Deck 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Question 1

The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is

A) sweating.
B) elimination in feces.
C) kidney function.
D) evaporation through the skin.
E) respiratory loss.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following are most permeable to water and small molecules?

A) glomerular capillaries
B) peritubular capillaries
C) afferent arterioles
D) ureters
E) efferent arterioles

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The kidneys function to rid the body of

A) excess water.
B) excess solutes.
C) toxins and drugs.
D) metabolic wastes.
E) all of these.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Urinalysis can be used to identify all of the following EXCEPT

A) a metabolic problem.
B) prostate cancer.
C) kidney disease.
D) diabetes mellitus.
E) cardiac damage.

Question 5

The process of filtration in the glomerulus is driven by

A) active transport.
B) blood pressure.
C) osmosis.
D) dialysis.
E) sodium-potassium pumps.

Question 6

At what point in the figure above is the urine most concentrated?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) none of these

Question 7

The letter "D" in the above figure represents

A) a kidney.
B) a urethra.
C) a urinary bladder.
D) a ureter.
E) water.

Question 8

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following questions.
The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is the

A) glomerulus.
B) loop of Henle.
C) nephron.
D) ureter.
E) peritubular capillary.

Question 9

Collecting ducts in the kidney lead immediately into the

A) renal cortex.
B) renal medulla.
C) renal pelvis.
D) ureter.
E) urethra.

Question 10

In reabsorption

A) plasma proteins are returned to the blood.
B) excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood.
C) excess water is passed on to the urine.
D) nutrients and ions are selectively returned to the blood.
E) drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine.

Question 11

Filtrate that is removed from the blood is collected by the

A) loop of Henle.
B) glomerulus.
C) distal tubule.
D) proximal tubule.
E) Bowman's capsule.

Question 12

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following questions.
Which of the following solutes would NOT leave the vertebrate body under normal conditions?

A) uric acid
B) ammonia
C) urea
D) carbon dioxide
E) glucose

Question 13

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following questions.
Blanks "C" and "D" should be labeled respectively

A) in; large
B) in; small
C) out; large
D) out; small
E) none of these

Question 14

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The source of blood for the glomerular capillaries is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The region where the renal medulla is located is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) E.
E) both A and B.

Question 16

Extracellular fluid includes

A) interstitial fluid.
B) blood.
C) lymph.
D) blood and lymph, only.
E) interstitial fluid, plasma, and lymph.

Question 17

The letter "C" from above represents which of the following?

A) the excretory pore
B) loops where blood vessels take up solutes from the blood
C) sexual reproductive organ of the planarian
D) cilia which flick to draw fluid into the planarian
E) none of these

Question 18

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following questions.
Which of the following processes is under voluntary control?

A) filtration
B) reabsorption
C) urination
D) secretion
E) excretion

Question 19

The letter "B" from above represents which of the following?

A) nucleus of the flame cell
B) small capillaries which allow water to freely diffuse into the planarian
C) sexual reproductive organ of the planarian
D) cilia which flick to draw fluid into the planarian
E) none of these

Question 20

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following questions.
Blanks "A" and "B" should be labeled respectively

A) does not drink; loss
B) does not drink; gain
C) drinks; loss
D) drinks; gain
E) none of these

Question 21

A rise in sodium levels and extracellular volume leads to a rise in blood pressure.As a result,

A) renin levels rise, but aldosterone levels fall.
B) renin levels fall, but angiotensin levels rise.
C) renin and aldosterone levels all rise.
D) renin and aldosterone levels all drop.
E) none of these occur.

Question 22

The process during which potassium and hydrogen ions, penicillin, and some toxic substances are put into the urine by active transport is

A) tubular secretion.
B) reabsorption.
C) filtration.
D) countercurrent multiplication.
E) diffusion.

Question 23

The antidiuretic hormone

A) promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of urine.
B) promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of urine.
C) acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney.
D) is produced by the adrenal cortex.
E) fits all of these descriptions.

Question 24

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The region(s) where hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur(s) is(are) indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) C and D.

Question 25

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The region where filtration occurs is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 26

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
nephron

Question 27

Ethanol is an inhibitor of ADH.Therefore, a person consuming a mixed drink excretes

A) less water because ADH promotes reabsorption.
B) the alcohol because ADH cannot degrade it.
C) ketone bodies formed from the alcohol.
D) more water because ADH normally promotes reabsorption.
E) more water plus the alcohol due to the ADH inhibition.

Question 28

Most kidney problems in the United States result from

A) viral infections.
B) diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure.
C) arsenic or lead poisoning.
D) chronic overdoses of aspirin.
E) accidental inhalation of pesticides.

Question 29

Heat loss resulting from conversion of a liquid to a gas is called

A) conduction.
B) radiation.
C) convection.
D) metabolism.
E) evaporation.

Question 30

Endothermic animals

A) use up more energy than ectotherms.
B) are more active at a wider range of temperatures than ectotherms.
C) have a higher metabolic rate than ectotherms.
D) may have feathers to reduce heat loss.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 31

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the

A) heart.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cerebellum.
E) thyroid gland.

Question 32

Which of the following processes is able to move heat away from the body and is used by humans?

A) convection
B) evaporation
C) conduction
D) radiation
E) collection

Question 33

A kidney dialysis machine

A) may cleanse the patient's blood outside the body.
B) may use the patient's abdominal cavity as the site for solute exchange.
C) may use hemodialysis.
D) may use peritoneal dialysis.
E) may do all of these.

Question 34

Which of the following does NOT happen when the body has excess sodium?

A) More sodium is excreted.
B) More sodium is reabsorbed.
C) Edema occurs.
D) Blood pressure rises.
E) Aldosterone secretion is inhibited.

Question 35

Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of extracellular fluids?

A) respiration
B) a high protein diet
C) bicarbonate ions
D) filtration by glomerulus
E) phosphate and ammonia ions

Question 36

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by

A) synthesizing buffers.
B) retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate.
C) excreting excess hydrogen ions.
D) combining hydrogen ions with urea.
E) signaling the respiratory system to adjust breathing rate.

Question 37

An animal's capacity to conserve water and to concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine is greater in a kidney with longer

A) Bowman's capsules
B) loops of Henle
C) proximal tubules
D) ureters
E) afferent arterioles

Question 38

Which of these statements is false regarding kidney stones?

A) They may become lodged inside a ureter or the urethra.
B) They may block urine flow.
C) A high carbohydrate diet increases the risk for their formation.
D) They may cause extreme pain.
E) They may lead to permanent kidney damage.

Question 39

In humans, the thirst center is located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) anterior pituitary.
D) glomerulus.
E) stomach.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT part of the initial response to cold temperature?

A) vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
B) shivering
C) muscle contractions
D) shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body
E) increased metabolism

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
aldosterone

Question 42

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
conduction

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
heterothermic

Question 44

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
cold response

Question 45

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
tubular secretion

Question 46

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.proximal tubule
c.descending portion of loop of Henle
d.distal tubule
Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
hemodialysis

Question 48

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
ectothermic

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.proximal tubule
c.descending portion of loop of Henle
d.distal tubule
The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.

Question 50

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.proximal tubule
c.descending portion of loop of Henle
d.distal tubule
Sodium ions are actively transported out from this region.

Question 51

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
hypothermia

Question 52

__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid.

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.proximal tubule
c.descending portion of loop of Henle
d.distal tubule
Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Question 54

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
evaporation

Question 55

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.proximal tubule
c.descending portion of loop of Henle
d.distal tubule
This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

Question 56

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
glomerular filtration

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
ADH

Question 58

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
convection

Question 59

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
radiation

Question 60

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production
b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.loss of too much body heat
h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.
a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.
secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.
passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.
heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.
toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
tubular reabsorption

Question 61

Cartilaginous fishes retain __________ in their body, so they do not lose or gain water by osmosis.

Question 62

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.

Question 63

Chart the path of urine from the blood to the outside of the body.

Question 64

Why is high blood pressure damaging to the kidneys?

Question 65

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

Question 66

In flatworms, the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Question 67

Kidney __________ are small, tubular structures that interact with nearby capillaries to form urine.

Question 68

In freshwater sponges and other simple freshwater animals, water flows into the body by __________.

Question 69

Birds and reptiles save water by eliminating __________ rich wastes as uric acid crystals.

Question 70

Provide some of the adaptations that allowed animals to adapt to life on dry land?

Question 71

What are the downsides of sweat as a cooling mechanism?

Question 72

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

Question 73

In insects and spiders, __________ take up fluid, uric acid, and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.