Deck 10: Motivated Forgetting

Question 1

Benoit and Anderson (2012)compared which two strategies of controlling unwanted memories to see whether they engaged different mechanisms?
(A)Latent inhibition and operant conditioning
(B)Direct suppression and meditation
(C)Ironic processing and thought substitution
(D)Hypnosis and direct suppression
(E)Thought substitution and direct suppression

Answer 1

E

Question 2

How does the context shift hypothesis explain list-method directed forgetting?
(A)First-list items cause interference
(B)First-list items are encoded in a different cognitive set that cannot be reinstated
(C)Second-list items cause interference
(D)First and second lists are encoded in two separate contexts, which may be reinstated
(E)None of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Charles, Mather, and Carstensen (2003)observed which pattern of memory findings in older adults?
(A)Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of neutral and positive memories
(B)Recognition biased towards positive memories but similar recall of negative and positive memories
(C)Recall biased towards negative memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories
(D)Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories
(E)Recall biased towards positive memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Bjork and Bjork (2003)found that their directed forgetting participants had forgotten from where they knew a tested name, misattributing the name's familiarity to:
(A)Physical symmetry
(B)Word frequency
(C)Onomatopoeia
(D)The name-letter effect
(E)Fame

Question 5

Which of the following is often referred to as suppression-induced forgetting?
(A)Amnesic penumbra
(B)Total memory control effect
(C)Positive control effect
(D)Negative control effect
(E)Retrieval-induced forgetting phenomenon

Question 6

In psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is believed to unconsciously banish memories that may cause pain and conflict?
(A)Regression
(B)Sublimation
(C)Denial
(D)Repression
(E)Projection

Question 7

According to the selective rehearsal account, individuals exert more of what after a remember instruction, compared to a forget instruction?
(A)Contextual shift
(B)Active inhibition
(C)Cognitive effort
(D)Daydreaming
(E)Mental time travel

Question 8

Avoidance of retrieval cues, preventing the reactivation of traces, and environment changes all fall under the umbrella term:
(A)Proactive interference
(B)Motivated context shifts
(C)Repression
(D)Unintentional context shifts
(E)Confabulation

Question 9

Mather and Carstensen (2005)argue that as people advance in age, their focus on maintaining a sense of which of the following tends to increase, along with their emotion regulation skill?
(A)Well-being
(B)Neurogenesis
(C)Loss
(D)Regret
(E)None of these

Question 10

What term is given to remembering previously forgotten conditioned responses and declarative memories after a delay?
(A)False memory syndrome
(B)Spontaneous recovery
(C)Psychogenic memory
(D)Motivated remembering
(E)Iatrogenic memory

Question 11

Sedikides and Green's (2000)mnemic neglect effect refers to tendency for individuals to limit the encoding of:
(A)Neutral feedback
(B)Negative feedback
(C)Physical
(D)features of social inferiors
(E)Statistical information about the world around them

Question 12

Which experimental paradigm is typically used to test retrieval suppression?
(A)Tower of Hanoi
(B)Item-method directed forgetting
(C)Think/no-think paradigm
(D)Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities
(E)Myers Bring Type Indicator

Question 13

The ability to selectively determine what enters conscious thought is considered a form of what?
(A)Cognitive control
(B)Reflexivity
(C)Consolidation
(D)Fractionalization
(E)Transference

Question 14

How frequently are participants instructed whether to remember or forget the stimuli they had just seen in the LIST-method directed forgetting procedure?
(A)After the very last item
(B)After each item
(C)After half the stimulus set has been presented
(D)Before each item
(E)At the beginning of the experiment

Question 15

Psychogenic amnesia is:
(A)Mechanistically neutral
(B)A form of forgetting not readily attributable to neurological damage or dysfunction
(C)Generally the term used for lapses in surprisingly large or important episodes of life
(D)All of these
(E)Of an assumed psychological, rather than biological, source

Question 16

Anderson et al. (2004)discovered that which brain structures tend to be recruited while people are actively suppressing retrieval?
(A)Right lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus
(B)Anterior cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus
(C)Hippocampus and left ventricle
(D)Lateral medial cingulate and temporal lobes
(E)Cerebellum and amygdala

Question 17

In terms of suppression-induced forgetting, research suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:
(A)Forgetting tends to increase with more suppression attempts
(B)Individuals with attention deficit disorder show enhanced suppression abilities compared to controls
(C)Forgetting can occur whether the materials are neutral or negative in valence
(D)Autobiographical experiences are subject to the effects of suppression
(E)The effects have been known to last at least 24 hours

Question 18

Ballard's term for the "gradual process of improvement in the capacity to revive past experiences" without relearning is:
(A)Reminiscence
(B)Refractory period
(C)Hypermania
(D)Residual amnesia
(E)Psychogenic amnesia

Question 19

Anderson et al. (2004)notably observed DECREASED activation in which structure when participants suppressed retrieval?
(A)Pons
(B)Hypothalamus
(C)Superior parietal lobule
(D)Brain stem
(E)Hippocampus

Question 20

Which theory argues that items from a forget list are temporarily rendered less accessible through a reduction in activation?
(A)Trace inhibition theory
(B)Cue retention hypothesis
(C)Retrieval inhibition hypothesis
(D)Levels of processing principle
(E)Context-dependent hypothesis

Question 21

Repeated testing using the same stimuli can give rise to which phenomenon?
(A)Hypermnesia
(B)Hypermania
(C)Reminiscence
(D)Residual amnesia
(E)Psychogenic amnesia

Question 22

Sahakyan and Kelley (2002)observed that ______ the mental context eradicated the effects of instructions to forget.
(A)Extinguishing
(B)Reconsolidating
(C)Repressing
(D)Reinstating
(E)Regressing

Question 23

Goernert and Larson (1994)reported a release of directed forgetting after they:
(A)Gave participants an extended delay
(B)Provided a monetary incentive to remember the first list
(C)Provided punishment for failing to remember the first list
(D)Warned participants that memory is fallible
(E)Supplied subset of the items participants studied on the first list