Deck 9: Thinking Critically About Moral Issues

Question 1

Ethics and morals are terms that refer to the principles that govern our relationships with other people
- the ways that others should act and the standards that others should employ in the choices they make.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A is a situation in which at least two different moral principles to which you are appealing seem ethically sound and appropriate; the problem is that they conflict with one another.

A)moral dilemma
B)moral contradiction
C)moral dichotomy
D)moral confrontation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The concept of "moral duty" was articulated by a German philosopher named Jeremy Bentham who wrote that each of us has a moral duty to do what is right.Bentham called his moral duties "categorical imperatives."

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A critical-thinking approach to ethics is founded on the principle of impartiality; it is our moral obligation to treat everyone equally.

Question 5

As it turns out, becoming a moral person can help you become a psychologically healthy person; promoting the happiness of others frequently enhances your own happiness.The following adages all support this concept except

A)Virtue is its own reward.
B)Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
C)To thine own self be true.
D)To err is human, to forgive is divine.

Question 6

From a critical-thinking perspective, morality makes sense only if we assume that people are able to make for which they are responsible.

A)unlimited choices
B)unlimited decisions
C)limited decisions
D)free choices

Question 7

You and your friend are at the mall.You decide to go into Radio Shack to look at computer parts. When you come out of the store, you discover that your friend has stolen a pair of earphones.When faced with the dilemma of telling the authorities or not, you decide not to tell because it makes you
Happier to be with your friend.Your decision reflects a slightly more refined version of what moral theory?

A)Pragmatic
B)Theistic
C)Altruistic
D)Hedonist

Question 8

Immanuel Kant's second Categorical Imperative was based on the notion that you should treat people .

A)as a means, never as an end
B)with kindness and respect
C)as an end, never as a means
D)as they treat you

Question 9

The "ethic of care" is built on empathy, a critical-thinking commitment to view issues and situations from multiple perspectives.

Question 10

According to an empathetic point of view, achieving happiness and fulfillment in life does not mean pursuing your own narrow desires; instead, it involves pursuing your aspirations in a context of genuine understanding of other people.What moral philosophy does this refer to?

A)Natural law
B)Ethic of care
C)Utilitarianism
D)Hedonism

Question 11

According to this philosophical theory, there is a morality based on the essential nature of humanity that is universal and binding to all people.What is the name of this philosophical theory?

A)Natural law
B)Relativism
C)Utilitarianism
D)Altruism

Question 12

The little girl next door says that she was taught to never lie because her grandpa says it is wrong. This type of mentality is an example of what moral theory?

A)Altruism
B)Pragmatism
C)Authoritarianism
D)Hedonism

Question 13

Most people's values are not a system at all; they are typically a collection of general principles, practical conclusions, and emotional pronouncements.Your challenge is to create a more refined and accurate , an enlightened system of values that you can use to guide your moral decisions.

A)ethical perception
B)perceptual value
C)moral compass
D)ethical value

Question 14

According to natural law, women are not only caregivers but are better equipped for the job by their highly sophisticated emotional nature.

Question 15

Governmental policies such as Affirmative Action, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and the Equal Opportunity Employment Act are examples of what type of ethical principle?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Justice
C)Egocentrism
D)Transcendentalism

Question 16

According to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, a situation is morally correct if you can will it for everyone, or universalize your choice.Kant called this type of universal moral choice .

A)a moral dilemma
B)equal rights
C)a categorical imperative
D)equality for all

Question 17

Along with John Stuart Mill, Jeremy Bentham was the founder of this philosophical belief that is founded on the notion of the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.What is the name of this philosophy?

A)natural law
B)utilitarianism
C)relativism
D)hedonism

Question 18

In counseling the family of a dying man, a nurse tells the family that passive euthanasia would be best for everyone because the suffering patient would be out of pain and the family could move on with their lives.This type of reasoning is considered

A)ethically moral.
B)medically proper.
C)a violation of church and state.
D)the ends justifying the means.

Question 19

Given the same situation as described in question 7, let's assume that you decide to turn your friend in to the authorities because there is a reward for turning in shoplifters.Your decision would describe what moral theory?

A)Ethical egoism
B)Theistic
C)Altruistic
D)Hedonist

Question 20

If, when confronted by a moral dilemma, you would choose to do what is best for everyone involved, you are expressing what type of moral theory?

A)Hedonistic
B)Theistic
C)Altruistic
D)Ethical egoism

Question 21

The second "categorical Imperative" focuses on treating people respectfully by treating them as a means and never an end.

Question 22

A critical-thinking approach to ethics is founded on the principle of _; it is our moral obligation to treat everyone equally.

Question 23

To discover the specifics of the , we need to develop an in-depth understanding of the essential nature of men and women, not simply as they currently are, but as they could be if they were fully morally developed.

Question 24

The statement, "I would do whatever makes me happy" is a reflection of an altruistic moral theory.

Question 25

A moral dilemma is a situation in which at least two different moral principles to which you are appealing seem ethically appropriate.

Question 26

A decision about which employees to fire to keep your company in business is an example of a
.

Question 27

The statement, "I would do whatever is best for everyone involved" expresses a(n)
moral theory.

Question 28

If your is both informed and the product of a great deal of thought and reflection, then it has a high degree of credibility.

Question 29

The statement, "I would do what God or the scriptures says is right" expresses a(n)
theory of morality.

Question 30

and are terms that refer to the principles that govern our relationships with other people.

Question 31

To live a life that allows you to achieve your moral potential, you must work to become aware of the moral issues that you face and strive to make choices that are grounded in thoughtful reflection and supported by reason.

Question 32

To achieve an enlightened moral existence in your own life, you need to choose to be a moral person.
You gain true power when you possess the unfettered and unrestrained ability to choose freely.Can both of these statements be correct? Why or why not?

Question 33

As a
, you will be conscious of the choices you are
making and the reasons you are making them, and you will learn from experience, refining your code of ethics and improving your moral choices through self-exploration.

Question 34

Parents, teachers, religious leaders, and other authority figures have sought to inculcate values in your thinking, but friends, acquaintances and colleagues do as well.And in many cases they have undoubtedly been successful.All this input can result in a confusing patchwork of conflicting beliefs.What are some ways people can create a moral compass that is accurate and enlightened and will confidently guide their moral decisions?

Question 35

Promoting human happiness is the foundation of the ethical approach developed by Jeremy Bentham called .

Question 36

As Socrates noted, "Virtue is its own reward" contains a substantial measure of truth.What are some of the implications of this saying?

Question 37

The German philosopher , emphasized moral duty through reason, calling this moral duty a "categorical imperative."

Question 38

How do you explain the fact that morally evil people can be highly educated in terms of ethics and religion? In other words, how do you account for the gap that sometimes occurs between knowledge of ethics and being an ethical person?

Question 39

If you were teaching a course in ethics, what would be your major goals for the course?

Question 40

The hedonist moral theory advises people to do whatever brings them pleasure.This theory is supported by a belief that pleasure is good, and therefore, it is morally right.