Deck 4: Intersectionality and Social Change

Question 1

Associating oneself with negative group representations because there are no alternative images to identify with is_____.

A) transference
B) disassociation
C) self-stereotyping
D) double consciousness

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In their life history interviews with Latino men, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith found that young men responded to controlling images by using their emotions and attitude to safeguard their sense of self, whereas older men responded by engaging in leadership activities of mentoring and community involvement. Based on this finding, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton- Smith conclude that______________ .

A) Latinos are highly emotional and make good leaders
B) life course stage shapes antiracist strategies
C) their respondents were not affected by controlling images
D) resisting controlling images is futile

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What are some examples of virtual spaces created to allow marginalized groups to engage in self-definition and self-representation? Which of these are intended primarily as "private" spaces for members of marginalized groups and which are intended to increase how visible marginalized groups are to mainstream culture? Why are both types of spaces needed?

Answer 3

Answers May Vary

Question 4

The youth of the Taqwacore movement disdain Whiteness, which means what to them?

A) They reject the idea that White people can be Muslim.
B) They reject U.S. citizenship and all other forms of belonging in America.
C) They care deeply about skin tone and distance themselves from light-skinned people.
D) They advocate antiracist politics and maintain a critical stance toward Western imperialism and Christian supremacy.

Question 5

Media portrayals are powerful sources of information about minority groups because_____.

A) minorities are overrepresented in popular media
B) media stories use archetypes and narratives that speak to the human condition
C) many members of the majority have limited or nonexistent personal contact with minorities, so media serves as a surrogate to personal experience
D) racial and ethnic minorities have fought successfully for the right to set guidelines and provide oversight for how they will be characterized and portrayed in the media

Question 6

In the post-9/11 era, hostile attitudes toward Muslims were not confined only to those who practice Islam, but applied more broadly to a range of "Brown" people who were understood to be from a wide geographic area. This is evidence that_____.

A) all foreigners were viewed as potential threats to American safety
B) "Muslim" was a racialized category; that is, it acquired a racial identity
C) Muslims defined their own identity as a group
D) Islam is an open religion

Question 7

In "Race, Gender, and Virtual Inequality," Kishonna Gray suggests that the #BlackLivesMatter social movement is an example of the fact that ____________ .

A) Twitter hashtags have become meaningless
B) liberals do not care about the safety of police officers
C) Black women have historically used their power to empower others
D) when social movements make use of social media, they usually get co-opted to make a profit

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of Black cyberfeminism, as outlined by Kishonna Gray?

A) creating space for women of color to resist controlling images through self-definition
B) interrogating structural inequality through interlocking forms of oppression
C) asserting power and superiority over White society
D) combining intellectualism with activism

Question 9

In "Talking Back to Controlling Images," Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith define controlling images, explaining that they are_____.

A) positive affirmations of dignity and worth
B) selective and optional tools for self-definition
C) a matter of psychology based in individual feelings
D) cultural instruments of power that are collective and systemic

Question 10

Does the Internet have the power to dismantle society's dominant structures? Why or why not?

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a problem Leavitt et al., identify with the representation of Native Americans in media?

A) Most media depictions of Native Americans are historical representations.
B) Media portrayals homogenize Native Americans with "standard" depictions and render invisible hundreds of diverse tribal cultures.
C) Contemporary portrayals show Native Americans in negative stereotypes of poverty and addiction.
D) Young Native Americans are relying too heavily on media for sources of self-identity, when they need to be learning about their tribal heritage.

Question 12

By treating them as athletic bodies lacking mental capacity worthy of an education, schools indoctrinate Latino youth with lessons of racial subordination. These lessons are_____.

A) a hidden curriculum that operates as a mode of social control
B) prescribed by state boards of education
C) designed to produce resilience
D) ineffective in shaping behavior

Question 13

The Taqwacore punk rock movement described in Amy McDowell's article "This is for the Brown Kids!" is an example of_____.

A) youth resistance in the face of racialization
B) political mobilization to secure education for immigrants
C) an extremist ideology that seeks to convert disillusioned youth
D) a White supremacist movement that operates under the guise of a freedom movement

Question 14

Native Americans constitute approximately_____of the U.S. population.

A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 12%
D) 20%

Question 15

In what ways does the virtual world of the Internet reproduce the power relations of the physical world? How does Black cyberfeminist theory use Internet technologies to challenge these power relations?

Question 16

In life history interviews with Latino men, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith found that men felt constrained by controlling images that associated them with _____________ .

A) sex and drugs
B) cars and fashion
C) gangs and sports
D) church and family

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Leavitt et al. say that the quantity and quality of media representations of one's own identity group are important?

A) Seeing themselves on TV makes people happy.
B) Media representation provides a reference point for self-understanding.
C) Media representation helps people develop strategies for how to be a person.
D) Homogenous representations deny group members a variety of atypical identities.

Question 18

According to Kishonna Gray, Internet technologies were not created to destroy hegemonic power structures;_____.

A) they can only promote internalized racism, regardless of Black users' intent
B) however, they are useful because they can provide empowerment to marginalized women
C) Black feminists avoid using them, because the Internet is not a welcoming space for Black cultural art forms
D) nonetheless, they have been successfully co-opted by cyberfeminists and now serve as a powerful platform for restructuring patriarchal structures

Question 19

Controlling images of racial groups_____.

A) are impossible to resist
B) always portray groups in a negative light
C) only have to do with race, not gender or class
D) may enlist the cooperation of those who are controlled

Question 20

The main argument of Leavitt et al.'s "Frozen in Time" is that ________________ .

A) Native Americans are very spiritual and have preserved and held on to traditional ways of life since the 1700s
B) new archaeological evidence has revealed a lot more about how Native Americans lived before Europeans settled in the "New World"
C) the lack of accurate, contemporary media portrayals of Native Americans has negative psychological consequences for their processes of self-identity
D) in spite of many new media portrayals that show Native Americans in contemporary settings and a range of occupations, most Americans still hold very stereotypical views that associate Native Americans with the past

Question 21

According to Brown and Jones, political scientists and media stories have typically regarded Blacks and Latinos as_____.

A) strong political actors
B) interested in assimilation
C) adversaries in competition for resources
D) sharing a common interest in resisting white supremacy

Question 22

What would a portrayal of your identity group look like if it were limited only to a stylized historical image from the 18th or 19th century? Would you want that to be the only way that other people knew about or understood your identity?

Question 23

Terriquez describes the fact that queer youth involved in the DREAM movement were more likely to openly claim an LGBTQ identity. She calls this a(n) _____________ .

A) arrow effect
B) boomerang effect
C) catapult effect
D) domino effect

Question 24

What other music and cultural movements are you familiar with that engage in "reflexive racialization"?

Question 25

The coalition politics of MIRA is best summed up in the phrase ______________ .

A) "all taxation is theft"
B) "nothing about us without us"
C) "Blacks plus immigrants plus unions equals power"
D) "no rights for immigrants until civil rights are recognized"

Question 26

The only state in the Deep South without any enforceable anti-immigrant legislation is_____.

A) Georgia
B) Louisiana
C) Mississippi
D) South Carolina

Question 27

Compare Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith's findings with those of Hurtado and Sinha (Chapter 19: "More than Men: Latino Feminist Masculinities and Intersectionality"). How are the controlling images of gangs and sports related to hegemonic masculinity?

Question 28

Terriquez reports that data from her interviews with queer undocumented youth provide evidence that_____.

A) immigrant family and community environments are supportive of the public disclosure of an LGBTQ identity
B) LGBTQ youth who were "out" were disproportionately likely to get involved in the immigrant rights movement
C) queer-identified youth are less likely to be civically engaged than their straight-identified peers
D) involvement in immigrant rights activism resulted in queer-identified youth growing more comfortable with publicly disclosing their LGBTQ identity

Question 29

Terriquez's study of undocumented immigrant youth shows how they ______________ .

A) exercise agency in collectively shaping their own social and political incorporation
B) exclude queer-identified peers from the immigrant rights movement
C) enable dominant narratives that erase queer identities
D) embed racist attitudes into their activist work

Question 30

Brown and Jones's analysis of MIRA demonstrates that_____.

A) the Mississippi legislature has been corrupted by the casino gaming industry
B) individuals have agency to influence public policies through collective efforts
C) Black civil rights activists are not interested in battles over immigration issues
D) white supremacy is well-rooted in Mississippi's history and cannot be overcome

Question 31

The political coalition built by MIRA was the result of_____.

A) a regional political strategy in the South
B) a fortunate accident that came about suddenly
C) Latino immigrants being looked down on by Black workers
D) strategic alliance building that took years of intentional work

Question 32

What does it mean to say that controlling images act as "strategies of action" that bridge systemic racism, prejudice, and discrimination? What are some ways that controlling images do this work?

Question 33

The name DREAM movement comes from the federal_____.

A) Diverting Requirements of Ethics and Morality Act
B) Delayed Restitution and Equal Area Movement Act
C) Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act
D) Directing Resources toward Education and Mentoring Act

Question 34

In "Immigrant Rights are Civil Rights" Brown and Jones argue that the success of the Mississippi Immigrants Rights Alliance (MIRA) is the result of ___________ .

A) a state legislature that is friendly to Latinos
B) a political coalition between Black and Latino allies
C) the fact that white Mississippians recognize the value of immigrant labor
D) intervention from National Civil Rights organizations that have acted on MIRA's behalf

Question 35

Why does lack of representation and/or unfavorable media portrayal create prototypical group image that puts group members in a double-bind?

Question 36

Both positive and negative stereotypes can function as controlling images. Have you ever felt constrained by a cultural idea of who you were "supposed" to be? How did you respond? Did the necessity of responding, whether to conform or to resist, exert a constraint on your action?

Question 37

What is "reflexive racialization"? What do the "Brown kids" of Taqwacore understand about their own racialization and about the meaning of Whiteness?

Question 38

The DREAM movement's "Coming Out of the Shadows" campaigns in 2010 through 2012, centered on undocumented youth publicly declaring their undocumented status in order to combat stigma and humanize their experiences, was a borrowed strategy that echoed_________________.

A) Christian imagery of light and darkness as good and evil
B) the gay movement's "coming out of the closet" narrative
C) a South American folktale about a young child and a shadow demon
D) citizenship narratives that influenced the National Origins Act of 1924

Question 39

How does the example of Taqwacore punk that McDowell describes illustrate the socially constructed nature of race?

Question 40

Why is positive group identification important for self-esteem and belonging? Why does a lack of representation interfere with the psychological benefits of group identity?

Question 41

Analyzing commonalities amongst oppressed groups can reveal ______________ .

A) what groups should ally together
B) what groups have more power
C) what ways structures of oppression are linked
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 42

Why are many Americans, especially low income and of color, described as being overweight but malnourished?

A) poor decision making
B) the affordability and availability of processed, less nutritional foods
C) cultural preferences for certain cuisines
D) none of these choices are correct

Question 43

According to Roberts and Jesudason, people looking to build coalitions must_____differences among them.

A) transcend
B) surpass
C) confront
D) contextualize

Question 44

What new addition do Roberts and Jesudason make to the categories of intersectionality that are discussed?

A) race
B) disability
C) gender
D) reproductive justice

Question 45

Since its inception, intersectionality has been applied to_____.

A) theory
B) empirical research
C) activism
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 46

According to Crenshaw, as cited in Roberts and Jesudason, the_____of examining discrimination erases the experience of some groups.

A) single axis
B) double axis
C) intersectional
D) intrasectional

Question 47

The Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative (GFJI), discussed by Alfonso Morales, is headquartered in_____.

A) Los Angeles
B) New York City
C) Milwaukee
D) Chicago

Question 48

What evidence is there in Brown and Jones's account of the Mississippi Immigrants Rights Alliance (MIRA) that successful social justice activism requires long-term commitment on the part of movement leaders?

Question 49

Unlike the historical Black civil rights movement, contemporary movements like Black Lives Matter intentionally center the voices of_____.

A) Black men, who are the targets of police violence and the prison industrial complex
B) community elders, who have the longest histories of living under oppression
C) multiple marginalized groups, such as Black women, Black queer folks, and Black undocumented folks
D) White allies, who are strategic for achieving movement respect with a wider, mainstream audience

Question 50

According to Sarah J. Jackson, hashtag activism_____.

A) is ineffective because nobody takes it seriously
B) is mostly a thinly veiled form of corporate advertising
C) should be treated as an important contribution to the democratic process
D) cannot advance the principles of Black feminism because it has become thoroughly mainstream

Question 51

Why does the intersectional location of queer undocumented youth mean that LGBTQ identification may carry larger potential risks for them than for other groups?

Question 52

Discuss MIRA's founding principle that "all immigration laws from the beginning are about two things: racism and managing labor." How is this principle evident in contemporary national debates about immigration law?

Question 53

In 1914, there were_____grocery stores per square mile in the United States?

A) 12
B) 25
C) 40
D) 50

Question 54

According to Sarah Jackson, the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s made strategic decisions to center educated, cisgender Black men in racial justice struggles, calculating that they would be most likely to be seen as worthy of rights. Jackson identifies this strategy as a form of_____.

A) acceptability calculation
B) Black masculinist thought
C) patriarchal pandering
D) respectability politics

Question 55

What is the historic-social context that gave rise to the Black Lives Matter movement and other movements built on Black feminist principles?

A) These movements emerged in the 1950s Jim Crow era to oppose de jure discrimination against African Americans.
B) These movements emerged in the 1970s as a result of the dissatisfaction that conservative Black women felt about the dangers that changing gender norms posed to Black families after the women's movements.
C) These movements emerged in the 1990s as a result of the threats of joblessness that were posed to Black Americans by immigration policies that made it easy for immigrants to displace Blacks in the labor market.
D) These movements emerged in the early 21st century, an era that celebrated racial progress while instituting neoliberal colorblind policies that denied the continuing impact of white supremacy.

Question 56

An example of a networked counterpublic would be_____.

A) Black Twitter
B) Facebook
C) Fox News
D) National Public Radio

Question 57

Intersectional frameworks benefit from understanding_____, which is not the same as_____.

A) sameness; commonalities
B) commonalities; sameness
C) differences; dichotomies
D) dichotomies; differences

Question 58

Based on your reading of Sarah Jackson's article about hashtag activism, what are "networked counterpublics"?

A) mediated network spaces where marginalized people make their experiences visible and advocate for recognition of their needs
B) online business communities that follow trending topics to stay in touch with customers and take advantage of opportunities to profit from current events
C) revolutionary activities that take place in private discussion groups that seek to maintain exclusive boundaries of access
D) tools for building up opportunities for disadvantaged groups to be upwardly mobile by sharing information about mentoring and professional opportunities

Question 59

Research finds that there are_____times as many grocery stores in predominantly White areas when compared to predominantly Black ones.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 60

According to Eisenhaur, "supermarket redlining" is_____.

A) corporations avoiding low-profit areas
B) constantly increasing the physical size of their stores
C) building multiple stores in close proximity to each other
D) constantly changing the items they sell

Question 61

Compare this article with "Immigrant Rights are Civil Rights" by Hana Brown and Jennifer A. Jones (Chapter 49). What do these examples reveal about the importance of coalition building among activist groups representing marginalized and oppressed groups?

Question 62

According to Roberts and Jesudason, how could the feminist movement benefit by examining differences in women?

Question 63

What is the "boomerang effect" that Terriquez describes for intersectional mobilization?

Question 64

What is the main goal of the Growing Food and Justice for All initiative? How does it function?

Question 65

How have race, gender, and disability been connected with perceptions of reproductive rights in the United States?

Question 66

Is the Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative racialized? Why or why not?

Question 67

What makes millennial Black activism different from the civil rights activism of the 1950s and 1960s? What is the politics of respectability, and why do contemporary Black feminists reject it?

Question 68

What reasons are given as to why White neighborhoods have so many more supermarkets when compared to largely minority inhabited areas?

Question 69

Summarize the work of Generations Ahead. What are they adding to the knowledge base of intersectionality, and what do they seek to raise awareness of?

Question 70

What is the relationship between Morales between poor health and lack of grocery stores in largely poor and minority inhabited neighborhoods?

Question 71

Historically, have the movements for race and disability been allied with each other? Why or why not?

Question 72

What makes online engagement and activism, including the creation of successful hashtags, a meaningful form of democratic participation? What are the limits to Internet activism, and how do Black feminist activists work to use the Internet to full advantage?