Deck 9: Adolescence: Body and Mind

Question 1

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development.
B) nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche.
C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development.
D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

A) adrenals
B) testes
C) pituitary
D) gonads

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Bill noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next growth event will probably be:

A) beard development.
B) his penis growing longer and wider.
C) spermarche.
D) voice change.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs:

A) when facial hair first appears.
B) after the weight and height spurt.
C) following growth of the penis.
D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established.

Question 5

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

A) 5; 18
B) 7; 16
C) 8; 14
D) 10; 13

Question 6

Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice:

A) initial pubic hair growth.
B) breast development.
C) her hips growing wider.
D) an increase in her shoe size.

Question 7

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called:

A) the HPA axis.
B) the brain stem.
C) hormones.
D) adrenal glands.

Question 8

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's:

A) gonads.
B) penis or uterus.
C) adrenal glands.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 9

Menarche is:

A) the beginning of growth of the uterus.
B) the first ovulation of a mature egg.
C) a girl's first menstrual period.
D) the first year of menstruation.

Question 10

The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the:

A) pituitary.
B) gonad.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thyroid.

Question 11

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the:

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) ovaries or testes.

Question 12

The period when children's bodies become adultlike is called:

A) puberty.
B) youth.
C) the growth spurt.
D) secondary sex development.

Question 13

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is:

A) an increase in weight.
B) the development of muscular strength.
C) a spurt in height.
D) the onset of nipple growth.

Question 14

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A) human growth hormones
B) follicle-stimulating hormones
C) gonadotropins
D) cortisol

Question 15

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

A) growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche.
B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche.
C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth.
D) initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis.

Question 16

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this:

A) means that he needs professional help.
B) means that he is trying to avoid them.
C) is due to changes in his brain.
D) is due to hormonal shifts.

Question 17

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym:

A) HAG pathway.
B) HAP pathway.
C) HPG axis.
D) HPA axis.

Question 18

_____ is the sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

A) Progesterone
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Adrenaline

Question 19

For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is:

A) penis growth.
B) spermarche.
C) first intercourse.
D) pubic hair.

Question 20

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the:

A) biorhythm.
B) night-day cycle.
C) sleep cycle.
D) circadian rhythm.

Question 21

Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to:

A) delay childbearing in strife-filled environments.
B) encourage stressed youth to take more risks.
C) insure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments.
D) ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast.

Question 22

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?

A) Ariel, who is in the seventh grade
B) Wilhelm, who is in the eighth grade
C) Allen, who is in the tenth grade
D) Rose, who is in the ninth grade

Question 23

Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, compared with Janet will have _____ than Carlos.

A) a lower proportion of body fat
B) a higher proportion of body fat
C) more upper body muscle
D) narrower hips

Question 24

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience:

A) welcome attention from boys her age.
B) pride that she is ahead of her friends.
C) teasing and name-calling from her classmates.
D) a better body image than her peers.

Question 25

Family conflict and stress:

A) may cause the early onset of puberty.
B) may cause the late onset of puberty.
C) typically increase after the onset of puberty.
D) typically decrease after the onset of puberty.

Question 26

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced:

A) precocious puberty.
B) abnormal hormonal fluctuations.
C) preterm menarche.
D) excessively high levels of androgens.

Question 27

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first?

A) Michelle, who is of German descent
B) Cecilia, who is of Mexican descent
C) Rebecca, who is of African descent
D) Maria, who is of Asian descent

Question 28

Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty MOST difficult is:

A) Eric, an on-time maturer.
B) Trisha, a late maturer.
C) Hans, an early maturer.
D) Katya, an early maturer.

Question 29

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow?

A) limbs
B) torso
C) ears
D) feet

Question 30

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

A) one-half
B) two-thirds
C) one-fourth
D) three-fourths

Question 31

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by:

A) increased hormone output.
B) increased muscle tissue.
C) better digestive processes.
D) the growth of the heart and lungs.

Question 32

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

A) secular trend
B) evolution
C) genetic predisposition
D) generational trend

Question 33

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is:

A) lengthening of the torso.
B) increased muscle mass.
C) growth of arms and legs.
D) growth of fingers and toes.

Question 34

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

A) attention
B) stress
C) hormones
D) diet deficiencies

Question 35

Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should:

A) match his projected size for next year.
B) cause him maximum exertion.
C) match his size from the previous year.
D) be doubled each week.

Question 36

Which hormone is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite, especially in girls?

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) lipid
D) leptin

Question 37

One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's:

A) lungs increase in weight by a factor of five.
B) heart doubles in size.
C) tonsils increase in size.
D) skin becomes darker.

Question 38

Which statement is correct?

A) There is no correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty.
B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty.
C) There is a correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty only among Native American adolescents.
D) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty.

Question 39

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with:

A) girls choosing to date younger boys.
B) girls entering into early, nurturing relationships.
C) aggression and antisocial behavior in boys.
D) boys becoming leaders in their schools.

Question 40

During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order.

A) weight, height, muscles
B) weight, muscles, height
C) height, weight, muscles
D) muscles, height, weight

Question 41

Most adolescents think about themselves:

A) rarely.
B) occasionally.
C) periodically.
D) frequently.

Question 42

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is:

A) lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition.
B) misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food.
C) altered taste buds due to hormonal surges.
D) anxiety about their body image.

Question 43

If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause?

A) the normal fluctuation of sex hormones
B) cancer
C) abnormally high levels of estrogen
D) drug abuse

Question 44

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

A) absence of menstruation
B) voluntary starvation
C) purging through vomiting or laxatives
D) distorted body image

Question 45

Changes in primary sex characteristics include:

A) growth of pubic hair and underarm hair.
B) rapid increase in height.
C) growth of the uterus or the testes.
D) deeper voices.

Question 46

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.

A) prefrontal cortex; limbic system
B) limbic system; prefrontal cortex
C) prefrontal cortex; amygdala
D) cerebellum; amygdala

Question 47

Adolescent acne is usually caused by:

A) changes in diet.
B) changes in the lymphoid system.
C) sexual frustration.
D) an increase in skin oils and sweat.

Question 48

Studies indicate that adolescents worldwide share this problem.

A) They don't get enough sleep.
B) They suffer from malnutrition.
C) They have few friends.
D) They are dissatisfied with their bodies.

Question 49

Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) degenerative organ disease.
C) anxiety.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 50

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency?

A) 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating
B) 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche
C) 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little
D) 25-year-old Ben, who has three children

Question 51

Since adolescents' prefrontal cortex is not fully developed, many of them tend to:

A) exercise caution in most situations.
B) seek new experiences.
C) make poor decisions.
D) feel excitement.

Question 52

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.

A) 1000; 300
B) 1000; 500
C) 1300; 800
D) 1300; 500

Question 53

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States.

A) 1 to 3
B) 5 to 7
C) 8 to 10
D) 11 to 13

Question 54

Over the past decade, the percentage of adolescents that consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily has:

A) increased.
B) remained stable.
C) decreased.
D) decreased, but fruit intake has increased.

Question 55

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making?

A) His limbic system is underdeveloped.
B) His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.
C) His amygdala is underdeveloped.
D) The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

Question 56

Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet?

A) magnesium and B vitamins
B) iron and calcium
C) sodium and potassium
D) vitamins A and C

Question 57

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?

A) greater exposure to germs from increased social activity
B) the shrinkage of the lymphoid system
C) the increase in sex hormones
D) the growth spurt

Question 58

Secondary sex characteristics are traits that:

A) occur later in development.
B) are not visible.
C) occur for only some people.
D) are not directly related to fertility.

Question 59

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty MOST likely suffers from:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) a degenerative organ disease.
C) anxiety.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 60

Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of:

A) reproduction.
B) weight loss.
C) giving blood.
D) sleeping fewer hours.

Question 61

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines:

A) inductive reasoning.
B) perceptual thought.
C) hypothetical thought.
D) deductive reasoning.

Question 62

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably:

A) solve the problem through a trial-and-error strategy.
B) put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale.
C) understand the inverse relationship between distance and weight.
D) put all the weights on one side of the scale.

Question 63

A 15-year-old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice it is an example of:

A) the personal fable.
B) adolescent egocentrism.
C) clothes consciousness.
D) school phobia.

Question 64

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence:

A) formal operational thought.
B) invincibility thinking.
C) metacognition.
D) concrete operational thinking.

Question 65

In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, trial- and-error problem solving was most characteristic of:

A) unrealistic thought.
B) concrete operational thought.
C) logical thought.
D) formal operational thought.

Question 66

The belief that one cannot be harmed by things that would hurt someone else is referred to as:

A) the invincibility fable.
B) the personal fable.
C) the imaginary audience.
D) deductive reasoning.

Question 67

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the:

A) belief that one is destined to have a legendary life.
B) notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex.
C) viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself.
D) view that one is noticed by everyone.

Question 68

Which statement is true?

A) Hypothetical thought is tied to the everyday world as the individual knows it.
B) Hypothetical thought is emotionally based.
C) Hypothetical thought involves imagined possibilities.
D) Hypothetical thought is an aspect of concrete operational thinking.

Question 69

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating:

A) a volatile mismatch.
B) an implicit judgment.
C) her belief in an imaginary audience.
D) the invincibility fable.

Question 70

When Piaget and Inhelder asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that:

A) preschool children tended to use logical deduction.
B) 7-year-old children used spatial relationships.
C) by age 10, children used trial-and-error strategies.
D) adolescents failed to see the complexities of the problem.

Question 71

Compared with younger children, when thinking about historical or other serious problems adolescents tend to:

A) be less consistent in their reasoning.
B) bring in more unrelated arguments.
C) consider more possibilities.
D) make judgments based only on the facts.

Question 72

One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability to:

A) reject adult thoughts and values.
B) think in terms of possibilities.
C) take another person's point of view.
D) use practical problem-solving skills.

Question 73

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents':

A) ability to understand how others perceive them.
B) belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance.
C) constant posing and posturing before mirrors.
D) belief that others are spying on them.

Question 74

Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating:

A) the personal fable.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) self-awareness.
D) the invincibility fable.

Question 75

In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age:

A) 4.
B) 7.
C) 10.
D) 14.

Question 76

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their:

A) personal fable.
B) post-operational thought.
C) moral reasoning.
D) invincibility fable.

Question 77

When adolescents fantasize about how others will react to their new hairstyle, they are creating a(n):

A) personal fable.
B) abstract audience.
C) personal identity.
D) imaginary audience.

Question 78

_____ is the theorist who coined the terms "personal fable" and "invincibility fable."

A) Erikson
B) Skinner
C) Elkind
D) Kohlberg

Question 79

Since adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special:

A) it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective.
B) it is easy for them to envision another person's perspective.
C) they embrace many points of view.
D) they believe everyone feels what they feel.

Question 80

The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in:

A) a 17-year-old boy who drives cautiously.
B) an 18-year-old girl who insists that her boyfriend use a condom.
C) young military recruits who hope to be sent into combat.
D) an adolescent who sings thinking that the neighbors must be listening.