Deck 16: Group Processes

Question 1

Keenan and Marvin work at the same company.Although they work the same number of hours, produce equally high-quality work, and have the same qualifications, Keenan earns a $5,000 more per year than Marvin.Based on the equity principle, which of the following is least likely to occur:

A)Keenan feels guilty
B)Keenan increases the number of hours he works
C)Keenan blames Human Resources for their faulty pay scale
D)Keenan decreases his number of hours he works

Answer 1

Keenan decreases his number of hours he works

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?

A)Condemning people who agree with the majority opinion without offering a valid reason
B)Holding the illusion that the group is unanimous in its decision, despite personal doubts.
C)Stereotyping the enemy as too evil to attempt negotiation, or too weak to mount an effective counterattack
D)Discounting warnings that would otherwise lead people to reconsider their assumptions

Answer 2

Condemning people who agree with the majority opinion without offering a valid reason

Question 3

One complication with overcoming status generalization is that group interactions can reinforce status beliefs, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which is the best example of diffuse status generalization?

A)Making the assumption that a CEO would be a better jury foreman than a car mechanic
B)Making the assumption that a car mechanic would be a better jury foreman than a CEO
C)Making the assumption that a car mechanic would be a better group leader than a CEO in a focus group whose task is to evaluate car performance
D)Making the assumption that a CEO would be a better group leader than a car mechanic in game about managing hypothetical corporations

Question 5

Astrid and Helena live on the same floor of their dorm and are both enrolled in an introductory chemistry course.Helena often misses Friday classes to travel with the soccer team and asks Astrid for notes.Astrid does not feel obligated to give Helena notes, but chooses to do so because she genuinely likes Helena as a person.According to social exchange, which factor best explains Astrid's decision to provide Helena with notes?

A)Power
B)Trust
C)Commitment
D)Dependence

Question 6

According to social exchange theory, people's personalities usually influence behavior more than do their positions within the exchange network.

Question 7

Cory, Rider, and Topanga are working on an animal's right campaign on campus.Prior to meeting, Topanga supported eating meat occasionally and hoped the campaign could encourage students not to eat meat on Mondays.After meeting with the group, Topanga felt that students should greatly reduce their meat intake and hoped to encourage students to only eat meat once a week._____________ best describes the change in Topanga's views.

A)Risky shift
B)Group polarization
C)Cautious shift
D)Groupthink

Question 8

When members of a group are risk avoidant, having a group discussion will lead to a riskier decision.

Question 9

Greg, Amit, and Tyrone share a shift selling produce at a farmers' market.At the end, they divide the profits based on how much time each person worked the booth.What justice principle did they follow?

A)Equity
B)Equality
C)Relative needs
D)Reciprocal

Question 10

Which is NOT a major cause of groupthink?

A)Insulation of the group from its environment
B)Promotional leadership
C)High stress
D)Heterogeneity of group members

Question 11

A writer receives an Emmy and while on stage, the camera pans to her red sneakers.Over the next week, stores across the country sell out of these same sneakers.This phenomenon is known as ____________.

A)Status value
B)Status generalization
C)Status Construction
D)Status characteristic

Question 12

Egan submitted a poem to a citywide competition that he wrote an hour before the deadline.He won and received a year of free tuition to a well-respected university in the city.Egan feels guilty and like a fraud attending courses as the university.Egan is experiencing _____________.

A)Equity
B)Underreward
C)Instrumental justice
D)Imposter phenomenon

Question 13

Andrew holds the door open for a stranger, Karen.Karen then holds the door for another stranger, Johnny.This is best characterized as a _____________ exchange.

A)Negotiated
B)Reciprocal
C)Generalized
D)Productive

Question 14

Erin, Abbey, Pattie, and Gillian run a small non-profit and are drafting next year's budget.Erin, the executive director, would like to avoid groupthink as they make decisions.What can Erin do to help prevent groupthink?

A)Appoint Gillian to challenge ideas as the devil's advocate
B)Remain impartial rather than show a preference for a particular course of action
C)Encourage the group to work on the draft as a whole rather than as individuals
D)All of the above

Question 15

The Bay of Pigs Invasion, in which top governmental officials reached a decision to invade Cuba with disastrous results, was an example of _________________.

A)Status generalization
B)Groupthink
C)Group polarization
D)Status construction

Question 16

According to Reciprocity Theory, which of the following exchange processes is least likely to lead to trust and positive emotion?

A)Generalized
B)Reciprocal
C)Negotiated
D)B and C are equally unlikely

Question 17

A mixed-gender focus group is evaluating a series of cars.What is the most effective way to ensure that the women receive equal status as the men?

A)Before the evaluation begins, privately supply information to the women showing that they are equally capable at the task
B)Before the evaluation begins, supply information to the whole group showing that the women are equally capable at the task
C)After the group has deliberated for a while (but before they reach their final car evaluations) privately supply information to the women showing that they are equally capable at the task
D)After the group has deliberated for a while (but before they reach their final car evaluations), supply information to the whole group showing that the women are equally capable at the task

Question 18

When a group is concerned about solidarity and avoiding conflict, they are more likely to adhere to equality principle than the equity principle.

Question 19

In determining procedural justice, feelings of control are more important to the instrumental component than to the relational component.

Question 20

Matilda's parents grounded her for staying out past curfew.Which of the following conditions will NOT increase the likelihood that she will accept the punishment as fair?

A)Her parents allow her to express disappointment after administering the punishment
B)Her parents apply that same punishment for all of their children who stay out past curfew
C)Her parents have all of the information about why she broke her curfew
D)All of the above will increase the likelihood that she will accept the punishment as fair

Question 21

DeShawn is a talented singer choosing between A cappella groups.He wants to be in a popular group.He picks a group based on the number of people who attend each group's events and the attractiveness of the people in the group.DeShawn is engaging in a process known as status construction.

Question 22

Name and define the three types of distributive justice principles.Identify the conditions under which each principle tends to be preferred.

Question 23

What are diffuse status characteristics? Explain the significance of the burden-of-proof process in relation to diffuse status characteristics.

Question 24

Imagine that you and your roommate Drew both want to borrow your mutual friend Sal's motorcycle this weekend.Sal must decide who should receive the vehicle.You offer to clean the motorcycle for a month and Drew offers to do Sal's chores.At this moment, Sal has power over you.Describe two strategies for reducing that power in the context of this situation.

Question 25

Social exchange theory draws on evolutionary theory; people's actions are a result of their innate drives to further their reproductive success.

Question 26

A study suggested that women who are mothers are stereotyped as less competent than women who are not mothers; however, fathers are stereotyped as more competent than men who are not fathers.

Question 27

Define "task specialist" and "social-emotional specialist" as they apply to small groups.Who in the group is most likely to occupy each role?

Question 28

Jordan plays different roles in band and in debate club.This situation is an example of role differentiation.

Question 29

Mindguarding is a psychological strategy people use to deal with the distress of being underrewarded.

Question 30

In determining procedural justice, feeling included and valued in the decision process is more important to the instrumental component than to the relational component.

Question 31

Mateo and Camila are neighbors who help each other on homework and give each other advice.The more that Mateo exchanges with Camila and lives up to his obligations, the more that Camila will trust him.

Question 32

In groups, status hierarchies tend not to remain stable over time, unless there is pressure from an external source.

Question 33

Barry is the captain of the squash team.He can be harsh when teammates skip practice because her wants the team to win.Barry is most likely the most liked person on the team.

Question 34

People tend to perceive identical outcomes as more fair when they come from a reciprocal exchange than from a negotiated exchange.

Question 35

Imagine that you are the foreperson of a 12-person jury.You are tasked with deciding whether a defendant is guilty of assault.Name three steps you would take to avoid groupthink in this situation.