Question 1

How frequently are participants instructed whether to remember or forget the stimuli they had just seen in the LIST-method directed forgetting procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) After the very last item 
B) After each item 
C) After half the stimulus set has been presented 
D) Before each item 
E) At the beginning of the experiment 
A) After the very last item 
B) After each item 
C) After half the stimulus set has been presented 
D) Before each item 
E) At the beginning of the experiment C

Question 2

Anderson et al. (2004)notably observed DECREASED activation in which structure when participants suppressed retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A) Pons 
B) Hypothalamus 
C) Superior parietal lobule 
D) Brain stem 
E) Hippocampus 
A) Pons 
B) Hypothalamus 
C) Superior parietal lobule 
D) Brain stem 
E) Hippocampus E

Question 3

Which of the following is often referred to as suppression-induced forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A) Amnesic penumbra 
B) Total memory control effect 
C) Positive control effect 
D) Negative control effect 
E) Retrieval-induced forgetting phenomenon 
A) Amnesic penumbra 
B) Total memory control effect 
C) Positive control effect 
D) Negative control effect 
E) Retrieval-induced forgetting phenomenon D

Question 4

Which theory argues that items from a forget list are temporarily rendered less accessible through a reduction in activation?

Accepted Answer

A) Trace inhibition theory 
B) Cue retention hypothesis 
C) Retrieval inhibition hypothesis 
D) Levels of processing principle 
E) Context-dependent hypothesis 
A) Trace inhibition theory 
B) Cue retention hypothesis 
C) Retrieval inhibition hypothesis 
D) Levels of processing principle 
E) Context-dependent hypothesis

Question 5

Goernert and Larson (1994)reported a release of directed forgetting after they:

Accepted Answer

A) Gave participants an extended delay 
B) Provided a monetary incentive to remember the first list 
C) Provided punishment for failing to remember the first list 
D) Warned participants that memory is fallible 
E) Supplied subset of the items participants studied on the first list 
A) Gave participants an extended delay 
B) Provided a monetary incentive to remember the first list 
C) Provided punishment for failing to remember the first list 
D) Warned participants that memory is fallible 
E) Supplied subset of the items participants studied on the first list

Question 6

Which experimental paradigm is typically used to test retrieval suppression?

Accepted Answer

A) Tower of Hanoi 
B) Item-method directed forgetting 
C) Think/no-think paradigm 
D) Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities 
E) Myers Bring Type Indicator 
A) Tower of Hanoi 
B) Item-method directed forgetting 
C) Think/no-think paradigm 
D) Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities 
E) Myers Bring Type Indicator

Question 7

How does the context shift hypothesis explain list-method directed forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A) First-list items cause interference 
B) First-list items are encoded in a different cognitive set that cannot be reinstated 
C) Second-list items cause interference 
D) First and second lists are encoded in two separate contexts, which may be reinstated 
E) None of these 
A) First-list items cause interference 
B) First-list items are encoded in a different cognitive set that cannot be reinstated 
C) Second-list items cause interference 
D) First and second lists are encoded in two separate contexts, which may be reinstated 
E) None of these

Question 8

What term is given to remembering previously forgotten conditioned responses and declarative memories after a delay?

Accepted Answer

A) False memory syndrome 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Psychogenic memory 
D) Motivated remembering 
E) Iatrogenic memory 
A) False memory syndrome 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Psychogenic memory 
D) Motivated remembering 
E) Iatrogenic memory

Question 9

The ability to selectively determine what enters conscious thought is considered a form of what?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive control 
B) Reflexivity 
C) Consolidation 
D) Fractionalization 
E) Transference 
A) Cognitive control 
B) Reflexivity 
C) Consolidation 
D) Fractionalization 
E) Transference

Question 10

Ballard's term for the "gradual process of improvement in the capacity to revive past experiences" without relearning is:

Accepted Answer

A) Reminiscence 
B) Refractory period 
C) Hypermania 
D) Residual amnesia 
E) Psychogenic amnesia 
A) Reminiscence 
B) Refractory period 
C) Hypermania 
D) Residual amnesia 
E) Psychogenic amnesia

Question 11

Charles, Mather, and Carstensen (2003)observed which pattern of memory findings in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of neutral and positive memories 
B) Recognition biased towards positive memories but similar recall of negative and positive memories 
C) Recall biased towards negative memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories 
D) Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories 
E) Recall biased towards positive memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories 
A) Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of neutral and positive memories 
B) Recognition biased towards positive memories but similar recall of negative and positive memories 
C) Recall biased towards negative memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories 
D) Recall biased towards neutral memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories 
E) Recall biased towards positive memories but similar recognition of negative and positive memories

Question 12

Repeated testing using the same stimuli can give rise to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypermnesia 
B) Hypermania 
C) Reminiscence 
D) Residual amnesia 
E) Psychogenic amnesia 
A) Hypermnesia 
B) Hypermania 
C) Reminiscence 
D) Residual amnesia 
E) Psychogenic amnesia

Question 13

Avoidance of retrieval cues, preventing the reactivation of traces, and environment changes all fall under the umbrella term:

Accepted Answer

A) Proactive interference 
B) Motivated context shifts 
C) Repression 
D) Unintentional context shifts 
E) Confabulation 
A) Proactive interference 
B) Motivated context shifts 
C) Repression 
D) Unintentional context shifts 
E) Confabulation

Question 14

Benoit and Anderson (2012)compared which two strategies of controlling unwanted memories to see whether they engaged different mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Latent inhibition and operant conditioning 
B) Direct suppression and meditation 
C) Ironic processing and thought substitution 
D) Hypnosis and direct suppression 
E) Thought substitution and direct suppression 
A) Latent inhibition and operant conditioning 
B) Direct suppression and meditation 
C) Ironic processing and thought substitution 
D) Hypnosis and direct suppression 
E) Thought substitution and direct suppression

Question 15

In psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is believed to unconsciously banish memories that may cause pain and conflict?

Accepted Answer

A) Regression 
B) Sublimation 
C) Denial 
D) Repression 
E) Projection 
A) Regression 
B) Sublimation 
C) Denial 
D) Repression 
E) Projection

Question 16

Mather and Carstensen (2005)argue that as people advance in age, their focus on maintaining a sense of which of the following tends to increase, along with their emotion regulation skill?

Accepted Answer

A) Well-being 
B) Neurogenesis 
C) Loss 
D) Regret 
E) None of these 
A) Well-being 
B) Neurogenesis 
C) Loss 
D) Regret 
E) None of these

Question 17

Sahakyan and Kelley (2002)observed that ______ the mental context eradicated the effects of instructions to forget.

Accepted Answer

A) Extinguishing 
B) Reconsolidating 
C) Repressing 
D) Reinstating 
E) Regressing 
A) Extinguishing 
B) Reconsolidating 
C) Repressing 
D) Reinstating 
E) Regressing

Question 18

In terms of suppression-induced forgetting, research suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) Forgetting tends to increase with more suppression attempts 
B) Individuals with attention deficit disorder show enhanced suppression abilities compared to controls 
C) Forgetting can occur whether the materials are neutral or negative in valence 
D) Autobiographical experiences are subject to the effects of suppression 
E) The effects have been known to last at least 24 hours 
A) Forgetting tends to increase with more suppression attempts 
B) Individuals with attention deficit disorder show enhanced suppression abilities compared to controls 
C) Forgetting can occur whether the materials are neutral or negative in valence 
D) Autobiographical experiences are subject to the effects of suppression 
E) The effects have been known to last at least 24 hours

Question 19

Bjork and Bjork (2003)found that their directed forgetting participants had forgotten from where they knew a tested name, misattributing the name's familiarity to:

Accepted Answer

A) Physical symmetry 
B) Word frequency 
C) Onomatopoeia 
D) The name-letter effect 
E) Fame 
A) Physical symmetry 
B) Word frequency 
C) Onomatopoeia 
D) The name-letter effect 
E) Fame

Question 20

According to the selective rehearsal account, individuals exert more of what after a remember instruction, compared to a forget instruction?

Accepted Answer

A) Contextual shift 
B) Active inhibition 
C) Cognitive effort 
D) Daydreaming 
E) Mental time travel 
A) Contextual shift 
B) Active inhibition 
C) Cognitive effort 
D) Daydreaming 
E) Mental time travel

How frequently are participants instructed whether to remember or forget the stimuli they had just seen in the LIST-method directed forgetting procedure?

Anderson et al. (2004)notably observed DECREASED activation in which structure when participants suppressed retrieval?

Which of the following is often referred to as suppression-induced forgetting?

Which theory argues that items from a forget list are temporarily rendered less accessible through a reduction in activation?

Goernert and Larson (1994)reported a release of directed forgetting after they:

Which experimental paradigm is typically used to test retrieval suppression?

How does the context shift hypothesis explain list-method directed forgetting?

What term is given to remembering previously forgotten conditioned responses and declarative memories after a delay?

The ability to selectively determine what enters conscious thought is considered a form of what?

Ballard's term for the "gradual process of improvement in the capacity to revive past experiences" without relearning is:

Charles, Mather, and Carstensen (2003)observed which pattern of memory findings in older adults?

Repeated testing using the same stimuli can give rise to which phenomenon?

Avoidance of retrieval cues, preventing the reactivation of traces, and environment changes all fall under the umbrella term:

Benoit and Anderson (2012)compared which two strategies of controlling unwanted memories to see whether they engaged different mechanisms?

In psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is believed to unconsciously banish memories that may cause pain and conflict?

Mather and Carstensen (2005)argue that as people advance in age, their focus on maintaining a sense of which of the following tends to increase, along with their emotion regulation skill?

Sahakyan and Kelley (2002)observed that ______ the mental context eradicated the effects of instructions to forget.

In terms of suppression-induced forgetting, research suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:

Bjork and Bjork (2003)found that their directed forgetting participants had forgotten from where they knew a tested name, misattributing the name's familiarity to:

According to the selective rehearsal account, individuals exert more of what after a remember instruction, compared to a forget instruction?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Learning

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Retrieval

Incidental Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters

Exam 10: Motivated Forgetting

How frequently are participants instructed whether to remember or forget the stimuli they had just seen in the LIST-method directed forgetting procedure?

Anderson et al. (2004)notably observed DECREASED activation in which structure when participants suppressed retrieval?

Which of the following is often referred to as suppression-induced forgetting?

Which theory argues that items from a forget list are temporarily rendered less accessible through a reduction in activation?

Goernert and Larson (1994)reported a release of directed forgetting after they:

Which experimental paradigm is typically used to test retrieval suppression?

How does the context shift hypothesis explain list-method directed forgetting?

What term is given to remembering previously forgotten conditioned responses and declarative memories after a delay?

The ability to selectively determine what enters conscious thought is considered a form of what?

Ballard's term for the "gradual process of improvement in the capacity to revive past experiences" without relearning is:

Charles, Mather, and Carstensen (2003)observed which pattern of memory findings in older adults?

Repeated testing using the same stimuli can give rise to which phenomenon?

Avoidance of retrieval cues, preventing the reactivation of traces, and environment changes all fall under the umbrella term:

Benoit and Anderson (2012)compared which two strategies of controlling unwanted memories to see whether they engaged different mechanisms?

In psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is believed to unconsciously banish memories that may cause pain and conflict?

Mather and Carstensen (2005)argue that as people advance in age, their focus on maintaining a sense of which of the following tends to increase, along with their emotion regulation skill?

Sahakyan and Kelley (2002)observed that ______ the mental context eradicated the effects of instructions to forget.

In terms of suppression-induced forgetting, research suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:

Bjork and Bjork (2003)found that their directed forgetting participants had forgotten from where they knew a tested name, misattributing the name's familiarity to:

According to the selective rehearsal account, individuals exert more of what after a remember instruction, compared to a forget instruction?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Learning

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Retrieval

Incidental Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters