Question 1

A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.

Accepted Answer

85

Question 2

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatinine 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Renin 
A)  Creatinine 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Renin C

Question 3

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  pyramids. 
D)  columns. 
A)  medulla. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  pyramids. 
D)  columns. B

Question 4

What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Podocytes 
B)  Macula densa cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Filtration slits 
A)  Podocytes 
B)  Macula densa cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Filtration slits

Question 5

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  elevated sodium concentrations. 
C)  decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles. 
D)  renal hypertension. 
A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  elevated sodium concentrations. 
C)  decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles. 
D)  renal hypertension.

Question 6

The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium secretion. 
B)  potassium secretion. 
C)  hydrogen ion reabsorption. 
D)  water reabsorption. 
A)  sodium secretion. 
B)  potassium secretion. 
C)  hydrogen ion reabsorption. 
D)  water reabsorption.

Question 7

When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

Accepted Answer

A)  all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed. 
B)  the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption. 
C)  filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination. 
D)  the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins. 
A)  all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed. 
B)  the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption. 
C)  filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination. 
D)  the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.

Question 8

On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

Accepted Answer

20
From the RPF, 20% (approxim

Question 9

The trigone is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the orifice of the ureter. 
B)  the inner area of the kidney. 
C)  a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. 
D)  the three divisions of the loop of Henle. 
A)  the orifice of the ureter. 
B)  the inner area of the kidney. 
C)  a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. 
D)  the three divisions of the loop of Henle.

Question 10

The components of the nephron include the: (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  renal corpuscle. 
C)  proximal tubule. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
E)  convoluted tubule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  renal corpuscle. 
C)  proximal tubule. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
E)  convoluted tubule.

Question 11

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyponatremia 
C)  Increased uric acid secretion 
D)  Hypermagnesemia 
A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyponatremia 
C)  Increased uric acid secretion 
D)  Hypermagnesemia

Question 12

What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal artery 
B)  Arcuate artery 
C)  Peritubular capillary 
D)  Vasa recta 
A)  Renal artery 
B)  Arcuate artery 
C)  Peritubular capillary 
D)  Vasa recta

Question 13

A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (Pcr)concentration are _____ related.

Accepted Answer

A)  directly 
B)  indirectly 
C)  inversely 
D)  not 
A)  directly 
B)  indirectly 
C)  inversely 
D)  not

Question 14

A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ milliliters per day.

Accepted Answer

400
Antidiuretic hormone secre

Question 15

On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A)  10-14% 
B)  15-19% 
C)  20-25% 
D)  26-35% 
A)  10-14% 
B)  15-19% 
C)  20-25% 
D)  26-35%

Question 16

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

Accepted Answer

A)  corpuscle. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  pyramid. 
A)  corpuscle. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  pyramid.

Question 17

Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP) 
C)  Renin 
D)  Aldosterone 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP) 
C)  Renin 
D)  Aldosterone

Question 18

What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting duct 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Major calyx 
A)  Collecting duct 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Major calyx

Question 19

When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium and chlorine 
B)  Phosphate and calcium 
C)  Hydrogen and potassium 
D)  Bicarbonate and carbonic acid 
A)  Sodium and chlorine 
B)  Phosphate and calcium 
C)  Hydrogen and potassium 
D)  Bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Question 20

Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juxtamedullary 
B)  Midcortical 
C)  Cortical 
D)  Medullary 
A)  Juxtamedullary 
B)  Midcortical 
C)  Cortical 
D)  Medullary

Exam 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

The trigone is defined as:

The components of the nephron include the: (select all that apply)

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (Pcr)concentration are _____ related.

A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ milliliters per day.

On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (P_cr)concentration are _____ related.