Deck 14: Protecting Your Sexuality: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections and

Question 1

Approximately how many people in the United States are currently living with HIV/AIDS?

A)1 million
B)5 million
C)10 million
D)15 million

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What medical condition is characterized by the inner lining of the cervix turning to the outer edge, thereby creating an increased risk for contracting an STI?

A)cervical radiculopathy
B)cervical cancer
C)cervical spondylosis
D)cervical ectopy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how have reported rates of chlamydia in the U.S.changed since 1989?

A)increased for both men and women
B)decreased for both men and women
C)stayed the same for the entire population
D)increased for men while decreasing for women

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pregnant women who are infected with gonorrhea are particularly at high risk for developing what other health condition?

A)damage to the fallopian tubes
B)ectopic pregnancy
C)ovarian cancer
D)diabetes

Question 5

Pregnant women who are infected with chlamydia are particularly at high risk for developing what other health condition?

A)miscarriage
B)liver damage
C)pelvic inflammatory disease
D)irritable bowel syndrome

Question 6

Because young women have larger transformation zones than older women, younger women are:

A)able to experience more intense orgasms.
B)more likely to experience vaginal dryness.
C)at greater risk for contracting an STI.
D)at lower risk for contracting an STI.

Question 7

Pregnant women who are infected with syphilis are particularly at high risk for developing what other health condition?

A)liver damage
B)genital warts
C)miscarriage
D)kidney failure

Question 8

The transformation zone refers to the:

A)space within a woman's cervix where an STI transforms into a viral infection.
B)space within a woman's cervix that divides squamous and epithelial cells.
C)space within a woman's cervical cells that is the least vulnerable to infection.
D)space within a woman's vagina that contains a greater concentration of nerve endings than any other part of the genital region.

Question 9

According to the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) approach, which of the following does NOT contribute to an increase in STI transmission rates?

A)poverty
B)education level
C)socioeconomic status
D)genetic predisposition

Question 10

When gonorrhea is transferred between individuals through sexual activity, the bacteria survives in the _____ membrane.

A)serous
B)mucus
C)epithelial
D)connective

Question 11

What proportion of all STIs are found in young adults under the age of 25?

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)one half
D)two-thirds

Question 12

Infants born to women who are infected with chlamydia during their pregnancies are particularly at risk for experiencing which medical condition?

A)diabetes
B)blindness
C)stillbirth
D)mental retardation

Question 13

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which racial-ethnic minority group in the U.S.has by far the highest infection rate of gonorrhea?

A)American Indian
B)Hispanic
C)Asian
D)Black

Question 14

Infants born to women who are infected with gonorrhea during their pregnancies are particularly at risk for experiencing which medical condition?

A)mental retardation
B)premature birth
C)pneumonia
D)diabetes

Question 15

Cervical _____ is a physical condition characterized by an abnormal growth of cells on the cervix.

A)radiculopathy
B)dysplasia
C)expansion
D)ectopy

Question 16

Infants born to women who are infected with syphilis during their pregnancies are particularly at risk for experiencing which medical condition?

A)stillbirth
B)diabetes
C)heart murmur
D)abdominal growths

Question 17

The correct term for diseases that are conveyed from one person to another through sexual contact - including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex - is:

A)communal health threats.
B)socially transmittable illnesses.
C)sexually communicated diseases.
D)sexually transmitted infections.

Question 18

Pregnant women who are infected with HPV are particularly at high risk for developing what other health condition?

A)blindness
B)miscarriage
C)ectopic pregnancy
D)warts in birth canal

Question 19

Infants born to women who are infected with trichomoniasis during their pregnancies are particularly at risk for experiencing which medical condition?

A)low birth weight
B)pneumonia
C)diabetes
D)eye infections

Question 20

All of the following are symptoms of gonorrhea in men except:

A)foul-smelling penile discharge
B)painful or burning urination
C)large bumps on the penis
D)tender or painful testicles

Question 21

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through bodily fluids (such as semen, saliva, blood, and urine) during sexual contact?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis B
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis D

Question 22

The primary purpose of providing suppressive therapy treatments to individuals who have viral infections is to:

A)prevent the infected person from transmitting the infection to others.
B)reduce the frequency and discomfort associated with the symptoms.
C)minimize the continued spread of the infection throughout the body.
D)provide aid to the individual's white blood cells to better combat the infection.

Question 23

Which of these viruses is spread through consuming food that has been contaminated by infected fecal matter?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Herpes
C)HPV
D)HIV

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of chlamydia in women?

A)bladder infection
B)pain during sexual intercourse
C)mild lower abdominal cramping
D)red, scaly rash in the vaginal area

Question 25

Which of the following STIs is caused by a bacterial agent?

A)HPV
B)HIV
C)Herpes
D)Syphilis

Question 26

The soft, moist, flesh-colored growths found on the vulva, vagina, anus, cervix, penis, scrotum, groin, or thigh of someone who is infected with the human papillomavirus are commonly referred to as:

A)chancres
B)skin tags
C)genital warts
D)chalizons

Question 27

Individuals who are infected with the HIV virus develop AIDS when:

A)the HIV virus has spread to over fifty percent of the body's T-cells.
B)the medications they are taking no longer suppress their symptoms.
C)their bodies are no longer able to launch an immune system response.
D)the virus is no longer able to replicate itself throughout the person's body.

Question 28

Which of the following STIs is caused by the viral agent known as HSV-1?

A)Hodgkin's
B)herpes
C)hepatitis
D)hypertension

Question 29

Among people in the U.S.diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in 2007, the most common stage of the life course in which the diagnosis was made was:

A)childhood
B)adolescence
C)early to middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 30

A mother infected with HIV may pass the virus directly to her baby by all of the following mechanisms except:

A)during delivery as the baby moves through the birth canal.
B)through breast milk via breast feeding.
C)through the placenta while the fetus is in the uterus.
D)while bathing the infant.

Question 31

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which racial-ethnic group in the U.S.has the highest rate of chlamydia?

A)Black
B)White
C)Asian
D)American Indian

Question 32

Within two weeks of transmission, a person infected with herpes may develop:

A)foul-smelling penile or vaginal discharge.
B)a chancre at the site of infection.
C)headaches and a high fever.
D)blister-like sores.

Question 33

Which bodily fluid contains the highest concentration of the HIV virus?

A)blood
B)semen
C)urine
D)vaginal mucous

Question 34

Barbara developed blister-like sores that began to "weep," then scabbed over, and eventually healed about four weeks later.Barbara has most likely contracted which STI?

A)HPV
B)Herpes
C)Syphilis
D)Gonorrhea

Question 35

Used to diagnosis HIV, the ELISA test is used to detect the presence of antibodies in which bodily substance?

A)blood
B)urine
C)semen
D)feces

Question 36

Mike is currently infected with syphilis.Which of the following is most likely to spread the infection to his partner?

A)his partner comes into physical contact with Mike's urine
B)his partner consumes Mike's semen orally
C)his partner has direct physical contact with Mike's sores
D)Mike and his partner share eating utensils

Question 37

Gardasil is a vaccination that doctors now recommend giving to 11 and 12 year old boys and girls to prevent the contraction of which virus?

A)HIV
B)HPV
C)MMR
D)Hepatitis

Question 38

Researchers have identified a strong link between contracting _____ and later developing particular kinds of mouth, cervical, vaginal, and penile cancer.

A)HPV
B)Herpes
C)Gonorrhea
D)Chlamydia

Question 39

Which type of hepatitis is typically spread through receiving unscreened blood from a transfusion and through sharing infected needles used for drug injection?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis B
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis D

Question 40

Which of the following occurs during the first stage of a syphilis infection?

A)An itchy rash develops in the genital area.
B)A chancre appears at the site of infection.
C)The infected individual develops a high fever.
D)The infected individual experiences frequent bouts of fatigue.

Question 41

Genital warts are the most common form of ectoparasitic infection found among the U.S.population.

Question 42

One of the opportunistic infections that people with the AIDS virus are vulnerable to is _____, which is a parasite infection that causes headaches, seizures, and altered mental states.

A)oral candidiasis
B)toxoplasmosis
C)cryptococcosis
D)Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 43

Which of the following STIs can be effectively treated with antibiotics?

A)syphilis
B)gonorrhea
C)trichomoniasis
D)All of these STIs can be effectively treated with antibiotics.

Question 44

Nearly two-thirds of people living with HIV/AIDS around the world are located in:

A)sub-Saharan Africa.
B)Eastern Asia.
C)North America.
D)South America.

Question 45

Although people who contract HIV occasionally experience mild flu-like symptoms during the initial stage of infection, many people who are infected are symptom-free for about 10 years.

Question 46

Within hours, _____ cells target and attempt to destroy a foreign pathogen that has entered the body.

A)Contractile
B)T-Helper
C)Epithelial
D)Cilated

Question 47

Often referred to as the "silent disease" because so many infected people have no noticeable symptoms, _____ is now the most common STI found in the U.S.population.

A)scabies
B)chlamydia
C)pediculosis
D)shigellosis

Question 48

Protease and fusion inhibitors are antiretroviral drugs used to treat patients infected with which STI?

A)HIV
B)Herpes
C)Gonorrhea
D)Toxoplasmosis

Question 49

Research indicates that by age 24, at least one in three sexually active people will have contracted an STI at some point in their lives.

Question 50

Healthcare providers use the _____ test to detect and diagnosis cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

A)Pap
B)ELISA
C)Western blot
D)blood glucose

Question 51

An individual can only become infected with genital herpes if they have sexual contact with an infected person who has an active, clearly visible outbreak at the time of the sexual encounter.

Question 52

Empirical evidence suggests that, unlike other viruses and bacterial infections, HIV produces a protein called Nef that:

A)prevents future white cell growth.
B)stops the T-cell's ability to move.
C)increases T-cell activity.
D)causes white blood cells to mutate into red blood cells

Question 53

Among U.S.women who contract HIV/AIDS, the two most common methods of transmission today are unprotected heterosexual sex and:

A)unprotected homosexual sex.
B)blood transfusions.
C)injection drug use.
D)consuming contaminated food.

Question 54

This drug, approved for use in the United States in 1987, was the first drug made available for the treatment of AIDS.

A)RMA
B)AZT
C)CST
D)FMA

Question 55

During the tertiary stage of syphilis, infected individuals may experience severe health problems including paralysis, blindness, and damage to the heart.

Question 56

With over one million cases per year reported, the most common bacterial STI in the contemporary United States is syphilis.

Question 57

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major cause of infertility among women in the United States.

Question 58

Most women who contract gonorrhea are aware of it within 24 hours of becoming infected because it produces a thick, foul-smelling, greenish-yellow vaginal discharge.

Question 59

Women are more likely than men to disclose their STI/HIV status to their sexual partners.

Question 60

Approximately 50 percent of all American college students have been tested for HIV at least once.

Question 61

Which STIs are usually transmitted from a pregnant woman to her infant when the infant passes through the birth canal?

Question 62

Identify the three types of viral hepatitis and describe how each one is transmitted.

Question 63

Research indicates that social stigma and feelings of shame play an important part in whether a person fully discloses his or her sexual health status to potential partners.What broad social changes could be made to reduce the widespread embarrassment, discomfort, and secrecy associated with sexual matters in the United States? Which social institutions - the media, clinics, religious organizations, schools, families - do you think should play a greater role in promoting honesty and openness about sexuality?

Question 64

Describe how each of the STIs discussed in the chapter can be definitively diagnosed.

Question 65

Describe the personal characteristics that place a woman at high risk for developing cervical dysplasia.

Question 66

Use the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) approach to explain why certain groups in the United States are particularly susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS.Provide specific examples to illustrate your points.

Question 67

What is Gardasil, and why is its use controversial in the United States?

Question 68

Outline the process by which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disables the immune system and discuss how antiretroviral drugs are used to inhibit this process.

Question 69

In 2009, the FDA approved an HIV home test kit.To what extent is having a home test kit available to the public likely to increase the number of Americans who get tested?
Essay:

Question 70

Explain why reducing the incidence of STIs among women would decrease the prevalence of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Question 71

Why can a pregnant woman who is infected with gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis be effectively treated with antibiotics, yet a pregnant woman who has Hepatitis B, herpes, or HIV can not?

Question 72

Identify the five most common opportunistic infections that develop in persons living with AIDS.

Question 73

Identify two medical procedures currently being used to treat cervical dysplasia.

Question 74

Drawing on your knowledge of male and female physiology and anatomy, explain why women are more susceptible to contracting STIs than men.

Question 75

Identify the five broad strategies being used by the CDC to reduce STI rates in racial-ethnic minority communities.Discuss why culturally-specific strategies are necessary to address public health issues in the United States.