Deck 15: Individual Behavior

Question 1

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses personalities based on a questionnaire that probes into how people act or feel in various situations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Locus of control is the belief that what happens is not within one's control.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Stereotypes are always negative and ill-intended.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The judging vs. perceiving dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses whether a person tends to be critical or compassionate.

Question 5

A person who lacks conscientiousness focuses on what can be accomplished and meets commitments.

Question 6

Impression management is the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.

Question 7

The sensing vs. intuitive dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses whether a person tends to rely on logic or emotions in dealing with problems.

Question 8

Under selective perception, information that makes us uncomfortable is screened out; comfortable information is allowed in.

Question 9

The thinking vs. feeling dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses whether a person tends to rely on logic or emotions in dealing with problems.

Question 10

Fundamental attribution error neglects internal explanations for poor-quality work.

Question 11

Cultural background, values, and other personal and situational circumstances influence perceptions.

Question 12

Authoritarianism is the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts interpersonal status differences.

Question 13

Self-serving bias creates a false sense of confidence.

Question 14

A person with a high degree of openness to experience has a low degree of curiosity.

Question 15

A halo effect often shows up in performance evaluations.

Question 16

An open person is broad-minded, receptive to new things, and comfortable with change.

Question 17

Self-serving bias explains personal success by internal causes and personal failures by external causes.

Question 18

One of the tactics of impression management is to avoid smiling when engaged in conversations as this creates personal bonds.

Question 19

The extraverted vs. introverted dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses whether a person tends to be outgoing or shy.

Question 20

Perception affects the impressions we form of ourselves, other people, and daily life experiences.

Question 21

Which of the following refers to attribution?

A) It is the set of individual expectations about an employment relationship.
B) It is the process of explaining events.
C) It is the process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from the environment.
D) It is the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view.
E) It is the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.

Question 22

Employees at Fil-it-Up often purposefully miscount the customer's change, spill drinks on the counter, and lie about how much work other employees are doing. This is an example of ____ behaviors.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 23

_____ is the process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from the environment.

A) Attribution
B) Perception
C) Projection
D) Conversion
E) Distortion

Question 24

A person with a Type A personality feels guilty when relaxing.

Question 25

A person high in self-monitoring is predictable and tends to act in a consistent way regardless of circumstances.

Question 26

Employees at Fil-it-Up tend to miss multiple days of work and usually do not stay with the company more than a few weeks. This is an example of ____ behaviors.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 27

Employee engagement refers to the willingness to "go beyond the call of duty" or "go the extra mile" in one's work.

Question 28

____ behaviors include absenteeism, turnover, and job disengagement.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 29

Job satisfaction is the degree to which an individual feels positive or negative about a job.

Question 30

The cognitive component of an attitude reflects a belief or an opinion.

Question 31

Personal wellness is taking responsibility for your own physical and mental health.

Question 32

Moods tend to be short term and clearly targeted.

Question 33

_____ behaviors include task performance, customer service, and productivity.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 34

Which of the following is true about perceptions?

A) Perceptions have a marginal influence on individual behavior.
B) Perceptions do not have an impact on daily life experiences.
C) People perceive the same people, things, or situations differently.
D) People's perceptions are unaffected by their cultural background.
E) Perceptions refer to the desire to achieve or to accomplish something.

Question 35

____ behaviors include helping, volunteering, and job engagement.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 36

The affective component of an attitude reflects an intention to behave in a manner consistent with a belief or feeling.

Question 37

Employees at Fil-it-Up work hard, always smile and talk to customers, and complete customer transactions as quickly as possible. This is an example of ____ behaviors.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 38

___ behaviors include antisocial behavior and intentional wrongdoing.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 39

A person with a low-Mach personality is viewed as exploitative and unconcerned about others, often acting with the assumption that the end justifies the means.

Question 40

Fil-it-Up gives employees 40 hours of paid time off every year to volunteer their time at local charities. This is an example of ____ behaviors.

A) Citizenship
B) Dysfunctional
C) Functional
D) Performance
E) Withdrawal

Question 41

Selective perception refers to:

A) the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view.
B) the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.
C) using a single attribute to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.
D) the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.
E) assigning the attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

Question 42

Eric, a team lead, is quick at understanding concepts and in executing projects. He assumes that all his coworkers have the same ability to complete projects. Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed here?

A) Stereotype
B) Selective perception
C) Fundamental attribution error
D) Self-serving bias
E) Projection

Question 43

The profile of characteristics making an individual unique from others is referred to as _____.

A) a stereotype
B) personality
C) self-serving bias
D) the locus of control
E) cognitive dissonance

Question 44

Which of the following is true of openness to experience?

A) Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is outgoing and sociable.
B) An open person is always a source of conflict and discomfort for others.
C) Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
D) Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is responsible, dependable, and careful.
E) An open person is broad-minded and receptive to new things.

Question 45

Carla was given a promotion as she met all quality and productivity standards. However, she did not exhibit effective interpersonal skills in her new job role. She was promoted due to her performance skills without taking her people skills into consideration. Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed here?

A) Anchoring effect
B) Selective perception
C) Projection
D) Fundamental attribution error
E) Halo effect

Question 46

The degree to which someone is responsible, dependable, and careful is referred to as _____.

A) agreeableness
B) introversion
C) perceptiveness
D) extraversion
E) conscientiousness

Question 47

Which of the following is true of a conscientious person?

A) A conscientious person focuses on new ideas and is imaginative.
B) A conscientious person is withdrawn and reserved.
C) A conscientious person focuses on what can be accomplished and meets commitments.
D) A conscientious person has few interests and is resistant to change.
E) A conscientious person always engages in multi-tasking.

Question 48

Jason's performance at work was declining as he had to meet unrealistic targets daily. Though he was able to meet his targets, the quality of his work was not very good. His supervisor assumed that this was due to a lack of concentration and laziness. This scenario is an instance of a _____.

A) stereotyping error
B) halo effect
C) fundamental attribution error
D) projection error
E) self-serving bias

Question 49

Wilson often tries to multi-task and, as a result, fails to do well in any task. He also tends to be careless and irresponsible while working on his projects. This implies that Wilson most likely:

A) lacks conscientiousness.
B) has low agreeableness.
C) lacks emotional stability.
D) lacks openness to experience.
E) has low extraversion.

Question 50

Which of the following occurs when attributes commonly associated with a group are assigned to an individual?

A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Psychological contract
C) Selective perception
D) Self-serving bias
E) Stereotype

Question 51

Ronald is a senior executive at Brown Inc. He is well-mannered and has the ability to cooperate with all his colleagues. When employees have work-related or personal issues, they approach him for support because they trust him. Which of the following personality traits does Ronald most likely possess that enables him to be so approachable?

A) Agreeableness
B) Introversion
C) Self-serving bias
D) Locus of control
E) Extraversion

Question 52

The _____ overestimates internal factors and underestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

A) fundamental attribution error
B) stereotyping effect
C) halo effect
D) projection error
E) self-serving bias

Question 53

A _____ occurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.

A) projection error
B) fundamental attribution error
C) projection
D) halo effect
E) stereotype

Question 54

The degree to which someone is outgoing, sociable, and assertive is referred to as _____.

A) agreeableness
B) perceptiveness
C) cognitive dissonance
D) extraversion
E) conscientiousness

Question 55

Joshua, the business head of an organization, is broad-minded and well-informed. He believes in adapting to changes in the environment. He also encourages his coworkers to suggest new ideas to help in the growth of the organization. This implies that Joshua has _____.

A) low conscientiousness
B) low agreeableness
C) high openness to experience
D) high selective perception
E) low emotional stability

Question 56

Karen, the manager of a research organization, believes that women avoid arithmetic and statistics, whereas men prefer such topics. This assumption made by Karen is an example of a _____.

A) stereotype
B) self-serving bias
C) projection
D) fundamental attribution error
E) halo effect

Question 57

Josephine, a manager at a bank, is cooperative, sociable, dependable, and unworried. However, she lacks the interest to bring about any changes in the operations of the bank and is narrow minded. This implies that Josephine lacks _____.

A) conscientiousness
B) openness to experience
C) agreeableness
D) extraversion
E) emotional stability

Question 58

_____ involves the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.

A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Self-serving bias
C) Projection
D) Halo effect
E) Stereotyping

Question 59

Which of the following examples displays the personality trait of emotional stability?

A) A manager encouraging unique suggestions from employees for the promotion of a product
B) A CEO being careful about making merger decisions
C) A manager staying calm and confident when his team fails to meet quarterly targets
D) A proprietor implementing changes in his organization
E) A team lead exhibiting good communication skills with his subordinates

Question 60

The revenues of Venus Media Inc. were low for the past few months. The marketing department of the firm believed that the financial meltdown in the nation was the primary reason for the poor performance of the firm. It failed to consider any other reason put forth by the other departments. Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed in this case?

A) Stereotype
B) Selective perception
C) Projection
D) Fundamental attribution error
E) Self-serving bias

Question 61

Think about someone's technology personality. This person primarily uses technology to gather information rather than to engage others. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Always On
B) Bystander
C) Never-Minder
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 62

Think about someone's technology personality. This person is very connected, uses technology to stay in touch with family and friends, and owns smartphones and tablets. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Broadcaster
B) Live Wire
C) Never-Minder
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 63

When Wilson encounters a problem with his consulting business, he wonders whether there is an over-arching issue causing the problem. He usually steps back and considers whether the entire project is the problem or if there is a larger problem with the company. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Extraverted
B) Feeling
C) Intuitive
D) Perceiving
E) Sensing

Question 64

Sensing refers to:

A) focusing on details while gathering data.
B) relying on emotions while making decisions.
C) focusing on the big picture in dealing with problems while gathering data.
D) acting with flexibility and spontaneity while gathering data.
E) being quiet and shy when interacting with people.

Question 65

Think about someone's technology personality. This person is relatively unconnected and uses technology primarily to keep up with the news and less frequently to connect with family and friends. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Always On
B) Bystander
C) Broadcaster
D) Live Wire
E) Toe Dipper

Question 66

Wilson has found that his "gut reaction" to a problem is always right. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Feeling
B) Judging
C) Perceiving
D) Sensing
E) Thinking

Question 67

Think about someone's technology personality. This person is an early adopter who uses technology to create content, actively engage others, and make connections with people they'd like to know, not merely the people they know already. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Always On
B) Bystander
C) Broadcaster
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 68

Wilson likes knowing exactly what to expect each day. Each morning, he plans his day and ensures he has carefully allotted his time. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Intuitive
B) Judging
C) Perceiving
D) Sensing
E) Thinking

Question 69

Wilson likes spending time with people and tends to talk on the phone with customers much longer than some of his co-workers. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Extraverted
B) Feeling
C) Introverted
D) Intuitive
E) Sensing

Question 70

Wilson does not like talking on the phone or working with other people. His idea job is to write programs for his company's computer system. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Introverted
B) Intuitive
C) Judging
D) Perceiving
E) Thinking

Question 71

Think about someone's technology personality. This person is does not connect often, uses technology to converse, and is most likely going to engage in person-to-person contact with others. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Always On
B) Broadcaster
C) Live Wire
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 72

Christopher is an employee with an internal locus of control. Which of the following characteristics would be observed in Christopher?

A) Self-confidence
B) Lack of job satisfaction
C) High alienation from work
D) Denial of responsibility
E) Tendency to blame others

Question 73

____ reflects levels of social media use and how media are used to connect to others.

A) The halo effect
B) Projection
C) Impression management
D) Technology personality
E) Type A personality

Question 74

When Wilson encounters a problem with his consulting business, he instantly starts looking for the specific problem. He will spend hours looking at the time every person has spent on a project to figure out why the project took longer than expected. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Extraverted
B) Intuitive
C) Judging
D) Sensing
E) Thinking

Question 75

Think about someone's technology personality. This person is selectively uses technology to tell others what he or she is doing, is less likely to be active on social media, and tends not to text. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Broadcaster
B) Live Wire
C) Never-Minder
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 76

Perceiving work style refers to:

A) focusing on details while gathering data.
B) focusing on details while working.
C) acting with flexibility and spontaneity while working.
D) acting with order and control while working.
E) relying on rules and regulations while working.

Question 77

Wilson believes he can work through any problem rationally by using deduction. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Feeling
B) Judging
C) Perceiving
D) Sensing
E) Thinking

Question 78

Think about someone's technology personality. This person does not use cell phones, texting, or social media, is apprehensive about technology use, and sees technology as isolating. Which of the following describes this person?

A) Bystander
B) Live Wire
C) Never-Minder
D) Social Skimmer
E) Toe Dipper

Question 79

Which of the following is true of locus of control?

A) It is the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences.
B) People with an internal locus of control are more prone to blame others for what happens to them.
C) Individuals with an external locus of control are more self-confident and accept responsibility for their own actions.
D) People with an internal locus of control tend to be more satisfied and less alienated from their work.
E) It describes the extent to which someone is emotionally detached and manipulative.

Question 80

Wilson likes "winging it" each day. He knows he cannot plan anyway because customer needs are so unpredictable, so he might as well "go with the flow" of the day. Wilson most likely has a(n) ____ personality from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach.

A) Extraverted
B) Feeling
C) Judging
D) Perceiving
E) Sensing