Deck 7: Implicit Motives

Question 1

In Atkinson's formula to predict achievement-related behavior (Ts = Ms x Ps x Is), Ms represents:
(a)an individual's score on the PSE.
(b)the instigation force in the stream of achievement behavior.
(c)the strength of an individual's achievement motive.
(d)all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The impetus (desire) to do well relative to a standard of excellence for an achievement-oriented individual involves:
(a)performing better than others, as in winning a competition.
(b)performing a specific task well, as in solving a crossword puzzle.
(c)performing better than one has performed in the past, as in swimming faster than ever before.
(d)all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In Atkinson's formula to predict achievement-related behavior (Ts = Ms x Ps x Is), if Ps = 0.75, then Is =
(a)0.
(b)0.25.
(c)0.50.
(d)0.75.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What a person "needs" within an implicit motive is to experience:
(a)a particular pattern of affect or emotion
(b)consistent biological homeostasis
(c)control over the environment (or perceived control over the environment)
(d)mindfulness (that leads to well-being)

Question 5

The arousal of the need for achievement readies the individual to:
(a)become a leader in small groups.
(b)engage in behavior to achieve status, power, and public recognition.
(c)perform well on both extremely difficult and extremely easy tasks.
(d)pursue entrepreneurial behaviors.

Question 6

Which of the following are not acquired needs according to the text?
(a)social needs
(b)affiliation needs
(c)power needs
(d)autonomy needs

Question 7

The environmental incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential of the implicit motive for achievement is:
(a)doing something well to show personal competence.
(b)having impact on others.
(c)involvement in a warm, secure relationship
(d)opportunity to please others and gain their approval.
(e)all of the above

Question 8

When presented with a _____, people generally experience not only positive emotions like hope that energize their approach behavior but also negative emotions like anxiety that energize their avoidance behavior.
(a)highly competent role model
(b)self-handicapping opportunity
(c)situation with high arousal potential
(d)standard of excellence

Question 9

According to McClelland, Koestner, and Weinberger (1989), the best predictor of people's behavior is a(n)_________motive.
(a)implicit
(b)explicit
(c)psychological
(d)tertiary

Question 10

On average, people show __________when they face a standard of excellence, such as trying to become class valedictorian.
(a)positive emotions, like hope and pride,
(b)negative emotions, like anxiety and fear,
(c)both positive and negative emotions
(d)neither positive nor negative emotions

Question 11

Atkinson conceptualized the ___as a force within the person to prefer and to seek out achievement situations, and the ___as a force within the person to escape from (or be anxious about) achievement situations.
(a)Maf; Ms
(b)Ms; Maf
(c)Naf; Ns
(d)Ns; Naf

Question 12

Which implicit motive is described: Feel strong, sharp arousal spikes that generate a burst of epinephrine, testosterone, and
Increased blood pressure and muscle tone.Feel happy when pursuing activities such as
Riding a roller coaster and making a persuasive speech in front of a large audience.
You feel strong and empowered during social influence attempts, when attaining high
Social status, when in a position of leadership, and when dominating and directing
Others.
(a)achievement
(b)affiliation
(c)intimacy
(d)power

Question 13

The questionnaire measure to assess the implicit motives of achievement, affiliation, and power is called the _____.
(a)Big Three
(b)Inner Compass Assessment
(c)Picture Story Exercise
(d)Social Needs Questionnaire

Question 14

A ___is any challenge to the person's sense of competence that ends with an objective outcome, such as success or failure, win or lose, and correct or incorrect.
(a)dynamic of action
(b)relationship
(c)standard of excellence
(d)status test
(e)stress test

Question 15

_________are acquired emotional and behavioral potentials to act that are activated by particular situational incentives.
(a)Identified ways of regulating behavior
(b)Organismic needs
(c)Psychological needs
(d)Implicit motives

Question 16

The environmental incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential of the implicit motive for affiliation is:
(a)doing something well to show personal competence.
(b)having impact on others.
(c)involvement in a warm, secure relationship
(d)opportunity to please others and gain their approval.
(e)all of the above

Question 17

The environmental incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential of the implicit motive for intimacy is:
(a)doing something well to show personal competence.
(b)having impact on others.
(c)involvement in a warm, secure relationship
(d)opportunity to please others and gain their approval.
(e)all of the above

Question 18

Implicit means _____.
(a)conscious
(b)developmental
(c)important
(d)unconscious

Question 19

The environmental incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential of the implicit motive for power is:
(a)doing something well to show personal competence.
(b)having impact on others.
(c)involvement in a warm, secure relationship
(d)opportunity to please others and gain their approval.
(e)all of the above

Question 20

Which of the following statements best summarizes the conclusions revealed by investigating the childrearing antecedents of implicit motives such as achievement or
Power?
(a)An adult's implicit motives develop from genetic (biological)dispositions.
(b)An adult's implicit motives develop mostly from genetic dispositions but also from socialization experiences acquired through learning.
(c)An adult's implicit motives develop from early childrearing experiences.
(d)Few childrearing experiences explain adults' implicit motives because implicit motives change over time as one's adult life experiences (e.g., occupation)change.

Question 21

The desire to affiliate ___in embarrassing situations; the desire to affiliate ___in anxiety-producing situations.
(a)decreases; decreases
(b)increases; increases
(c)decreases; increases
(d)increases; decreases

Question 22

The dynamics-of-action model attempts to predict a person's latency to engage in an achievement-related activity.When ________, the individual engages in achievement-related behavior the slowest.That is, the person's latency is very high and he or she procrastinates.
(a)Maf > Ms
(b)Maf < Ms
(c)Maf = Ms, and both are high
(d)Maf = Ms, and both are low

Question 23

The dynamics-of-action model attempts to predict a person's latency to engage in an achievement-related activity.When ________, the individual engages in achievement-related behavior the quickest.That is, the person's latency is very low, and they get right to work without procrastination.
(a)Maf > Ms
(b)Maf < Ms
(c)Maf = Ms, and both are high
(d)Maf = Ms, and both are low

Question 24

Which of the following is not an environmental condition that satisfies the need for achievement?
(a)competition
(b)entrepreneurship
(c)a moderately challenging task
(d)success feedback

Question 25

A person high in the implicit motive for power would be most attracted to a movie or a book that featured a key scene showing:
(a)death or dying
(b)optimal challenge
(c)people falling in love
(d)inspirational speeches

Question 26

In the dynamics-of-action model, which of the following is a synonym for inhibition?
(a)Pf
(b)Ps
(c)Taf
(d)Ts

Question 27

Winter asserts that high-power individuals tend to gather an assortment of power symbols, or "prestige possessions." According to the text, power-seeking individuals are more likely to own:
(a)a Volkswagen beetle.
(b)rare coins.
(c)an Ipad.
(d)a rifle.

Question 28

When recalling a peak experience in his or her life, which of the following would most likely come to mind for the person with a high need for power? The day he or she:
(a)graduated from high school or college.
(b)was elected to an important office.
(c)was married.
(d)won an important athletic competition.

Question 29

One key negative side of a high level of the implicit motive for power is the person's tendency toward:
(a)a lack of empathy for others
(b)illness (or getting sick)
(c)passion
(d)traumatic experiences

Question 30

According to the text, the need for _________involves establishing, maintaining, and restoring relationships with others, mostly to escape from and to avoid negative emotions such as disapproval and loneliness.
(a)intimacy
(b)affiliation
(c)social contact
(d)family

Question 31

The leadership motive pattern consists of all of the following except:
(a)above-average activity inhibition.
(b)above-average need for achievement.
(c)above-average need for power.
(d)below-average need for intimacy/affiliation.

Question 32

According to McAdams, the ___motive is the social motive to engage in warm, close, positive interpersonal relations that hold little fear of rejection.
(a)achievement
(b)affiliative
(c)intimacy
(d)power

Question 33

Power-oriented individuals tend to seek recognition in small groups and to find a way to make themselves visible to others, apparently in an effort to:
(a)attain influence over group outcomes.
(b)make friends.
(c)reduce their fear of rejection.
(d)all of the above

Question 34

Winter and Stewart (1978) reported that the need for power is a desire to make the physical and social world conform to their personal image or plan for it.Which of the following responses is not one of the three characteristics attributed to individuals high in the need for power?
(a)impact
(b)control
(c)affiliation
(d)influence

Question 35

Which of the following profiles of U.S.presidents has empirical research shown to be associated with the highest presidential effectiveness?
(a)high power, high intimacy, high activity inhibition
(b)high power, low intimacy, high activity inhibition
(c)high power, low intimacy, low activity inhibition
(d)low power, high intimacy, high activity inhibition

Question 36

The "leadership motive pattern" shows that specific constellations of power, affiliation, and self-control generally result in effective leadership.The characteristics that best represent an effective manager, according to the leadership motive pattern, are:
(a)low power, high affiliation, and high inhibition.
(b)low power, high affiliation, and low inhibition.
(c)high power, low affiliation, and high inhibition.
(d)high power, low affiliation, and low inhibition.
(e)high power, high affiliation, and high inhibition.

Question 37

According to the dynamics-of-action model, achievement behavior eventually ends because:
(a)external social pressures mount, often increasing the fear of failure.
(b)failure is frustrating, and it thus eventually stimulates a cessation in behavior.
(c)the fear of failure typically overwhelms the motive to succeed.
(d)once achievement behavior begins, it tends to consume itself.

Question 38

The "compassionate leadership profile" shows that specific constellations of power, affiliation, and self-control generally result in effective leadership.The characteristics that best represent an effective manager, according to the compassionate leadership profile, are:
(a)low power, high affiliation, and high inhibition.
(b)low power, high affiliation, and low inhibition.
(c)high power, low affiliation, and high inhibition.
(d)high power, low affiliation, and low inhibition.
(e)high power, high affiliation, and high inhibition.

Question 39

In considering the conditions that activate affiliative behaviors, people experience an increased desire to affiliate with others when they feel:
(a)depressed.
(b)embarrassed.
(c)fearful and anxious.
(d)overworked

Question 40

One environmental condition that involves and satisfies the implicit achievement motive is:
(a)very difficult tasks.
(b)little or no competition.
(c)entrepreneurship.
(d)working collaboratively in groups.

Question 41

Schachter found that anxious people preferred to be with other people rather than to be alone.Why do anxious people voluntarily seek out and prefer to be with others?

Question 42

What does a person high in each of the three implicit motives "need" to experience the satisfaction of that implicit motive?

Question 43

Describe both the
(a)leadership motive pattern and
(b)compassionate leadership profile in terms of the implicit motives of power and affiliation.Explain why these two constellations of implicit motives produce effective leaders.

Question 44

Select one of the three implicit motives-achievement, affiliation, or power.
Then,
(a)define it and
(b)identify any two of its behavioral consequences.

Question 45

What does the concept of achievement for the future add to the study of achievement behavior?

Question 46

When facing standards of excellence, people's emotional reactions vary. Explain why people so often feel both positive and negative emotions at the same time.

Question 47

Discuss the relationship between the need for power and interpersonal aggression.

Question 48

Use the dynamics-of-action model of achievement motivation to explain why some people show
(a)shorter latency and
(b)greater persistence than do others.In other words, explain why someone who is studying or practicing gets started and then persists for a long period of time.

Question 49

People high in the need for power desire to have high levels of all of the following except:
(a)control.
(b)impact.
(c)influence.
(d)friends.

Question 50

List the incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential for each of the three implicit motives of achievement, affiliation, and power.

Question 51

Describe the role of deficit-related affiliation social motivation and growth-related intimacy social motivation in Facebook use, and particular why people log on and why people continue to use the internet site.

Question 52

Define each of the following terms in Atkinson's model of achievement behavior and state which one(s) is(are) personality variable(s): Ts = Ms x Ps x Is.

Question 53

Explain how an implicit motive that lies dormant within the individual's personality becomes situationally activated and hence capable of motivating that person's behavior in day-to-day activities.

Question 54

Which of the following statements about power motivation is not true?
(a)High power and taking action complement one another and typically co-occur.
(b)High-power people are seen as tough negotiators who win concessions from others.
(c)High-power people express warm, positive emotions during interactions and hence influence others through relationship building.
(d)Power increases people's approach tendencies and decreases their inhibitory tendencies.

Question 55

Describe the person with a high need for intimacy by outlining his or her characteristics, thoughts, TAT themes, interaction style, and autobiographical memories seen as particularly important life themes.

Question 56

Discuss the relationship between the power motive and sympathetic nervous system activity and its implications for emotion and physical health.

Question 57

Discuss the contribution that each of the following three variables adds to the dynamics-of-action model: instigation, inhibition, and consummation.

Question 58

Differentiate between the need for affiliation and the need for intimacy.

Question 59

Define the need for achievement. Explain what sort of behavior or outcomes it predicts.