Deck 4: Newspapers

Question 1

When newspaper circulation figures include readers who did not originally buy the papers they read,they are said to include _____________ readership.

A) pass-along
B) cumulative
C) cume
D) progressive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

With the turn of the nineteenth century,urbanization,growing industries,the movement of workers to the cities,and increasing literacy combined to create an audience for a new kind of paper,one in which the price per copy was very low but on which publishers could make a profit by selling advertising.These papers were known as

A) yellow journalism.
B) the penny press.
C) pulp papers.
D) tabloids.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of a new technology or product is known as

A) agenda setting.
B) disruptive transition.
C) crowdfunded journalism.
D) alternative press.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The first 10 amendments to the U.S.Constitution are called the

A) Emancipation Proclamation.
B) Magna Carta.
C) Freedom of Speech and Press.
D) Bill of Rights.

Question 5

The first penny paper was the _____________,first published by Benjamin Day in 1833.

A) New York Morning Herald
B) New York Tribune
C) New York Sun
D) Chicago Tribune

Question 6

Among the earliest "newspapers" were the daily reports of the actions of the Roman Senate,called

A) broadsides.
B) Acta Diurna.
C) corantos.
D) diurnals.

Question 7

Seventeenth-century one-page news sheets about events on the European continent,which were printed in English in Holland and imported into England by booksellers,were called

A) broadsides.
B) Acta Diurna.
C) corantos.
D) diurnals.

Question 8

In 1734,New York Weekly Journal publisher _____________ was jailed for publishing "scandalous libels" about the governor of Massachusetts.Nonetheless,it established the fact that a popular paper could challenge authority.

A) Peter Zenger
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) James Franklin
D) John Campbell

Question 9

Single-sheet announcements or accounts of events imported from England and posted on walls in the American colonies were called

A) broadsides.
B) Acta Diurna.
C) corantos.
D) diurnals.

Question 10

One penny paper,Horace Greeley's _____________,established the mass newspaper as a powerful medium of social action through its use of non-sensationalistic,issues-oriented,and humanitarian reporting.

A) New York Morning Herald
B) New York Tribune
C) New York Sun
D) Chicago Tribune

Question 11

In response to radio and magazines' challenge for advertising dollars,newspapers began consolidating into groups,known as _____________.Hearst and Scripps were among the most powerful,owning papers in different cities across the country.

A) syndicated
B) chains
C) combines
D) conglomerates

Question 12

The 1798 _____________ made illegal the writing,publishing,or printing of "any false scandalous and malicious writing" about the president,Congress,or the federal government.

A) Stamp Act
B) Bill of Rights
C) Alien and Sedition Acts
D) First Amendment

Question 13

In 1849,six large New York papers,including the Sun,Herald,and Tribune,decided to pool efforts and share expenses in collecting news from foreign ships docking at the city's harbor.In doing so they established the first

A) penny press.
B) yellow tabloid.
C) wire service.
D) syndicate.

Question 14

The first African-American newspaper was _____________,published initially in 1827 by John B.Russwurum and the Reverend Samuel Cornish.

A) the North Star
B) the Chicago Tribune
C) The Ram's Horn
D) Freedom's Journal

Question 15

Advertisign rates for online newspapers are determined by how many times the online ad is seen,or its

A) click bait.
B) impressions.
C) pass-along readership.
D) paywall.

Question 16

The first newspaper printed in the colonies lasted only one day.Its publisher,Benjamin Harris,called it

A) Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
B) Boston News-letter.
C) New-England Courant.
D) Pennsylvania Gazette.

Question 17

Frederick Douglass's _____________,founded in 1847 with the masthead slogan "Right is of no Sex-Truth is of no Color-God is the Father of us all,and we are all Brethren," was the most influential African-American newspaper before the Civil War.

A) the North Star
B) the Chicago Tribune
C) The Ram's Horn
D) Freedom's Journal

Question 18

Englishmen Nathaniel Butter,Thomas Archer,and Nicholas Bourne published the first true forerunners of our daily newspaper in the 1640s,using the same title for consecutive editions.They called their news sheets

A) broadsides.
B) Acta Diurna.
C) corantos.
D) diurnals.

Question 19

In 1883,Hungarian immigrant Joseph Pulitzer bought the troubled New York World.His readership was "the common man," and he succeeded in reaching readers with light,sensationalistic news coverage,extensive use of illustrations,and circulation-building stunts and promotions.This brand of journalism became known as

A) the penny press.
B) yellow journalism.
C) wire reporting.
D) syndication publishing.

Question 20

Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that financial independence,based on advertising sales and other nonofficial economic support,could lead to editorial independence for his newspaper,the

A) Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
B) Boston News-letter.
C) New-England Courant.
D) Pennsylvania Gazette.

Question 21

The feature services,or _____________,do not gather and distribute news.Instead,they operate as clearinghouses for the work of columnists,essayists,cartoonists,and other creative individuals.

A) wire services
B) syndicates
C) chains
D) joint operating agreements

Question 22

Because so many newspapers now have online versions of their publications,many observers feel that "circulation" is an insufficient measure of a paper's true readership.They propose a new metric that combines paper and unique online readers called

A) cumulative eyes.
B) total readership.
C) integrated audience reach.
D) market saturation.

Question 23

Long Island's Newsday is the twelfth-largest paper in the country with a print circulation of over 265,000.It is classified as a _____________ newspaper.

A) national daily newspaper
B) large metropolitan daily
C) zoned edition
D) suburban daily

Question 24

The press' guarantee of freedom,as well as all people's right to free speech,is set out in which amendment to the U.S.Constitution?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Fourteenth

Question 25

The newest national daily newspaper in the United States,founded in 1982,is

A) the New York Times.
B) the Wall Street Journal.
C) USA Today.
D) the Christian Science Monitor.

Question 26

The practice of newspapers making some or all of their online content available only to paying subscribers is known as a

A) paywall.
B) firewall.
C) zoned edition.
D) penny press.

Question 27

Approximately what percentage of a daily newspaper's space is given to advertising?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 75%

Question 28

The first successful (lasting more than a few days)colonial newspaper was John Campbell's 1704 Boston News-Letter.One reason it succeeded where others had failed was that

A) its revolutionary rhetoric attracted many colonial readers.
B) it received subsidies from the government loyal to the Crown.
C) its writing was lively and engaging.
D) its use of pictures and other graphics made it accessible to those who could not read.

Question 29

Overall,levels of newspaper circulation have _____________ for many years,and the amount of time people spend reading the print newspaper has _____________.

A) declined;fallen
B) declined;remained steady
C) declined;increased
D) increased;fallen

Question 30

Seven out of 10 Americans under the age of 45 access newspaper content online.This is made possible by

A) a decrease in availability of newspapers.
B) an increased leisure time.
C) an increase in development of technology such as e-readers and smartphones.
D) a decrease in leisure time.

Question 31

Today's U.S.alternative press has grown out of

A) the underground press of the 1960s.
B) the post-World War II ethnic newspaper movement.
C) a desire by sophisticated readers for more political reporting.
D) a reaction to the conservatism of the 1980s.

Question 32

The nationally distributed newspaper most responsible for encouraging the migration of southern black people to the industrial centers of the North just after the turn of the twentieth century was

A) Freedom's Journal.
B) the North Star.
C) the Chicago Tribune.
D) the Chicago Defender.

Question 33

Newspapers have traditionally kept their advertising and editorial functions separate.This is often referred to as the

A) firewall.
B) barrier.
C) guardian of trust.
D) moat.

Question 34

_______ is a newspapers' ability to influence not only what we think,but what we think about.

A) Liberal bias
B) Agenda setting
C) Conservative bias
D) News diffusion

Question 35

Newspaper horoscopes,chess and bridge columns,editorial cartoons,and comics are all material provided by

A) wire services.
B) chains.
C) syndicates.
D) joint operating agreements.

Question 36

_____________ permit a failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with a successful local competitor,as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain separate.

A) Wire services
B) Syndicates
C) Chains
D) Joint operating agreements

Question 37

Beyond high circulation numbers,newspapers are popular with advertisers for three primary reasons: their reach to 70% of Americans,the good demographics of readers,and the fact that many newspapers

A) are the least expensive medium in which to advertise.
B) have exceedingly loyal readers.
C) are local, so advertisements can reach specific groups of readers..
D) give them cost breaks.

Question 38

The oldest national daily newspaper in the United States is

A) the New York Times.
B) the Wall Street Journal.
C) USA Today.
D) the Christian Science Monitor.

Question 39

According to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt,newspapers have a __________ problem,rather than a demand problem.

A) audience
B) advertising
C) business-model
D) content

Question 40

Because so many newspapers are available online,the amount of ___________,or poorly written,sensational stories designed to attract more readers and increase advertising revenue,is on the rise.

A) impressions
B) crowdfunded journalism
C) click bait
D) hard news

Question 41

Yellow journalism is thought to have acquired its name from a popular cartoon character of the time.

Question 42

The placement of stories has influence on what readers come to see as important news.

Question 43

What was the relationship between the First Amendment and the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Question 44

The success of smaller,more local newspapers can be credited to

A) lower cost.
B) coverage of unique material not found easily elsewhere.
C) less advertising.
D) better journalism.

Question 45

The first 10 amendments to the U.S.Constitution are known as the First Freedoms.

Question 46

What was the political importance of the Zenger acquittal?

Question 47

Stores that help citizens make important decisions and keep up with important issues are known as

A) hard news.
B) soft news.
C) broad sheets.
D) wire services.

Question 48

How many chains received more than half of all newspaper industry revenue?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 2
D) 7

Question 49

Sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism are known as

A) hard news.
B) soft news.
C) broad sheets.
D) wire services.

Question 50

The most important story in a newspaper,as indicated by its placement,is located on the front page,toward the left,and above the fold.

Question 51

Primary among the reasons advertisers like newspapers as an advertising medium is their local nature.

Question 52

The ethnic press-for example,African-American,Latino,and Native-American newspapers-is a very recent development.

Question 53

Tablet,smartphone,and e-reader owners who use their devices to read the news spend more time reading than they would on conventional computers.

Question 54

Since the newspaper has converged with the Internet,the industry has discovered effective ways to charge for content and measure readership.

Question 55

Despite the fact that he was acquitted,Peter Zenger was guilty of seditious libel as the law existed at the time.

Question 56

The penny press succeeded by appealing to better-off,fairly well-educated readers attractive to advertisers.

Question 57

Newspaper chains are not a new development.They have existed since the 1800s.

Question 58

The oldest national daily newspaper is the Wall Street Journal.

Question 59

What factors led to the development of the penny press and yellow journalism?

Question 60

What were corantos,diurnals,and broadsides?

Question 61

What are some ways that critics believe concentration is damaging the newspaper as an important medium? Describe each and explain how it might damage the paper's traditional democratic function.

Question 62

How have joint operating agreements affected competition in the newspaper industry?

Question 63

Describe the current state of newspaper readership.How will this affect the future of the newspaper as an advertising medium,as a business,and as a cultural force?

Question 64

What is a wire service? A syndicate?

Question 65

What two factors make the newspaper a particularly attractive medium to potential advertisers?

Question 66

Describe what is generally happening to print newspaper subscribership in the United States today.

Question 67

List and discuss several ways in which technology is changing the newspaper industry and the newspaper as a medium.Which of these alterations do you see as beneficial,and which do you see as harmful to the future of the medium and its role in the culture? Explain.

Question 68

Explain the "softening of the news" as it pertains to a media literacy issue.In your opinion,what role do newspapers play in our democratic process? How much influence do newspapers have on how we view the world? In its current state,is the industry giving us what we want? What we need?

Question 69

What are some ways in which technology has changed the newspaper industry?