Deck 8: Residential Community Supervision Programs

Question 1

Evaluations of RCCFs suggest that after five years, over half of the participants completed the program successfully and stayed out of trouble.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Sex offenders are not permitted to reside in halfway houses.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Two different types of staff work at a halfway house. One group is primarily involved in activities that are custody-oriented while the other group can be classified as case managers and counselors who provide the treatment and rehabilitation components.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Probation boot camps are often criticized for widening the net-choosing offenders who otherwise would have been sentenced to probation.

Question 5

Intermediate sanctions fill the gap between regular probation and prison.

Question 6

Military-style boot camps are both widely popular and widely proven to be successful.

Question 7

Most female offenders have been convicted of misdemeanors or felonies that are nonviolent property-related crimes.

Question 8

There are many types of residential community corrections facilities in the United States; however, all are now operated by private companies that are concerned only with treatment results and profit.

Question 9

In general, eligible candidates for boot camps are young repeat felony offenders convicted of various types of nonviolent offenses, and who meet minimum physical requirements.

Question 10

Restitution centers are specifically targeted to offenders who owe the court system fees and fines.

Question 11

The John P. Craine House was founded in 1878 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and was designed specifically for young male juvenile offenders convicted of violent felony offenses.

Question 12

A work ethic camp is an alternative to prison that teaches job skills and decision making using a cognitive-behavioral approach, followed by intensive supervision probation.

Question 13

Shock incarceration involves a series of electric shocks administered to offenders, intended to alter the brain waves that are thought to be related to criminality.

Question 14

If prison or correctional administrators are the key decision makers when sentencing offenders to intermediate sanctions, there is a greater tendency that they will choose offenders who should have received probation.

Question 15

Restitution centers are a type of residential community correctional facility specifically targeted for pregnant women.

Question 16

Correctional boot camp participants live in barracks, wear uniforms, use military titles, and address their drill instructors by "sir" or "ma'am."

Question 17

Currently, no one set model exists for the programs provided at halfway houses.

Question 18

Most halfway house programs have some kind of behavior modification system where more freedoms are given to those meeting the rules and expectations of the program, called a "levels system."

Question 19

Work release is a program in which offenders who reside in a facility (a community facility, jail, or prison) are released into the community only to work or attend education classes, or both.

Question 20

Halfway houses are nonresidential facilities for probationers and parolees who require a more structured setting.

Question 21

Halfway houses are residential facilities for various types of offenders, including which of the following?

A) Probationers, parolees, or those under ISP who require a more structured setting than living independently
B) Individuals awaiting trial, persons out of jail on bond, and traffic violators
C) Those convicted of only misdemeanor drug/alcohol offenses
D) Parole/probation violators, those convicted of misdemeanors, and individuals awaiting trial on misdemeanor offenses

Question 22

Which of the following would NOT be eligible for boot camps?

A) First-time offenders
B) Drug addicts
C) Nonviolent offenders
D) Physically handicapped

Question 23

Community-based punishments that provide more freedom than prison but less freedom than traditional probation are known as __________ sanctions.

A) restorative justice
B) social justice
C) intermediate
D) indeterminate

Question 24

States and local Departments of Corrections run about ______ of RCCFs.

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 25

Three keys to successful RCCF program completion are paying rent, stable employment, and

A) substance abuse counseling.
B) education.
C) mental health treatment.
D) reunification with children.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics possessed by clients who are most likely to fail in residential community corrections?

A) Drug and alcohol abuse history
B) Lack of employment
C) Lack of education
D) Violent history

Question 27

Which statement is true of halfway houses?

A) The benefits rarely outweigh the costs.
B) The benefits only outweigh the costs in low-risk offenders.
C) Sex offenders cannot reside in halfway houses.
D) The benefits outweigh the costs, especially with high-risk offenders.

Question 28

The first documented use of work release in the United States occurred during which decade?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 29

Work release programs are considered both a community corrections program and a(n) ___________ corrections program.

A) institutional
B) applied
C) reintegrative
D) retributive

Question 30

Halfway houses provide reintegration assistance, but they are primarily geared toward minimizing risk. Therefore, workers may experience role conflict, which is a clash between __________ and treatment goals.

A) rehabilitation
B) punishment
C) career advancement
D) none of these

Question 31

Residential community corrections facilities (RCCFs) cost less than jail or prison because

A) construction is conducted by community service workers.
B) grants are allocated to various communities through the NIJ.
C) offenders subsidize part of the cost.
D) they do not need as many bed spaces.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determine the amount of freedom earned by offenders residing in halfway houses?

A) Participation in psychotherapy
B) Good behavior
C) Offender's financial situation
D) Amount of time spent in the program

Question 33

Two different types of staff work at a halfway house. One group is primarily involved in activities that are custody-oriented, whereas the case managers and counselors take care of

A) treatment and rehabilitation.
B) reception and classification.
C) employment and disciplinary issues.
D) classification and release.

Question 34

A _____ is a prison-alternative residential program based on a cognitive-behavioral treatment approach.

A) work ethic camp
B) halfway house
C) boot camp
D) therapeutic community

Question 35

Which U.S. state was the first to create and implement a juvenile boot camp for offenders?

A) California
B) Pennsylvania
C) Georgia
D) Vermont

Question 36

Beginning in the 1950s, halfway houses in the United States began to provide

A) more bed spaces for parolees.
B) treatment and correctional supervision.
C) house arrest for probation violators.
D) work release programs for paroled offenders.

Question 37

In the United States, the halfway house was first implemented and used in the state of ___________.

A) Pennsylvania
B) New York
C) Connecticut
D) West Virginia

Question 38

Prison systems use halfway houses to fill the gap between

A) shock incarceration and probation.
B) parole and probation.
C) total incarceration and absolute freedom.
D) total incarceration and work release.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of residents living in RCCFs or CCCs?

A) Offenders live in the facility.
B) Offenders maintain employment or attend school.
C) Offenders keep current on rent.
D) Offenders must have a mental health issue to reside in these facilities.

Question 40

Which of the following is a form of shock incarceration?

A) A halfway house
B) A boot camp
C) A work ethic camp
D) A restitution center

Question 41

The conflict between supervisory and treatment goals is described in the __________ theory.

Question 42

_____ are residential facilities for probationers, parolees, or those under ISP supervision who require more structured settings than would be available from living independently.

Question 43

The Auburn prison system was also known as the _____ system.

Question 44

The CREST program combines a therapeutic community program with

A) probation.
B) shock incarceration.
C) parole.
D) work release.

Question 45

___________ could be considered both a type of institutional corrections and a community corrections program, given that offenders reside in a facility (a community facility, jail, or prison) but are released to the community for a short duration every day to work, attend education classes, or both.

A) Boot camps
B) Restitution centers
C) Work release
D) Therapeutic centers

Question 46

Inmate selection for work release programs is at the discretion of _____.

Question 47

Violent offenders and _________ offenders are often not permitted to participate in work release programs.

Question 48

It is important for boot camps to provide _____, in order to facilitate learning retention.

Question 49

The focus of restitution centers is

A) treatment of underlying issues that led to crime.
B) behavior modification.
C) securing stable employment to repay victim.
D) punishment to deter future illicit behavior.

Question 50

The most successful boot camps offer discipline and

A) treatment.
B) restitution opportunities.
C) hard physical labor.
D) shaming.

Question 51

Residential community corrections facilities are a popular intermediate sanction because they provide more intensive supervision than probation and parole, but they allow offenders to remain in the community and receive more __________ than they otherwise would in prison.

Question 52

Shock incarceration includes a brief period of imprisonment that is followed by ______.

Question 53

___________________________ refer to a spectrum of community supervision strategies that vary greatly in terms of supervision level and treatment capacity, ranging from diversion to short-term duration in a residential community facility.

Question 54

Offenders who are on work release and leave a work site or do not return on time will

A) be terminated from work release.
B) have a warrant issued for their arrest.
C) be ordered to pay a fine.
D) be issued a verbal warning.

Question 55

In Florida, state prisoners who are minimum-custody inmates are eligible for work release when they have ______ remaining on their sentence.

A) one year
B) 60 days
C) 10 months
D) three years

Question 56

A 120-day alternative to prison that teaches job skills and decision making using a cognitive-behavioral approach, followed by intensive supervision probation is called a ____________.

Question 57

The John P. Craine House was founded in 1978 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and is designed specifically for _____ offenders convicted of misdemeanors or nonviolent felony offenses who are caretakers of preschool-aged children.

A) male
B) female
C) elderly
D) minor

Question 58

The original _____________ program was created and implemented in the state of Ohio in 1965. It was praised for protecting the briefly incarcerated offender against absorption into the inmate culture.

Question 59

Which of the following offenders would NOT be best served by a jail work release program?

A) First-time offender
B) Employed offender
C) Violent offender
D) Offender enrolled in school

Question 60

Most halfway house programs have some kind of a behavior modification program called a(n) ________ system.

Question 61

In general, have RCCFs been successful in lowering recidivism rates in the United States? Use details from the text to justify your answer.

Question 62

You are a state legislator who is planning to build a new RCCF. The question is whether it should be mixed gender, or only for women. You have to convince your constituents whether you believe RCCFs for women are unfair to men or not. Discuss their purpose and history in your argument.

Question 63

Discuss the form and purpose of residential community corrections facilities (RCCFs).

Question 64

Boot camps are a type of __________.

Question 65

You are a juvenile judge in Nevada who has many different options open to you: work release, boot camps, and shock incarceration. Do you think one of these is more effective for young offenders than the other two? Why? Will your decisions depend on the type of offense committed? How?

Question 66

What are boot camps? Discuss their history and application.

Question 67

Work releases are very competitive programs. You are in charge of determining who gets to enter into a work release program, and have to decide how the applications are processed. Should the application process be blind? If so, how can you assure the right people will get into the program? If not, what factors do you think should be weighed more heavily when deciding who receives work release?

Question 68

You are a judge in a juvenile system in Michigan. There is a strong tradition of the restorative power of nature in your state, and a new governor is a dedicated outdoorsman and former Marine. He wants you to consider boot camps as a possible alternative. You have to write him a letter explaining the different types of boot camps that you are aware of and what your opinion is on their effectiveness.

Question 69

_____ are a type of residential community facility specifically targeted for first-time property offenders who must repay their victims or the community that they specifically harmed.

Question 70

What is "shock incarceration?" Describe an example of this from your text.

Question 71

The CREST program combines a(n) _____ with a work release program.

Question 72

Compare and contrast work release programs with restitution centers.

Question 73

You used to work in a restitution center in Houston, and have moved to Miami after a flood destroyed your home. There are many differences between them, and you have had to make many adjustments. Compare and contrast your experiences in the restitution center you came from in Texas with the new one in Miami. Is one more effective than the other in your opinion? Why?