Deck 4: Management and Diversity

Question 1

A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Diversity in the managerial ranks can enhance decision making,but has little influence on gaining market share.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged,accepted,and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "unconscious competence" stage will be most effective in managing a diverse workforce.

Question 5

Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "conscious incompetence" stage learn how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave.

Question 6

Reverse discrimination is the term used to describe inequities affecting members of the minority group as an outcome of programs designed to assist the majority group.

Question 7

Role conflict refers to the situation in which a person has too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 8

Gender-role stereotypes are negative perceptions of women based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for them.

Question 9

The multicultural approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics.

Question 10

The belief that one's own group,culture,country,or customs are superior to that of others is known as ethnocentrism.

Question 11

The assimilation approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization.

Question 12

The culture-specific approach to encouraging diversity gives employees a genuine appreciation for the culture they are about to encounter.

Question 13

The term "majority group" does not necessarily refer to the group with a numerical majority.

Question 14

The glass ceiling refers to an invisible "ceiling," or a barrier to advancement for minorities in organizations.

Question 15

The major advantage of the "Golden Rule" approach to achieving workforce diversity is that individuals approach it from their own particular frame of reference.

Question 16

The minority group in an organization lacks critical power,resources,acceptance,and social status.

Question 17

One of the advantages of a diverse workforce is that it is more resilient when faced with change.

Question 18

Including nontraditional employees in fair competition for advancement decreases the quality of management in the organization.

Question 19

"Token" employees are always given very high visibility in an organization.

Question 20

Discrimination is a preconceived judgment,opinion,or assumption about an issue,behavior,or group of people.

Question 21

A diverse workforce in a company ________.

A)alienates the company's customers
B)enhances the company's credibility with customers
C)hampers innovation and decision making
D)increases operational costs and expenditure
E)reduces the market penetration ability of the company

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true about prejudice?

A)It is a preconceived belief that one's own group is superior to that of others.
B)It is a preconceived judgment,opinion,or assumption about an issue,behavior,or group of people.
C)It is the stress of coping with membership in two cultures simultaneously.
D)It is a statistical representation of the characteristics of a given population.
E)It refers to a situation where people have too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is an instance of stereotyping?

A)Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B)PBJ Inc.only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C)Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople,as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D)The U.S.branch of Golden Dragon Productions prefers to hire Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E)Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 24

Staffing an organization with nontraditional employees ________.

A)hampers the organization's ability to withstand change
B)demotivates the minority employees in the organization
C)increases costs in the organization
D)increases customer dissatisfaction
E)improves the quality of management

Question 25

A positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes is known as ________.

A)a stereotype
B)a prejudice
C)ethnocentrism
D)tokenism
E)discrimination

Question 26

In an organization,the group of people who hold most of the positions that command decision-making power is known as the ________.

A)majority group
B)model minority
C)determinant group
D)functional group
E)working group

Question 27

The changing demographics of a population over an extended period can give managers insight into ________.

A)the future diversity management challenges
B)the future competition level in the market
C)the future price that their product will command
D)the future changes in the technological environment
E)a future legislation they will have to deal with

Question 28

The belief that one's own group,culture,country,or customers are superior to that of others is known as ________.

A)pluralism
B)bicultural stress
C)ethnocentrism
D)role conflict
E)tokenism

Question 29

Which of the following is an advantage of a diverse workforce?

A)less resilience to change
B)decreased market share
C)decreased innovation
D)decreased costs
E)lower productivity

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding the majority and minority groups in an organization?

A)The minority group can have more people than the majority group.
B)The majority group lacks power and resources compared to the minority group.
C)The top management constitutes a minority group that commands decision-making power.
D)The majority group in any organization lacks social status and acceptance.
E)The minority group possesses decision-making power in organizations.

Question 31

Being one of a very few members of a group in an organization is known as ________.

A)discrimination
B)prejudicing
C)ethnocentrism
D)tokenism
E)stereotyping

Question 32

The finance department of Lewis & Sons only accounts for 10% of the employees,but wields the decision-making power and controls resources and information.As a result,the finance department of Lewis & Sons is considered to be a ________.

A)determinant group
B)majority group
C)secondary group
D)minority group
E)model minority

Question 33

Alice is an American student of Chinese origin.Her grades fell significantly during the last semester.Disappointed with her grades,Alice's teacher told her that she should be working harder and be more dedicated to her studies as a result of her Chinese heritage.The teacher's attitude can be described as ________.

A)bicultural conflict
B)tokenism
C)stereotyping
D)ethnocentrism
E)feminism

Question 34

A Japanese organization has just moved into the United States to expand its operations there.The management of the company places significant emphasis on Japanese culture and the ways of working.As a result,even after moving to the United States,the company prefers to hire more Japanese people than Americans.The company is said to have a(n)________ attitude.

A)ethnocentric
B)objective
C)relativistic
D)subjective
E)pluralistic

Question 35

________ are statistical characteristics of a population.

A)Biographics
B)Demographics
C)Psychographics
D)Chronographics
E)Reprographics

Question 36

Treating an issue,person,or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices is known as ________.

A)tokenism
B)discrimination
C)ethnocentrism
D)bicultural conflict
E)xenocentrism

Question 37

In an organization,the group of people who lack critical power,resources,acceptance,and social status is known as the ________.

A)primary group
B)advocacy group
C)minority group
D)special interest group
E)majority group

Question 38

Which of the following is one of the demographic facts established in the Hudson Institute report?

A)Fewer women will enter the workforce.
B)The average age of the workforce will decrease.
C)The population and workforce will grow more rapidly than at any time since the 1930s.
D)The pool of young workers entering the workforce will shrink.
E)Minorities will make up a smaller share of new entrants into the labor force.

Question 39

95% of workers at Minipax Packaging Services are low-skilled workers,many of whom are from ethnic minorities.The turnover among workers is high and most decisions in the company are made by the top management,which makes up only 5% of the workforce.Which of the following statements is true for Minipax?

A)The workers form the majority group as they outnumber the top management by 19 to 1.
B)The minority group in Minipax has control of the resources and decision-making power.
C)The top management constitutes a majority group that commands decision-making power.
D)The majority group in Minipax lacks social status and acceptance.
E)The majority group in Minipax outnumbers the minority group.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is an instance of ethnocentrism?

A)Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.
B)PBJ Inc.only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.
C)Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople,as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.
D)The U.S.branch of Golden Dragon Ltd.,a Chinese company,hires Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E)Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.

Question 41

________ refers to an environment in which cultural,group,and individual differences are acknowledged,accepted,and viewed as significant contributors to the entirety.

A)Biculturalism
B)Pluralism
C)Xenocentrism
D)Ethnocentrism
E)Tokenism

Question 42

Effective diversity efforts within an organization will involve ________.

A)tying organizational rewards to managers' commitment to diversity
B)noncompliance with affirmative action and EEOC standards
C)basing the diversity strategy solely on compliance with affirmative action and EEOC policies
D)enforcing affirmative action and EEOC policies,but not providing training
E)complying with narrowly defined external policies with sporadic training

Question 43

Which of the following is true for tokenism?

A)It refers to the situation in which a person is one of few members of his or her group in an organization.
B)It refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.
C)It is the belief that one's own group,culture,country,or customs are superior to those of others.
D)It discriminates against members of the majority group in order to help groups that are underrepresented in the organization.
E)It is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.

Question 44

________ programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for underutilized or disadvantaged individuals.

A)Reverse discrimination
B)Affirmative action
C)Ethnic nepotism
D)Positive liberty
E)Social Darwinism

Question 45

When a majority group member experiences inequities as a result of programs designed to help underrepresented groups,it is called ________.

A)tokenism
B)affirmative action
C)reverse discrimination
D)pluralism
E)stereotyping

Question 46

Sally has been in the finance department of Towsend's for the past eight years and is the longest-serving employee in the department.Though she has the experience and the qualifications to become a manager,a male colleague who was not as qualified was promoted over her.Sally notices that all the management positions in the company are occupied by males,even though there are many well-qualified women in the organization.Which of the following describes the above situation?

A)double burden
B)white privilege
C)gray ceiling
D)levelling mechanism
E)glass ceiling

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic of bicultural stress?

A)role conflict
B)balanced growth
C)improved skills
D)reverse discrimination
E)pluralism

Question 48

Which of the following is true for organizations that welcome diversity?

A)A diverse organization will lead to reduced customer insight.
B)The organization will see lower productivity and increased costs as a result of this.
C)It will be difficult to develop and implement innovations to the organization's products and services.
D)Employee retention will increase,resulting in lower recruitment costs.
E)The organization will have to hire less competent employees and training costs will increase.

Question 49

Sexual harassment is a form of ________.

A)relativism
B)acculturation
C)pluralism
D)discrimination
E)bicultural stress

Question 50

A major league basketball team has more African-American players than white players.It is about to recruit five more players and the management has specifically asked the coach to ensure that three out of the five new players are white.This is causing irritation among the African-American players who want to be part of the team.This is an example of ________.

A)reverse discrimination
B)pluralism
C)tokenism
D)stereotyping
E)dualism

Question 51

As the only female copywriters in a team of twenty-three,Shania and Taylor are always a part of client meetings and public company occasions.This is an instance of ________.

A)tokenism
B)stereotyping
C)prejudicing
D)ethnocentrism
E)polycentrism

Question 52

Promoting diversity within the organization ________.

A)increases costs associated with employee retention
B)reduces the ability of the company to capture market share
C)reduces the amount spent on discrimination lawsuits
D)decreases the commitment level of employees at the lower levels
E)increases the expenses associated with turnover of employees

Question 53

When Alan went to Japan on a business assignment,he realized that the country has a longstanding tradition of people exchanging gifts during a business deal.For him,this practice was as bad as taking a bribe.What kind of a situation is Alan facing?

A)role conflict
B)bicultural stress
C)discrimination
D)the glass ceiling
E)role overload

Question 54

Which of the following is true regarding older workers?

A)They avoid working nontraditional schedules.
B)They do not make good mentors.
C)They increase benefits cost to the organization.
D)They are more open to change.
E)They have adequate technology experience.

Question 55

Perceptions about the sexes based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women ________.

A)are instances of sexual harassment
B)are gender-role stereotypes
C)are sources of pluralism
D)are indications of ethnocentrism
E)are results of bicultural stress

Question 56

Having too many expectations to comfortably fulfill is termed as ________.

A)role overload
B)role conflict
C)pluralism
D)tokenism
E)role ambiguity

Question 57

According to the Hudson Institute report,________.

A)benefits and policies for women workers must be increased
B)the United States must pay more attention to its own share of world trade and less on the growth of other economies
C)prosperity will depend upon how fast productivity grows in manufacturing
D)minority workers must be integrated into the economy,within certain limits
E)the average age of the American worker will decrease

Question 58

Which of the following is one of Sonnenfeld's findings concerning older workers?

A)They tend to be low performers.
B)They are less likely to take risks.
C)They are more open to changes.
D)They are low-cost workers.
E)They are less cautious.

Question 59

Having to fill competing roles because of membership in two cultures causes ________.

A)pluralism
B)role conflict
C)role overload
D)ethnocentrism
E)tokenism

Question 60

Ayesha is an Israeli immigrant to the United States.She works for a pharmaceutical company and is not only a gender minority,but also an ethnic minority in the company.Her peers,colleagues,and subordinates expect a lot from her.She is having a tough time fulfilling all these expectations.Ayesha is said to be facing ________.

A)role ambiguity
B)role conflict
C)role insufficiency
D)role interference
E)role overload

Question 61

The ________ approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate,"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."

A)multicultural
B)golden rule
C)assimilation
D)righting-the-wrongs
E)culture-specific

Question 62

In the area of diversity,influencing organization members means that the managers must ________.

A)establish task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B)carefully choose the work assignments to support the career development of all the employees
C)encourage and support employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment
D)set diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
E)select the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 63

The ________ approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively.

A)culture-specific
B)multicultural
C)golden rule
D)assimilation
E)righting-the-wrongs

Question 64

The ________ approach's major weakness is that individuals apply the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations,traditions,and preferences of the other person.

A)culture-specific
B)multicultural
C)golden rule
D)assimilation
E)righting-the-wrongs

Question 65

The assimilation approach to promoting cultural diversity ________.

A)relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
B)addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group
C)pressurizes employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
D)teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture
E)advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of employees

Question 66

Managerial responsibilities in the area of organizing include ________.

A)setting diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
B)establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C)setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
D)continuously monitoring the different units' progress with respect to the diversity goals
E)overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action

Question 67

Which of the following is true regarding the assimilation approach?

A)It advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of new employees.
B)It gathers the best from differing cultures and accepts a variety of viewpoints.
C)It promotes creativity in the organization by encouraging employees to share their individual cultures and world views.
D)It creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization.
E)It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions.

Question 68

In the ________ stage,managers are unaware of behaviors they engage in that are problematic for members of other groups.

A)unconscious incompetence
B)conscious incompetence
C)conscious competence
D)unconscious competence
E)controlled competence

Question 69

A manager collected data on the rate of promotions of African-American men in her division to assess the effectiveness of diversity training within the division.In doing so,she was involved in the activity of ________.

A)planning
B)influencing
C)organizing
D)controlling
E)leading

Question 70

The righting-the-wrongs approach ________.

A)teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
B)gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
C)advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
D)relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
E)addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions

Question 71

The ________ approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational performance.

A)culture-specific
B)multicultural
C)golden rule
D)assimilation
E)righting-the-wrongs

Question 72

Ruby's company,based in the United States,is not averse to recruiting people from different cultures.On the contrary,it schedules an intensive training session to help the employees from other cultures adopt and fit into the American culture.What kind of an approach does the company use to achieve effective workforce diversity?

A)assimilation approach
B)righting-the-wrongs approach
C)culture-specific approach
D)multicultural approach
E)golden rule approach

Question 73

Planning for diversity involves ________.

A)setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
B)establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C)overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action
D)evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
E)managers encouraging and supporting employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment

Question 74

Which of the following is true of the "golden rule" approach to promoting diversity?

A)It requires that people know the culture of the other person.
B)It emphasizes individual morality.
C)It is applied from an individual's frame of reference.
D)It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group.
E)It teaches employees the norms and practices of other cultures.

Question 75

The multicultural approach ________.

A)gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics
B)advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
C)creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
D)pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
E)addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group

Question 76

Eli International has just begun a recruitment drive in colleges.Hoping to increase the cultural diversity within the organization,recruiters are focusing on candidates from a number of minority communities.The organization firmly believes that different cultural viewpoints can contribute to innovation and customer insights.The company must hold training sessions with existing employees to help them welcome and understand their new colleagues.Which of the following approaches will best help the company achieve all its goals?

A)assimilation approach
B)"golden rule" approach
C)multicultural approach
D)righting-the-wrongs approach
E)culture-specific approach

Question 77

The culture-specific approach ________.

A)creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization
B)pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform to the prevailing culture
C)teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively
D)advocates change on the part of management,employees,and organization systems and structures
E)allows individuals to follow the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations,traditions,and preferences of the other person

Question 78

In the area of diversity,controlling involves ________.

A)establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B)carefully choosing work assignments to support the career development of all employees
C)evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
D)the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity efforts
E)the selection of the diversity training programs for the organization

Question 79

The process of raising managers' awareness and developing their competencies to deal with the issues endemic to managing a diverse workforce is known as ________.

A)assimilation
B)reverse discrimination
C)diversity training
D)affirmative action
E)role overload

Question 80

The approach to cultural diversity that most closely parallels affirmative action policies is the ________ approach.

A)multicultural
B)golden rule
C)assimilation
D)righting-the-wrongs
E)culture-specific