Deck 10: Utilizing Change Processes Effectively

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Question
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The fourth stage is ______.

A) dialogue
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Use Space or
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Question
______ requires integrating a strategic vision into change initiatives that redirect attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures.

A) Incremental change
B) Large-scale change
C) Critical management
D) Scaled management
Question
A highly visible leader will often play a key role in change processes by ______.

A) strategizing the change process roll-out
B) enforcing the new norms
C) capitalizing upon employee or team member engagement to ease the transition
D) bring the right people to the table
Question
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you gather information to gain an understanding of the change is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Question
The term ______ refers to that extra effort needed in order to build effective working relationships for gaining the confidence of those with whom your future success depends.

A) investment energy
B) large-scale change
C) incremental change
D) calculated risk-taking
Question
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The second stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) anger
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Question
______ is the process of becoming different yourself or fostering difference in other person or things.

A) Adjustment
B) Evolution
C) Innovation
D) Change
Question
Oftentimes change can either be approached reactively or proactively. The primary difference between the two approaches is ______.

A) one frames change as a loss or a threat, whereas the other frames change as problem to be solved or even an opportunity
B) one frames change as a personal challenge, whereas the other frames change as a shared challenge
C) one frames change as an inevitability, whereas the other frames change as an avoidable outcome
D) one frames change as a part of a larger process, whereas the other frames change as a unique event
Question
A unique aspect of Prochaska's model for change is that ______.

A) three steps occur before any action is taken
B) it prompts you to envision the outcome
C) it requires you to plan effectively
D) it does not account for the difficulty of maintaining the change
Question
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The fifth stage is ______.

A) anger
B) acceptance
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Question
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The third stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) anger
Question
The third level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Question
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you may feel as though you are just not ready for the change is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Question
Refining your personal ______ refers to making modest changes in your own behavior that people notice and at the same time convinces them to follow your lead.

A) change capacity
B) philosophy
C) brand
D) style
Question
The second level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Question
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which your own self-efficacy is both high and self-reinforcing is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Question
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you begin to experiment with possible solutions is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Question
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The first stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Question
The first level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Question
Thinking only in a rational way about change often fails to account for the ______ hurdles of the process.

A) emotional
B) strategic
C) technical
D) temporal
Question
Which of the following is not one of the three elements in the I3 change process?

A) Institutionalization
B) Initiation
C) Implementation
D) Idealization
Question
______ leadership is defined as a change process in which leaders and followers help each other advance to a higher level of morale and motivation.

A) Authentic
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) Complex
Question
A company that supports a change process by seeking to create significant change in the perceptions, values, expectations, and aspirations of employee is most likely employing what type of leadership in their change process?

A) transformational leadership
B) transactional leadership
C) complexity leadership
D) authentic leadership
Question
What the leader acts as a role model for the employees, communicates and demonstrates a clear set of values, and builds trust and credibility, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Question
______ risk-taking is making a decision that involves careful consideration of the possible outcomes.

A) Enforced
B) Temporal
C) Comprehensive
D) Calculated
Question
______ is a design principle that describes the degree to which an idea, expression, product, or service is dramatically recognized, recalled, and/or shared with others.

A) Progressive disclosure
B) Stickiness
C) Control
D) Desire line
Question
What the leader respects each employee and pays attention to their individual needs, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Question
Which of the following is not a common barrier to change processes?

A) failing to be specific about the change
B) failing to show why a change is important or necessary
C) using the wrong change-management strategy
D) disregarding a group's habit patterns
Question
What the leader articulates an energizing vision that connects with each follower and provides a meaning for tasks at hand, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Question
______ leadership is defined as a process whereby those in leadership roles directly supervise change by the setting of clear objectives for their followers as well as the use of either punishments or rewards in order to encourage compliance with these goals.

A) Authentic
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) Complex
Question
As you are implementing a change process, you should be constantly ______.

A) assessing, improving, and altering activities
B) reiterating your vision
C) convening your leadership team
D) revisiting every step of the process
Question
A company that enforces a change process through a system of rewards and punishments is likely employing what type of leadership in their change process?

A) transformational leadership
B) authentic leadership
C) complexity leadership
D) transactional leadership
Question
When applied to a change management process, what is the primary difference between transactional and transformational leadership styles?

A) Transactional leaders appeal to the self-interest of employees, whereas transformational leaders connect the followers' sense of identity with the collective identity of the organization.
B) Transactional leaders are more focused on the process, and transformational leaders are more focused on the people.
C) Transactional leaders focus on the outcomes, and transformational leaders focus on the process.
D) Transactional leaders rule by charisma, and transformational leaders guide by persuasion.
Question
The first step in any change process is to ______.

A) ideate
B) prove
C) justify
D) empower
Question
When coordinating change processes, leaders practicing ______ behaviors are frequently the most effective.

A) facilitative
B) directive
C) authoritative
D) autocratic
Question
Change ______ is a general state of disengagement from the change process due to natural cognitive, emotional, and social demands.

A) lethargy
B) resistance
C) fatigue
D) challenges
Question
What the leader provides tasks of considerable but possible challenge, encourages addressing problems in new ways, inspires critical thinking, and shares new ideas, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Question
Change is about risk-taking, but risks should be ______.

A) calculated
B) comprehensive
C) enforced
D) delayed
Question
Transformational leaders focus on the higher order motivational needs of followers, which means that they ______.

A) appeal to fundamental needs like compensation and prestige
B) help followers and the organization reach full potential
C) offer rewards such as career advancement
D) surround themselves with followers who share their values
Question
One of the most consequential aspects of leadership is how you ______.

A) clarify your values
B) express your vision
C) approach your relationship to your followers
D) structure your organization
Question
The second step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) prove
C) ideate
D) empower
Question
When a leader identifies who is likely to be affected by the change process and invites their participation, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) empower
B) prove
C) collaborate
D) ideate
Question
What are the five steps of a change process?
Question
When a leader gathers data from as many sources as possible to conceptually understand the need for change, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) justify
B) collaborate
C) ideate
D) empower
Question
The fifth step in any change process is to ______.

A) empower
B) justify
C) ideate
D) prove
Question
Transformational leaders focus on the higher order needs of their followers. What does this mean?
Question
______ is defined as having individuals step beyond the obvious solutions.

A) Lateral thinking
B) Continuous thinking
C) Ideation
D) Brainstorming
Question
What are the five steps of the ADKAR model?
Question
______ is a design principle that outlines a strategy for managing information complexity.

A) Progressive disclosure
B) Stickiness
C) Signal-to-noise ratio
D) Affordance
Question
When a leader assembles a project management team, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) justify
C) collaborate
D) empower
Question
What is change fatigue?
Question
______ is defined as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of a particular project.

A) Project processing
B) Strategic planning
C) Ideation
D) Project management
Question
When a leader encourages people to use their imaginations to generate a wide range of ideas for solving an issue, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) empower
C) justify
D) collaborate
Question
The third step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) justify
C) ideate
D) empower
Question
The fourth step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) justify
C) ideate
D) prove
Question
When a leader pretests the effects of alternatives, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) prove
C) justify
D) collaborate
Question
What are the five stages that individually typically go through when encountering radical change?
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Deck 10: Utilizing Change Processes Effectively
1
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The fourth stage is ______.

A) dialogue
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
A
2
______ requires integrating a strategic vision into change initiatives that redirect attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures.

A) Incremental change
B) Large-scale change
C) Critical management
D) Scaled management
B
3
A highly visible leader will often play a key role in change processes by ______.

A) strategizing the change process roll-out
B) enforcing the new norms
C) capitalizing upon employee or team member engagement to ease the transition
D) bring the right people to the table
C
4
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you gather information to gain an understanding of the change is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
The term ______ refers to that extra effort needed in order to build effective working relationships for gaining the confidence of those with whom your future success depends.

A) investment energy
B) large-scale change
C) incremental change
D) calculated risk-taking
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The second stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) anger
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
______ is the process of becoming different yourself or fostering difference in other person or things.

A) Adjustment
B) Evolution
C) Innovation
D) Change
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Oftentimes change can either be approached reactively or proactively. The primary difference between the two approaches is ______.

A) one frames change as a loss or a threat, whereas the other frames change as problem to be solved or even an opportunity
B) one frames change as a personal challenge, whereas the other frames change as a shared challenge
C) one frames change as an inevitability, whereas the other frames change as an avoidable outcome
D) one frames change as a part of a larger process, whereas the other frames change as a unique event
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
A unique aspect of Prochaska's model for change is that ______.

A) three steps occur before any action is taken
B) it prompts you to envision the outcome
C) it requires you to plan effectively
D) it does not account for the difficulty of maintaining the change
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The fifth stage is ______.

A) anger
B) acceptance
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The third stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) anger
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
The third level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you may feel as though you are just not ready for the change is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Refining your personal ______ refers to making modest changes in your own behavior that people notice and at the same time convinces them to follow your lead.

A) change capacity
B) philosophy
C) brand
D) style
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
The second level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which your own self-efficacy is both high and self-reinforcing is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
In Prochaska's model for change, the stage in which you begin to experiment with possible solutions is the ______ stage.

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) maintenance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Individuals typically experience radical change through multiple stages. The first stage is ______.

A) acceptance
B) depression
C) diablogue
D) shock or denial
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
The first level of change is ______.

A) identifying what you need to do differently
B) redirecting attention to entirely new processes, systems, or structures
C) clarifying what you want to change
D) making small changes to improve interpersonal relationships
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Thinking only in a rational way about change often fails to account for the ______ hurdles of the process.

A) emotional
B) strategic
C) technical
D) temporal
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
Which of the following is not one of the three elements in the I3 change process?

A) Institutionalization
B) Initiation
C) Implementation
D) Idealization
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
______ leadership is defined as a change process in which leaders and followers help each other advance to a higher level of morale and motivation.

A) Authentic
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) Complex
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
A company that supports a change process by seeking to create significant change in the perceptions, values, expectations, and aspirations of employee is most likely employing what type of leadership in their change process?

A) transformational leadership
B) transactional leadership
C) complexity leadership
D) authentic leadership
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
What the leader acts as a role model for the employees, communicates and demonstrates a clear set of values, and builds trust and credibility, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
______ risk-taking is making a decision that involves careful consideration of the possible outcomes.

A) Enforced
B) Temporal
C) Comprehensive
D) Calculated
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
______ is a design principle that describes the degree to which an idea, expression, product, or service is dramatically recognized, recalled, and/or shared with others.

A) Progressive disclosure
B) Stickiness
C) Control
D) Desire line
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
What the leader respects each employee and pays attention to their individual needs, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
Which of the following is not a common barrier to change processes?

A) failing to be specific about the change
B) failing to show why a change is important or necessary
C) using the wrong change-management strategy
D) disregarding a group's habit patterns
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
What the leader articulates an energizing vision that connects with each follower and provides a meaning for tasks at hand, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
______ leadership is defined as a process whereby those in leadership roles directly supervise change by the setting of clear objectives for their followers as well as the use of either punishments or rewards in order to encourage compliance with these goals.

A) Authentic
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) Complex
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
As you are implementing a change process, you should be constantly ______.

A) assessing, improving, and altering activities
B) reiterating your vision
C) convening your leadership team
D) revisiting every step of the process
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
A company that enforces a change process through a system of rewards and punishments is likely employing what type of leadership in their change process?

A) transformational leadership
B) authentic leadership
C) complexity leadership
D) transactional leadership
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
When applied to a change management process, what is the primary difference between transactional and transformational leadership styles?

A) Transactional leaders appeal to the self-interest of employees, whereas transformational leaders connect the followers' sense of identity with the collective identity of the organization.
B) Transactional leaders are more focused on the process, and transformational leaders are more focused on the people.
C) Transactional leaders focus on the outcomes, and transformational leaders focus on the process.
D) Transactional leaders rule by charisma, and transformational leaders guide by persuasion.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
The first step in any change process is to ______.

A) ideate
B) prove
C) justify
D) empower
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
When coordinating change processes, leaders practicing ______ behaviors are frequently the most effective.

A) facilitative
B) directive
C) authoritative
D) autocratic
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Change ______ is a general state of disengagement from the change process due to natural cognitive, emotional, and social demands.

A) lethargy
B) resistance
C) fatigue
D) challenges
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
What the leader provides tasks of considerable but possible challenge, encourages addressing problems in new ways, inspires critical thinking, and shares new ideas, which of Bass and Avolio's four leadership actions are they engaging in?

A) idealized influence and charisma
B) inspirational motivation
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Change is about risk-taking, but risks should be ______.

A) calculated
B) comprehensive
C) enforced
D) delayed
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
Transformational leaders focus on the higher order motivational needs of followers, which means that they ______.

A) appeal to fundamental needs like compensation and prestige
B) help followers and the organization reach full potential
C) offer rewards such as career advancement
D) surround themselves with followers who share their values
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
One of the most consequential aspects of leadership is how you ______.

A) clarify your values
B) express your vision
C) approach your relationship to your followers
D) structure your organization
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
The second step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) prove
C) ideate
D) empower
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
When a leader identifies who is likely to be affected by the change process and invites their participation, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) empower
B) prove
C) collaborate
D) ideate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
What are the five steps of a change process?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
When a leader gathers data from as many sources as possible to conceptually understand the need for change, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) justify
B) collaborate
C) ideate
D) empower
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
The fifth step in any change process is to ______.

A) empower
B) justify
C) ideate
D) prove
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
Transformational leaders focus on the higher order needs of their followers. What does this mean?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
______ is defined as having individuals step beyond the obvious solutions.

A) Lateral thinking
B) Continuous thinking
C) Ideation
D) Brainstorming
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
What are the five steps of the ADKAR model?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
______ is a design principle that outlines a strategy for managing information complexity.

A) Progressive disclosure
B) Stickiness
C) Signal-to-noise ratio
D) Affordance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
When a leader assembles a project management team, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) justify
C) collaborate
D) empower
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
What is change fatigue?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
______ is defined as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of a particular project.

A) Project processing
B) Strategic planning
C) Ideation
D) Project management
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
When a leader encourages people to use their imaginations to generate a wide range of ideas for solving an issue, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) empower
C) justify
D) collaborate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
The third step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) justify
C) ideate
D) empower
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
The fourth step in any change process is to ______.

A) collaborate
B) justify
C) ideate
D) prove
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
When a leader pretests the effects of alternatives, they are engaging in which stage of designing others' success during change?

A) ideate
B) prove
C) justify
D) collaborate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
What are the five stages that individually typically go through when encountering radical change?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.