Deck 18: Statistical Quality Control

Question 1

According to Garvin, product quality is ___.

A)value perceived by the customer
B)an innate excellence of the product
C)not measurable in the product
D)fitness for the consumer's intended use
E)measurable in the product

Answer 1

measurable in the product

Question 2

A quality circle is a round-table of top-level quality managers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A p chart used for statistical quality control is a chart that shows the probability distribution of defectives in the process output.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One definition that captures the spirit of most quality efforts in the business world is that quality results when a product delivers what is stipulated for it in its specifications.

Question 5

Control charts are used to examine the output of a process for disturbing patterns or for data points that indicate that the process is out-of-control.

Question 6

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for measurements and (2)control charts for compliance items.

Question 7

Inspecting the attributes of a finished product to determine whether the product is acceptable, is in need of rework, or is to be rejected is called after-process quality control.

Question 8

A scatter diagram is a graphical mechanism for examining the relationship between two variables.

Question 9

Measuring product attributes at regular intervals throughout the manufacturing process in an effort to pinpoint problem areas is called in-process quality control.

Question 10

If no variations occurred between manufactured items, the resulting control charts would be excellent.

Question 11

A control chart is used to control the flow of materials into a process.

Question 12

Pareto chart is a diagnostic tool that displays possible causes of a quality problem and the interrelationships among the causes.

Question 13

If a process is in control, less than 0.3% of all the points that represent the process output such as the average measurement or the proportion defective should be beyond the upper and lower control limits.

Question 14

Quality control can be undertaken in two distinct ways: after-process control and before-process control.

Question 15

Inspecting the attributes of a finished product to determine whether the product is acceptable, is in need of rework, or is to be rejected is called in-process quality control.

Question 16

The Six Sigma approach essentially calls for the process to approach defect-free status.

Question 17

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for manufactured items and (2)control charts for services.

Question 18

According to Garvin, transcendent quality implies that a product ___.

A)conforms to design and engineering specifications
B)has an innate excellence
C)has no measurable attributes
D)is fit for the consumer's intended use
E)has measurable attributes

Question 19

Quality control is essentially final inspection of the products to ensure that no defectives are shipped out.

Question 20

A schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process is called a Pareto chart.

Question 21

Which of the following is not usually an activity that would be included in a flowchart?

A)starting point
B)processing step
C)decision points
D)person responsible
E)input

Question 22

A company that uses benchmarking as a quality improvement practice will ___.

A)emulate the best practices and techniques used in their industry
B)institutionalize the not-invented-here philosophy
C)not analyze the competition's product
D)rely exclusively on government research for product improvements
E)be in the furniture business

Question 23

Which of the following is not a quality control diagnostic technique?

A)point-and-figure chart
B)Pareto analysis
C)Fishbone diagram
D) control chart
E)p control chart

Question 24

A manufacturer of automobile tires promotes a tread life of at least 80,000 kilometres for its Poly-Radial tires.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ___.

A)user quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 25

According to the following Pareto chart, the most common defect was ___.

A)loose connector
B)broken part
C)wrong part
D)wrong voltage
E)all of the above

Question 26

Imagine a cause-and-effect diagram had five elements listed at the end of each line, either at the head of the diagram or at the end of each "bone" of the diagram.These elements were transportation, enforcement, late arrivals, policy, and attitude.Of these, which would be most likely to be at the head of the diagram?

A)transportation
B)enforcement
C)late arrivals
D)policy
E)attitude

Question 27

An advantage of a just-in-time inventory system is ___.

A)fewer managerial controls on inventory
B)lower inventory holding costs
C)larger shipment and production lots
D)fewer orders per operational year
E)more inspection and handling of materials

Question 28

A lower fat content in meat means higher quality to many consumers.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ___.

A)user quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 29

In many public restrooms, management will keep a sheet on the back of the door noting the times that the restroom is to be cleaned as the column headings and each row denoting a step of the cleaning to be completed.This would be an example of a __________.

A)Pareto chart
B)histogram
C)scatter plot
D)check sheet
E)control chart

Question 30

A collection of strategies, techniques, and actions taken by an organization to assure themselves that it is producing a quality product or service is called ___.

A)quality control
B)Pareto analysis
C)Fishbone techniques
D)just-in-time analysis
E)100% inspection

Question 31

A histogram is often used by researchers to gain a(n)_______________ of the data.

A)initial overview
B)in-depth analysis
C)statistically significant view
D)sense of the mean
E)view of the dispersion

Question 32

Reengineering is ___.

A)a fine-tuning of the present process
B)downsizing of a company
C)another name for Deming's 14 points
D)the complete redesign of core business processes
E)incremental improvement of a core process

Question 33

If a manufacturer is looking to determine the causes of declining productivity, the company might first complete a ___________ to identify potential causes, and then create a ______________ to find which causes are most common.

A)scatter plot; histogram
B)Pareto chart; histogram
C)cause-and-effect diagram; Pareto chart
D)Pareto chart; cause-and-effect diagram
E)histogram; Pareto chart

Question 34

A quality circle studying the problem of incorrect prices on purchase orders identified several potential causes: incorrect information from requesting department, out-of-date catalogues from suppliers, defective computer software, and worker practices in the purchasing department.These potential cause-and-effect relationships are best illustrated by a ___.

A)check list
B)Pareto chart
C)control chart
D)point-and-figure chart
E)Fishbone diagram

Question 35

In reviewing a flowchart, a company would not be able to determine ____________ in a process.

A)the various start points
B)how many steps are
C)the total time for all activities
D)the decision points
E)the various inputs needed

Question 36

Higher output wattage means higher quality to some consumers of audio amplifiers.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ___.

A)user quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 37

Upper and lower control limits are usually based upon ___.

A)± 3 standard deviations
B)± 2 standard deviations
C)± 1 standard deviation
D)± 4 standard deviations
E)± 6 standard deviations

Question 38

Working from a Pareto chart, a company wants to address the two most common causes of interruptions in the company's production process.Managers should focus on the _____________ of the chart.

A)width of each bar
B)bars to the far right
C)shortest bars
D)bars to the far left
E)tallest bar

Question 39

The main difference between a histogram and a Pareto chart is the ____________.

A)values on the y axis
B)order of categories on the x axis
C)colors used to distinguish differences
D)type of data that can be used to create each graph
E)direction of the bars, either vertical or horizontal

Question 40

Say a manufacturer maintains a control chart of the overall product process and determines that the process is out of control too often across all shifts.Managers could most effectively start to determine potential causes by creating a ______________.

A)histogram with shifts along the x axis
B)cause-and-effect diagram for one shift
C)scatter plot with shifts on the x axis and causes on the y axis
D)Pareto chart with shifts along the x axis
E)check sheet with shifts as columns and causes as rows

Question 41

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the lower control limit be?

A)0.046
B)0.000
C)1.154
D)4.200
E)0.004

Question 42

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The centerline for her R chart is ___.

A)0.15
B)26
C)5
D)112
E)15

Question 43

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The upper control limit for her R chart is ___.

A)0.150
B)10.57
C)0.317
D)2.114
E)0.713

Question 44

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The upper control limit for her chart is ___.

A)112.09
B)5.087
C)26.087
D)115.90
E)110.09

Question 45

An chart is being developed using 25 samples of size 8 each.The average of 25 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 25 ranges is 0.30.The upper control limit is ___.

A)6.573
B)6.382
C)6.500
D)6.280
E)6.312

Question 46

A graph which plots the proportions of items in noncompliance for multiple samples is called a (n)___.

A) chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)Pareto chart

Question 47

A graph which displays computed means for a series of small random samples over a period of time is called a (n)___.

A) chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)S chart

Question 48

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The centerline for her chart is ___.

A)5
B)26
C)0.15
D)11.2
E)112

Question 49

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.04.The sample size is 100.What would the lower control limit be?

A)0.000
B)0.059
C)0.019
D)0.031
E)-0.019

Question 50

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of Credit First Banks (CFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the CFB member banks.Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contained 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The upper control limit for Ophelia's p chart is ___.

A)0.0925
B)0.0500
C)0.0308
D)0.1825
E)0.1425

Question 51

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The lower control limit for her R chart is ___.

A)0.150
B)0.000
C)0.317
D)2.114
E)1.000

Question 52

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.04.The sample size is 100.What would the upper control limit be?

A)0.059
B)0.099
C)0.109
D)0.040
E)1.090

Question 53

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the upper control limit be?

A)1.514
B)1.924
C)4.200
D)0.600
E)1.154

Question 54

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.05.The sample size is 50.What would the upper control limit be?

A)0.142
B)-0.042
C)0.408
D)0.092
E)0.642

Question 55

An chart is being developed using 25 samples of size 8 each.The average of 25 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 25 ranges is 0.30.The lower control limit is ___.

A)5.827
B)5.900
C)5.960
D)6.088
E)4.423

Question 56

A plot of the sample ranges over regular time intervals is called a (n)___.

A) chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)S chart

Question 57

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of Credit First Banks (CFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the CFB member banks.Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contained 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The centerline for Ophelia's p chart is ___.

A)30
B)0.50
C)50
D)1.5
E)0.05

Question 58

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.30.The sample sizes were 6 each.What would the upper control limit be?

A)2.0040
B)2.3040
C)0.6012
D)0.0500
E)1.0982

Question 59

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.30.The samples sizes were 6 each.What would the lower control limit be?

A)1.000
B)0.300
C)2.004
D)-0.300
E)0.000

Question 60

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 centimetres, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 centimetres.The lower control limit for her chart is ___.

A)25.913
B)4.913
C)111.91
D)108.10
E)112.84

Question 61

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Pacific.He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contained 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The lower control limit for Nels's p chart is ___.

A)0.0447
B)0.0283
C)0.0135
D)0.0000
E)0.5090

Question 62

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of Credit First Banks (CFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the CFB member banks.Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contained 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The lower control limit for Ophelia's p chart is ___.

A)0.0000
B)0.0204
C)0.0308
D)0.0149
E)-1.0000

Question 63

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The centerline for Jack's c chart is ___.

A)117.00
B)0.2857
C)3.50
D)65.00
E)26.00

Question 64

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point above the LCL
C)a data point above the UCL
D)a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E)a data point on the center line

Question 65

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The mean of the 9 sample means is 101.03, and the mean of the 9 standard deviations is 29.243.The lower control limit for your chart is ________.

A)70.85
B)92.11
C)73
D)71.75
E)60.5

Question 66

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point below the LCL
C)a data point below the UCL
D)a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E)a data point on the center line

Question 67

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per purchase order issued at Pacific.The total number of nonconformances for 30 purchase orders is 45.The centerline for Nels' c chart is ___.

A)75
B)0.67
C)15
D)1.5
E)30

Question 68

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per purchase order issued at Pacific.The total number of nonconformances for 30 purchase orders is 45.The upper control limit for Nels's c chart is ___.

A)3.00
B)5.17
C)5.50
D)7.21
E)30.00

Question 69

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The upper control limit for Jack's c chart is ___.

A)9.11
B)13.40
C)3.50
D)7.61
E)1.00

Question 70

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per purchase order issued at Pacific.The total number of nonconformances for 30 purchase orders is 45.The lower control limit for Nels's c chart is ___.

A)0.00
B)-2.17
C)1.03
D)0.94
E)1.00

Question 71

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is, potentially, out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point above the LCL
C)a data point below the UCL
D)an upward trend of nine data points
E)a data point in the outer 1/3 region

Question 72

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Pacific.He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contained 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The upper control limit for Nels's p chart is ___.

A)0.1736
B)0.1465
C)0.1312
D)0.0940
E)0.1845

Question 73

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Pacific Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Pacific.He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contained 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The centerline for Nels's p chart is ___.

A)0.08
B)75
C)22
D)1.76
E)0.008

Question 74

A graph which plots the number of nonconformances per item for multiple samples is called a (n)___.

A) chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)Pareto chart

Question 75

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The lower control limit for Jack's c chart is ___.

A)1.37
B)-2.11
C)3.50
D)-1.00
E)0.00