Exam 63: General Principles of Gastrointestinal Functionmotility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

An oral glucose load is cleared from the circulation more rapidly compared with an intravenous glucose load. This interesting phenomenon can be attributed to the actions of which hormone?

Which of the following factors have a direct action on the parietal cell to stimulate acid secretion? Gastrin Somatostatin Acetylcholine Histamine A. No No Yes Yes B. Yes No No Yes C. Yes No Yes Yes D. Yes Yes Yes Yes E. Yes Yes No Yes

Which one of the following is the main excitatory neurotransmitter to gut smooth muscle?

Slow wave frequency is greatest in which of the following structures?

A 40-year-old man is participating in a clinical study on glucose clearance from the blood. He receives 25 grams of oral glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is completely cleared from the blood. He then receives 25 grams of intravenous glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is not cleared completely from the blood. This difference in glucose clearance following oral and intravenous administration can be attributed to the actions of which of the following hormones?

A 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal mucosa?

The endocrine or hormone-secreting cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located in or closest to which layer of the gut wall?

If one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what order would the layers of the wall be cut?

An increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in which of the following?

Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are secreted from endocrine cells located in which of the following structures?

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones can stimulate both gastric motility and intestinal motility?

Which of the following regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine?

The autonomic nervous system controls gut motility by changing which of the following?

Most of the gastrin released after a meal is from which structure?

Biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45-year-old man. Which of the following hormones can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations?

An 87-year-old farmer has a breakfast of eggs, bacon, ham, grits with cheese, fried potatoes, biscuits with syrup, buttermilk, and coffee. Which of the following hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps decrease gastric emptying?

A clinical experiment is conducted in which one group of subjects is given 20 grams of glucose intravenously and another group is given 20 grams of glucose orally. Which of the following factors can explain why the oral glucose load is cleared from the blood at a faster rate than the intravenous glucose load?

At high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which gastrointestinal peptide?

The nervous system is directly involved in the release of which of the following gastrointestinal hormones? Gastrin Cholecystokinin Secretin GLIP Motilin A. No No No No No B. No No Yes Yes Yes C. No Yes Yes No No D. No Yes Yes Yes No E. Yes No No No Yes F. Yes No Yes Yes Yes G. Yes Yes No Yes No H. Yes Yes Yes No No

A 45-year-old man consumes a meal consisting of 20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein. The following gastrointestinal hormones are released at various times over the next 6 hours: gastrin, secretin, motilin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and cholecystokinin. Which of the following structures is most likely to release all five hormones in this man?