Deck 15: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) vestibule.
C) internal chamber.
D) glottis.
E) nasal septum.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The passageways from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx are the

A) external nares.
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) turbinates.
E) palates.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) all of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The airway that passes through the mediastinum anterior to the esophagus is the

A) pharynx.
B) bronchiole.
C) trachea.
D) alveolar duct.
E) laryngeal duct.

Question 5

The function of the nasal conchae is to

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
D) create turbulence in the air to trap small particulates in mucus.
E) provide an opening to the outside of the body.

Question 6

The lining of the trachea is

A) simple squamous.
B) ciliated cuboidal.
C) pseudostratified.
D) transitional.
E) connective tissue.

Question 7

The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the

A) force of air.
B) tension in the vocal cords.
C) size of the laryngeal cartilage.
D) shape of the laryngeal cartilage.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 8

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

Question 9

The trachea

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages.
C) contains many mucous glands.
D) can alter its diameter when stimulated by the autonomic nervous system.
E) all of the above

Question 10

The adenoids lie in the roof of the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 11

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A) thyroid cartilage.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) corniculate cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.
E) epiglottic cartilage.

Question 12

The glottis is

A) the inferior margin of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
C) the passage from the pharynx to the larynx.
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

Question 13

The cartilage that extends around the entire circumference of the larynx is the

A) thyroid cartilage.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) cuneiform cartilage.
D) arytenoid cartilage.
E) epiglottic cartilage.

Question 14

The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree: 1. secondary bronchi
2) bronchioles
3) alveolar ducts
4) primary bronchi
5) respiratory bronchioles
6) alveoli
7) terminal bronchioles
The order in which air passes through these structures beginning at the trachea is

A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

Question 15

Functions of the respiratory system include

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is a single cartilage?

A) arytenoid
B) cricoid
C) cuneiform
D) corniculate
E) none of the above

Question 17

Microorganisms removed from incoming air by the sticky mucus of the respiratory tract are most likely destroyed by

A) toxins in the mucus.
B) the cilia.
C) gastric juice.
D) a lack of nutrients.
E) all of the above

Question 18

How many tertiary bronchi are there in each lung?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 10
D) 15
E) 23

Question 19

The soft palate separates the

A) nasal cavity from the larynx.
B) left and right sides of the nasal cavity.
C) nasopharynx and the oral cavity.
D) external nares from the internal nares.
E) soft palate from the nasal cavity.

Question 20

Airways that supply one lobe of a lung are called

A) secondary bronchi.
B) bronchioles.
C) tertiary bronchi.
D) primary bronchi.
E) alveoli.

Question 21

Internal respiration involves the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) diffusion of gases between the cells and the circulating blood.
C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

Question 22

Which of the following is the first structure of the lower respiratory passageway?

A) nasal cavity
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) trachea
E) bronchi

Question 23

Pulmonary ventilation refers to

A) the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) the movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D) the movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E) the utilization of oxygen.

Question 24

The most common pneumonia that develops in AIDS patients results from infection by

A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
B) Haemophilus influenzae.
C) Klebsiella pneumoniae.
D) Pneumocystic carinii.
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 25

Which of the following would be found in the wall of a tertiary bronchus?

A) C rings of cartilage
B) cartilage plates only
C) a mix of cartilage plates and smooth muscle
D) smooth muscle only
E) none of the above

Question 26

Identify the most common lethal inherited disease affecting Caucasians of Northern European descent that results from a defective gene located on chromosome 7.

A) pneumonia
B) emphysema
C) cystic fibrosis
D) asthma
E) pneumothorax

Question 27

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

A) bronchioles.
B) alveolar ducts.
C) pleural spaces.
D) alveoli.
E) terminal sacs.

Question 28

In this procedure, an incision is made through the anterior tracheal wall and a tube is inserted.

A) tracheostomy
B) tracheotomy
C) bronchoscopy
D) laryngotomy
E) none of the above

Question 29

When speaking, only the first third of Joe's vocal folds vibrate, but when John speaks, half of the length of his vocal folds vibrates. Who has a higher-pitched voice?

A) Joe
B) John

Question 30

Kyley is singing a song. At a certain point in the song, she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is

A) low pitched and loud.
B) high pitched and loud.
C) low pitched and soft.
D) high pitched and soft.
E) medium pitched and soft.

Question 31

Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would result in

A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane.
B) an increased rate of gas exchange.
C) alveolar rupture.
D) alveolar collapse.
E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.

Question 32

Tuberculosis results from the colonization of which microorganism?

A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Klebsiella pneumoniae
D) Pneumocystic carinii
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 33

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and frequently has periods where he can hardly breathe. The problem is probably the result of

A) inflammation of the bronchi.
B) constriction of the trachea.
C) thick secretions that exceed the ability of the respiratory tract to remove them.
D) laryngospasms that occur in response to a toxic substance produced by the epithelial cells.
E) collapse of one or both lungs.

Question 34

In a condition known as pleurisy, there is excess fluid in the pleural space. How would you expect this to affect the process of pulmonary ventilation?

A) Ventilation would require less energy.
B) Breathing would be labored and difficult.
C) It would be easier to expand the lungs on inspiration.
D) More air would be forced out during an expiration.
E) Tidal volume would increase.

Question 35

Which is greater?

A) the number of lobes in the right lung
B) the number of lobes in the left lung

Question 36

Surfactant

A) protects the surface of the lungs.
B) phagocytizes small particulates.
C) replaces mucus in the alveoli.
D) is not produced sufficiently in most premature infants.
E) is not found in healthy lung tissue.

Question 37

In individuals afflicted with CF, which of the following can occur?

A) production of dense, viscous mucus
B) interruption of mucus transport
C) blockage of respiratory passageways
D) frequent bacterial infections
E) all of the above

Question 38

The walls of the alveoli are composed of

A) stratified epithelium.
B) pseudostratified epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) loose connective tissue.
E) reticular connective tissue.

Question 39

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and lungs is

A) pulmonary ventilation.
B) external respiration.
C) internal respiration.
D) cellular respiration.
E) breathing.

Question 40

The force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is supplied by

A) the diaphragm.
B) the abdominal muscles.
C) external intercostal muscles.
D) atmospheric pressure.
E) scalene muscles.

Question 41

Gas volume is

A) directly proportional to pressure.
B) directly proportional to temperature.
C) indirectly proportional to pressure.
D) indirectly proportional to temperature.
E) B and C only

Question 42

Katrina lives in St. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend a month of her summer vacation working in the mountains outside of Denver. After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as Katrina adapts to the higher altitude?

A) decreased hematocrit
B) decreased blood pressure
C) decreased alveolar ventilation rate
D) decreased P_O2 in the alveoli
E) all of the above

Question 43

Forced expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the

A) scalenes.
B) diaphragm.
C) abdominal muscles.
D) external intercostals.
E) serratus anterior.

Question 44

If a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he or she cannot exhale any more, the amount of air expelled would be his or her

A) tidal volume.
B) inspiratory reserve volume.
C) expiratory reserve volume.
D) minimal volume.
E) vital capacity.

Question 45

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs in a normal respiratory cycle is the

A) total lung capacity.
B) vital capacity.
C) tidal volume.
D) residual volume.
E) inspiratory volume.

Question 46

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

Question 47

The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when

A) carbon dioxide increases.
B) carbon dioxide decreases.
C) bicarbonate ions increase.
D) temperature increases.
E) carbonic acid decreases.

Question 48

In quiet breathing,

A) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
B) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
D) inspiration and expiration are both passive processes.
E) none of the above

Question 49

Which of the following is greater?

A) the partial pressure of oxygen in the arteries
B) the partial pressure of oxygen in the veins

Question 50

Decompression sickness is a painful condition that results in ________ gas coming out of solution in the bloodstream.

A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 51

A device called a pneumotachometer measures

A) the rate of air movement.
B) the maximum rate of forced expiration.
C) expiratory reserve volume.
D) inspiratory reserve volume.
E) vital capacity.

Question 52

Which of the following is true because of the dead air space in the passageways?

A) The carbon dioxide level in the lungs is always higher than that in the atmosphere.
B) Air exchange is more complete.
C) The carbon dioxide level in the lungs is always lower than that in the atmosphere.
D) The lungs receive a complete exchange with fresh air every cycle.
E) all of the above

Question 53

Which of the following has the highest value?

A) vital capacity
B) tidal volume
C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) inspiratory capacity
E) expiratory reserve volume

Question 54

Which of the following is lower?

A) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
B) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in air

Question 55

The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the

A) diaphragm.
B) external intercostal muscles.
C) elastic recoil of lung tissue and the thoracic cage.
D) alveoli.
E) smooth muscles in the airways.

Question 56

One measure of pulmonary function can be determined by a spirometer. This instrument measures

A) vital capacity.
B) maximum rate of air movement.
C) expiratory reserve.
D) inspiratory reserve.
E) A, C, and D

Question 57

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is

A) dissolved in plasma.
B) bound to hemoglobin.
C) in ionic form as solute (bicarbonate) in the plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.

Question 58

Air moves out of the lungs because

A) the gas pressure in the lungs is less than the outside pressure.
B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.
C) contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 59

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to

A) increase the temperature of the plasma.
B) increase the partial pressure of oxygen.
C) decrease the partial pressure of oxygen.
D) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs.
E) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.

Question 60

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes

A) carbon dioxide to react with water.
B) carbon dioxide to react with bicarbonate ions.
C) water to react with bicarbonate ions.
D) water to react with hydrogen ions.
E) none of the above

Question 61

The layer of serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of the lung is known as _________________________.

Question 62

Hyperventilation may cause a(n)

A) decrease in blood carbon dioxide concentration and a drop in pH.
B) decrease in blood carbon dioxide concentration and an increase in pH.
C) increase in blood carbon dioxide concentration and an increase in pH.
D) increase in blood carbon dioxide concentration and an decrease in pH.
E) none of the above

Question 63

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A) decreased temperature
B) decreased pH
C) increased tissue P_O2
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 64

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

A) oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) bicarbonate ion.
D) sodium ion.
E) hemoglobin.

Question 65

Dalton's law is based on the amount of pressure each gas in a solution contributes to the total. This law is also called the law of _________________________.

Question 66

Match the term in the first column with its description in the second column.
_____ 1. sinus A. tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume,
and inspiratory reserve volume
_____ 2. surfactant B. serous membrane
_____ 3. pleura C. reduces the surface tension in the lungs
_____ 4. vital capacity D. hollow chamber
_____ 5. inflation reflex E. prevents overexpansion of lungs during forced breathing

Question 67

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are uniquely sensitive to changes in blood

A) oxygen concentration.
B) carbon dioxide concentration.
C) pH.
D) bicarbonate concentration.
E) volume.

Question 68

A chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for gaseous exchange is termed

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) emphysema.
C) asthma.
D) pneumonia.
E) none of the above

Question 69

The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet respiration is known as _________________________.

Question 70

Together, the inflation and deflation reflexes are known as the ________ reflexes.

A) red herring
B) Hering-Breuer
C) Breuer-Shipley
D) baroreceptor
E) inside angle

Question 71

The volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled in addition to normal inspiration is called the _________________________.

Question 72

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to blood

A) oxygen concentration.
B) pH.
C) carbon dioxide concentration.
D) bicarbonate concentration.
E) both B and C

Question 73

The term ________ refers to an increase in the P_CO2 of arterial blood.

A) hyperventilation
B) hypoventilation
C) hypocapnia
D) hypercapnia
E) hypoglycemia

Question 74

The lungs are divided into _________________________ that are separated by deep fissures.

Question 75

Which of the following would be lower?

A) the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the body temperature is 100.5˚F.
B) the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the body temperature is 97.4˚F.

Question 76

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established in centers located in the

A) midbrain.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) spinal cord.
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 77

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

A) decrease the rate of breathing.
B) increase the rate of breathing.
C) decrease pulmonary ventilation.
D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
E) decrease the vital capacity.

Question 78

The force that holds the layer of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs together is _________________________.

Question 79

In emphysema, the alveoli break down and coalesce into large air spaces. The lungs also lose elasticity and compliance is increased. You would expect a person who suffers from emphysema to have

A) increased dead air space.
B) decreased vital capacity.
C) elevated P_CO2 in the blood.
D) increased anteroposterior diameter of the thorax.
E) all of the above

Question 80

When the inspiratory muscles relax, the rib cage returns to its original position as a result of _________________________.