Question 1

A 50-year-old was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope.Which endogenous substances would be most similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Thyroid hormone 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Thyroid hormone A

Question 2

Baroreceptors are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid artery. 
D)  circle of Willis. 
A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid artery. 
D)  circle of Willis. C

Question 3

What term is used to identify the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute refractory 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Resting 
D)  Threshold 
A)  Absolute refractory 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Resting 
D)  Threshold A

Question 4

A 20-year-old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain.Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closure of the semilunar valve 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valve 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves 
A)  Closure of the semilunar valve 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valve 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves

Question 5

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  Bundle of His 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Atrioventricular node 
A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  Bundle of His 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Atrioventricular node

Question 6

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

Accepted Answer

A)  C. 
B)  I. 
C)  T. 
D)  M. 
A)  C. 
B)  I. 
C)  T. 
D)  M.

Question 7

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vascular resistance 
B)  Preload 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Ejection fraction 
A)  Vascular resistance 
B)  Preload 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Ejection fraction

Question 8

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave 
A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave

Question 9

Which structures act as anchors for the atrioventricular valves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chordae tendineae 
B)  Great vessels 
C)  Coronary ostia 
D)  Trabeculae carneae 
A)  Chordae tendineae 
B)  Great vessels 
C)  Coronary ostia 
D)  Trabeculae carneae

Question 10

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance 
A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance

Question 11

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular activity 
B)  Pulmonary artery closure 
C)  Mitral valve opening 
D)  Aortic valve closing 
A)  Ventricular activity 
B)  Pulmonary artery closure 
C)  Mitral valve opening 
D)  Aortic valve closing

Question 12

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic regulation. 
B)  somatic regulation. 
C)  autoregulation. 
D)  metabolic regulation. 
A)  autonomic regulation. 
B)  somatic regulation. 
C)  autoregulation. 
D)  metabolic regulation.

Question 13

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle.

Question 14

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle

Question 15

Muscle contractions occur when there is a decreased:

Accepted Answer

A)  distance between Z lines. 
B)  A band length. 
C)  Z line length. 
D)  H zone distance. 
A)  distance between Z lines. 
B)  A band length. 
C)  Z line length. 
D)  H zone distance.

Question 16

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heart rate. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations. 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility. 
A)  increased heart rate. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations. 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility.

Question 17

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 18

Which structures would not receive an electrical impulse when the patient is experiencing a left bundle branch block?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
B)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  The left ventricle 
A)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
B)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  The left ventricle

Question 19

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  the rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane. 
C)  a blockade by calcium ions. 
D)  stimuli instigated during the refractory period. 
A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  the rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane. 
C)  a blockade by calcium ions. 
D)  stimuli instigated during the refractory period.

Question 20

A 50-year-old received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart.Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
B)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Ventricles 
A)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
B)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Ventricles

Exam 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

A 50-year-old was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope.Which endogenous substances would be most similar?

Baroreceptors are located in the:

What term is used to identify the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

A 20-year-old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain.Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

Which structures act as anchors for the atrioventricular valves?

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

Muscle contractions occur when there is a decreased:

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

Which structures would not receive an electrical impulse when the patient is experiencing a left bundle branch block?

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

A 50-year-old received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart.Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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