Deck 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Question 1

The trigone is defined as:

A) the orifice of the ureter.
B) the inner area of the kidney.
C) a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
D) the three divisions of the loop of Henle.

Answer 1

a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.

Question 2

Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption take place?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct

Answer 2

Proximal tubule

Question 3

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR)is directly related to the:

A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
B) oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
C) vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles.
D) hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.

Answer 3

perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.

Question 4

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) pyramids.
D) columns.

Question 5

What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

A) Renal artery
B) Arcuate artery
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Vasa recta

Question 6

Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

A) Juxtamedullary
B) Midcortical
C) Cortical
D) Medullary

Question 7

The blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

A) vagus nerve.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 8

Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP)
C) Renin
D) Aldosterone

Question 9

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

A) increased blood volume.
B) elevated sodium concentrations.
C) decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles.
D) renal hypertension.

Question 10

When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the nurse use?

A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Collecting duct
D) Pyramid

Question 11

The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

A) sodium secretion.
B) potassium secretion.
C) hydrogen ion reabsorption.
D) water reabsorption.

Question 12

On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 10-14%
B) 15-19%
C) 20-25%
D) 26-35%

Question 13

When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa
C) Mesangial cells
D) Loop of Henle

Question 14

When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

A) all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed.
B) the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption.
C) filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination.
D) the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.

Question 15

What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa cells
C) Mesangial cells
D) Filtration slits

Question 16

When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

A) Sodium and chlorine
B) Phosphate and calcium
C) Hydrogen and potassium
D) Bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Question 17

A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted in the urine when:

A) the maximum rate of glucose filtration is achieved.
B) the carrier molecules have reached their maximum.
C) glucose is consumed.
D) the ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose is lost.

Question 18

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

A) corpuscle.
B) capsule.
C) medulla.
D) pyramid.

Question 19

When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

A) membranous
B) prostatic
C) cavernous
D) vas deferens

Question 20

What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

A) Collecting duct
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Major calyx

Question 21

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased uric acid secretion
D) Hypermagnesemia

Question 22

Which renal structures drain directly into the calyces? (select all that apply)

A) Distal tubule
B) Collecting duct
C) Pyramid
D) Renal pelvis
E) Loop of Henle

Question 23

The components of the nephron include the: (select all that apply)

A) loop of Henle.
B) renal corpuscle.
C) proximal tubule.
D) renal pelvis.
E) convoluted tubule.

Question 24

A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ milliliters per day.

Question 25

A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (Pc?)concentration are _____ related.

A) directly
B) indirectly
C) inversely
D) not

Question 26

On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

Question 27

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

A) Creatinine
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin

Question 28

A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.

Question 29

If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?

A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
C) Volume of urine output
D) Urine-specific gravity