Deck 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

What term is used to identify the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

A) Absolute refractory
B) Hyperpolarization
C) Resting
D) Threshold

Answer 1

Absolute refractory

Question 2

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

A) PR interval
B) QRS complex
C) QT interval
D) P wave

Answer 2

QRS complex

Question 3

A 50-year-old received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart.Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Bundle of His
D) Ventricles

Answer 3

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 4

The PR interval viewed on a normal electrocardiogram represents:

A) atrial depolarization.
B) ventricular depolarization.
C) onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity.
D) "electrical systole" of the ventricles.

Question 5

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

A) Bachmann bundle
B) Bundle of His
C) Sinoatrial node
D) Atrioventricular node

Question 6

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

A) decrease the refractory period.
B) increase calcium influx.
C) increase the strength of myocardial contraction.
D) decrease the heart rate.

Question 7

A 20-year-old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain.Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A) Closure of the semilunar valve
B) Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves
C) Closure of the atrioventricular valve
D) Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves

Question 8

A 13-year-old took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system.Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?

A) Decreased myocardial contraction
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Increased cardiac conduction
D) Increased intranodal conduction time

Question 9

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

A) a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions.
B) the rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane.
C) a blockade by calcium ions.
D) stimuli instigated during the refractory period.

Question 10

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

A) Ventricular activity
B) Pulmonary artery closure
C) Mitral valve opening
D) Aortic valve closing

Question 11

A function of the pericardium is to:

A) provide a barrier against extracardial infections.
B) improve blood flow through the heart.
C) play a role in cardiac conduction.
D) assist in cardiac contraction.

Question 12

Which statement indicates the nurse understands coronary ostia? The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries)are found in the:

A) left ventricle.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) coronary sinus.
D) aorta.

Question 13

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA)node because it:

A) has a superior location in the right atrium.
B) is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization.
C) has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve.
D) depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 14

The pericardium is:

A) the outer muscular layer of the heart.
B) the innermost layer of the heart chambers.
C) a membranous sac that encloses the heart.
D) the heart's fibrous skeleton.

Question 15

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle

Question 16

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

A) aorta.
B) left ventricle.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.

Question 17

Which structures act as anchors for the atrioventricular valves?

A) Chordae tendineae
B) Great vessels
C) Coronary ostia
D) Trabeculae carneae

Question 18

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

A) Tunica adventitia
B) Connective
C) Mesothelium
D) Endothelium

Question 19

Which structures would not receive an electrical impulse when the patient is experiencing a left bundle branch block?

A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Bundle of His
D) The left ventricle

Question 20

A 28-year-old with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity.Which result will the nurse expect to occur?

A) Increased speed of cardiac cycle
B) Increased cardiac contractility
C) Decreased vasodilation
D) Decreased cardiac conduction

Question 21

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

A) cerebral cortex.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 22

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion called?

A) Myosins
B) Intercalated disks
C) Troponin Ts
D) I bands

Question 23

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (select all that apply)

A) Preload
B) Peripheral vascular resistance
C) Afterload
D) Ejection fraction
E) Contractility

Question 24

Within a normal physiologic range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

A) an increased force of contraction.
B) a decrease in cardiac output.
C) an increase in heart rate.
D) heart failure.

Question 25

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?

A) Vascular resistance
B) Preload
C) Cardiac output
D) Ejection fraction

Question 26

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

A) Preload
B) Afterload
C) Systemic vascular resistance
D) Total peripheral resistance

Question 27

One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:

A) cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks.
B) skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus.
C) cardiac muscle cells appear striped.
D) skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres.

Question 28

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

A) left subclavian artery.
B) right atrium.
C) right subclavian vein.
D) left subclavian vein.

Question 29

The process by which an action potential in the plasma membrane of a myocardial cell triggers the events that directly cause contraction of the myocardial cells is referred to as:

A) electrocontraction.
B) intercalated communication.
C) excitation-contraction coupling.
D) myosin communication.

Question 30

Blood flow is affected by: (select all that apply)

A) blood viscosity.
B) blood vessel diameter.
C) blood pressure.
D) blood vessel length.
E) blood composition.

Question 31

A 50-year-old was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope.Which endogenous substances would be most similar?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Thyroid hormone

Question 32

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

A) autonomic regulation.
B) somatic regulation.
C) autoregulation.
D) metabolic regulation.

Question 33

Baroreceptors are located in the:

A) renal artery.
B) superior vena cava.
C) carotid artery.
D) circle of Willis.

Question 34

Muscle contractions occur when there is a decreased:

A) distance between Z lines.
B) A band length.
C) Z line length.
D) H zone distance.

Question 35

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

A) pressure; duration
B) volume; force
C) viscosity; force
D) viscosity; duration

Question 36

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

A) C.
B) I.
C) T.
D) M.

Question 37

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

A) increased heart rate.
B) decreased blood pressure.
C) increased rate and depth of respirations.
D) decreased myocardial contractility.