 11-9, what type of experimental design was employed in this study?

A) Completely randomized design with 4 treatments
B) Randomized block design with four treatments and 10 blocks
C) 2 x 2 factorial design with 10 observations
D) None of the above

Question 58

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, the degrees of freedom for the different building signs (factor A)
Is

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 8

Question 59

SCENARIO 11-4
Analysis of Variance 11-15
True or False: Referring to Scenario 11-4, the test is valid only if the population of crop yields is
normally distributed for the 3 varieties.

Question 60

SCENARIO 11-9
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers.This
phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40
undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment.Each subject was asked to
administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile
score.Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the
researchers.The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker,
each at two levels.Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker.Success of the
test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%.Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2
x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds)between the end of the test and the
delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured.(This variable is
called the latency to feedback.)The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following
results.
Referring to Scenario 11-9, in the context of this study, interpret the statement: "Subject
Visibility and test taker success interact."

A) The difference between the mean feedback time for visible and nonvisible subjects depends on the success of the test taker.
B) The difference between the mean feedback time for test takers scoring in the top 20% and bottom 20% depends on the visibility of the subject.
C) The relationship between feedback time and subject visibility depends on the success of the test taker.
D) All of the above are correct interpretations.

Question 61

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, what assumption(s)need(s)to be made in order to conduct the
Test for differences between the mean charges of foreign and USA medical school graduates?

A) There is no significant interaction effect between the area of primary specialty and the medical school on the doctors' mean charges.
B) The charges in each group of doctors sampled are drawn from normally distributed populations.
C) The charges in each group of doctors sampled are drawn from populations with equal variances.
D) All of the above are necessary assumptions.

Question 62

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, interpret the test for interaction.

A) There is insufficient evidence to say at the 0.10 level of significance that the difference between the mean charges for foreign and USA graduates depends on primary specialty.
B) There is sufficient evidence to say at the 0.10 level of significance that the difference between the mean charges for foreign and USA graduates depends on primary specialty.
C) There is sufficient evidence at the 0.10 level of significance of a difference between the mean charges for foreign and USA medical graduates.
D) There is sufficient evidence to say at the 0.10 level of significance that mean charges depend on both primary specialty and medical school.

Question 63

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, the F test statistic for testing the interaction effect between the
Types of signs and the starting location is

A) 0.0109
B) 2.7844
C) 3.1742
D) 5.3176

Question 64

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, what degrees of freedom should be used to determine the critical
Value of the F ratio against which to test for differences between the mean charges of foreign and
USA medical school graduates?

Question 65

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, what degrees of freedom should be used to determine the critical
Value of the F ratio against which to test for differences in the mean charges for doctors among
The four primary specialty areas?

Question 66

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, at 10% level of significance,

A) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different starting locations depends on the types of signs.
B) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different types of signs depends on the starting locations.
C) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different starting locations does not depend on the types of signs.
D) None of the above.

Question 67

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, the mean squares for starting location (factor B)is

A) 48
B) 4,413.17
C) 12,288
D) 14,008.3

Question 68

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, is there evidence of a difference between the mean charges of
Foreign and USA medical school graduates?

Question 69

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, what was the total number of doctors included in the study?

A) 20
B) 40
C) 159
D) 160

Question 70

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, the F test statistic for testing the main effect of types of signs is

A) 0.0109
B) 2.7844
C) 3.1742
D) 5.3176

Question 71

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, the within (error)degrees of freedom is

A) 1
B) 4
C) 8
D) 11

Question 72

SCENARIO 11-11
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)are attempting to
show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company.The physician believes that
certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others.One theory is that Primary Specialty is an
important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians.To investigate this, the president
obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties -
General Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)- and
recorded the total charges per member per month for each.A second factor which the president
believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA
medical school graduate.The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean
charges than USA graduates.To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign
medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above.So information on
charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates)was obtained for each of
the 4 specialties.The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
Referring to Scenario 11-11, what degrees of freedom should be used to determine the critical
Value of the F ratio against which to test for interaction between the two factors?

Question 73

SCENARIO 11-10
A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,
multilevel building on campus.Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs
(building maps versus wall signage)affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their
destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the
building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,
and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.An Excel output of the
appropriate analysis is given below:
Referring to Scenario 11-10, at 1% level of significance,

A) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different starting locations depends on the types of signs.
B) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different types of signs depends on the starting locations.
C) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the relationship between traveling time and the types of signs depends on the starting locations.
D) All of the above.