Deck 63: General Principles of Gastrointestinal Functionmotility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

Question 1

Slow wave frequency is highest at which of the following locations?

A)Duodenum
B)Ileum
C)Jejunum
D)Stomach

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The nervous system is directly involved in the release of which of the following gastrointestinal hormones?

Answer 2

E

Question 3

An increase in parasympathetic stimulation causes a decrease in smooth muscle contraction of which structure?

A)Duodenum
B)Fundus
C)Ileum
D)Jejunum

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what order would the layers of the wall be cut?

A)Mucosa, submucosa, serosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, circular smooth muscle
B)Longitudinal smooth muscle, submucosa, mucosa, serosa
C)Mucosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, serosa, submucosa, circular smooth muscle
D)Longitudinal smooth muscle, serosa, submucosa, mucosa, circular smooth muscle
E)Serosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, myenteric plexus, submucosa, mucosa

Question 5

Which one of the following is the main excitatory neurotransmitter to gut smooth muscle?

A)Acetylcholine
B)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)Noradrenalin
D)Substance P
E)Vasoactive intestinal peptide

Question 6

Biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45-year-old man. Which of the following hormones can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)Gastrin
D)Motilin
E)Secretin

Question 7

At high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which gastrointestinal peptide?

A)Bombesin
B)Cholecystokinin
C)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D)Secretin
E)Motilin

Question 8

An 87-year-old farmer has a breakfast of eggs, bacon, ham, grits with cheese, fried potatoes, biscuits with syrup, buttermilk, and coffee. Which of the following hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps decrease gastric emptying?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)Gastrin
D)Motilin
E)Secretin

Question 9

The autonomic nervous system controls gut motility by changing which of the following?

A)Gastrin secretion
B)Pacemaker discharge frequency
C)Secretin secretion
D)Slow wave frequency
E)Spike potential frequency

Question 10

An oral glucose load is cleared from the circulation more rapidly compared with an intravenous glucose load. This interesting phenomenon can be attributed to the actions of which hormone?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Gastrin
C)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D)Motilin
E)Secretin

Question 11

An increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in which of the following?

A)Adenosine levels
B)Cholecystokinin levels
C)Gastrin levels
D)Oxygen levels
E)Secretin levels

Question 12

The endocrine or hormone-secreting cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located in or closest to which layer of the gut wall?

A)Circular muscle
B)Mucosa
C)Muscularis mucosae
D)Serosa

Question 13

Which of the following regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine?

A)Circadian rhythms
B)Dietary intake of fiber
C)Intrinsic pacemaker cells in the smooth muscle
D)Parasympathetic nerve activity
E)Sympathetic nerve activity

Question 14

Which of the following factors have a direct action on the parietal cell to stimulate acid secretion?

Question 15

Slow wave frequency is greatest in which of the following structures?

A)Duodenum
B)External anal sphincter
C)Ileum
D)Jejunum
E)Sigmoid colon

Question 16

Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are secreted from endocrine cells located in which of the following structures?

A)Antrum
B)Colon
C)Duodenum
D)Fundus
E)Ileum

Question 17

A clinical experiment is conducted in which one group of subjects is given 20 grams of glucose intravenously and another group is given 20 grams of glucose orally. Which of the following factors can explain why the oral glucose load is cleared from the blood at a faster rate than the intravenous glucose load?

A)Cholecystokinin-induced insulin release
B)Cholecystokinin-induced vasoactive intestinal peptide release
C)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-induced glucagon release
D)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-induced insulin release
E)Vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced cholecystokinin release

Question 18

A 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal mucosa?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)Gastrin
D)Motilin
E)Secretin

Question 19

Most of the gastrin released after a meal is from which structure?

A)Antrum
B)Colon
C)Duodenum
D)Ileum
E)Jejunum

Question 20

The stimulatory effects of gastrin on acid secretion are mediated in part by gastrin-induced secretion of which of the following substances?

A)Acetylcholine
B)Amino acids
C)Gastrin-releasing peptide
D)Histamine
E)Somatostatin

Question 21

A 45-year-old man consumes a meal consisting of 20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein. The following gastrointestinal hormones are released at various times over the next 6 hours: gastrin, secretin, motilin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and cholecystokinin. Which of the following structures is most likely to release all five hormones in this man?

A)Antrum
B)Colon
C)Duodenum
D)Esophagus
E)Ileum

Question 22

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones can stimulate both gastric motility and intestinal motility?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Gastrin
C)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D)Motilin
E)Secretin

Question 23

A 40-year-old man is participating in a clinical study on glucose clearance from the blood. He receives 25 grams of oral glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is completely cleared from the blood. He then receives 25 grams of intravenous glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is not cleared completely from the blood. This difference in glucose clearance following oral and intravenous administration can be attributed to the actions of which of the following hormones?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Gastrin
C)Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D)Motilin
E)Secretin