Deck 28: From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

Question 1

The reforms of King Charles III

A)abolished encomiendas.
B)established free public education.
C)increased the collection of taxes.
D)eliminated free trade.
E)brought local people into viceregal government.

Answer 1

increased the collection of taxes.

Question 2

Nearly all of the early trade to and from Spanish America was channeled through the port of

A)Acapulco.
B)Barcelona.
C)Valencia.
D)Seville.
E)Cadiz.

Answer 2

Seville.

Question 3

The encomienda gave Spanish conquerors the right to

A)expropriate land.
B)demand free labor from the natives.
C)convert the natives to Christianity.
D)keep half the gold and silver they mined.
E)All of the options are correct.

Answer 3

demand free labor from the natives.

Question 4

What were the main exports from the Spanish colonies in the early years of colonialism?

A)The locals exported high-quality handcrafted goods.
B)The colonies exported slaves to the homeland.
C)The Spanish farmers exported large quantities of sugar.
D)The colonists exported the high-popular new product of tobacco.
E)The Spanish colonies shipped large amounts of precious metals.

Question 5

Hernán Cortés began the construction of Mexico City with

A)slave labor.
B)labor from the captured Aztecs.
C)help from the troops of Francisco Pizarro.
D)bricks baked in coastal kilns.
E)stones from pyramids he had destroyed.

Question 6

Cultural and educational matters concerning both Europeans and Indians were handled by

A)the civil governors.
B)the criollos.
C)the caudillos.
D)the missionaries.
E)the bishops.

Question 7

With the necessity for every person in Brazil to work together for survival and success, what was notably different about  the Portuguese colony?

A)Brazilians were more class conscious.
B)Brazil was somewhat more egalitarian.
C)Brazil was despised by Europeans in other colonies.
D)The Brazilians were almost always extremely successful.
E)Brazil was completely free with no slave labor.

Question 8

What eventually happened to about one-third of the silver bullion taken out of the colonies by Spain?

A)It was used to pay for a war with France.
B)It went directly to the Catholic church.
C)It was traded to China to pay for silk and porcelain.
D)It was distributed among the criollos and mestizos.
E)It was taken by English pirates.

Question 9

What was the driving motivation of the early Spanish explorations in the Caribbean?

A)The European need for markets.
B)The Spanish search for resources.
C)The explorers search for treasure.
D)The desire for farm land.
E)The desire to expand their world empire.

Question 10

What could be said about the viceroys of Spain and Peru?

A)They were criollos who were capable administrators.
B)The viceroys were always Iberian born.
C)They could be mestizos or criollos.
D)They ruled as autonomous governeors.
E)The viceroys could be Amerindian royalty.

Question 11

The result of a population increase among Native Americans was

A)a concern for rebellion against Spain.
B)an increased amicable trade between Native Americans and the Spanish.
C)an increase in commerce.
D)an increase in exploitation by the Spanish.
E)an influx of Native American migrants to Europe.

Question 12

Peninsulars had all of the following responsibilities EXCEPT

A)dealing with taxation.
B)dealing with all legal cases.
C)converting Native Americans.
D)handling all census data.
E)They had all of these responsibilities.

Question 13

The fabled American "mountain of silver" was located at

A)Lima.
B)Potosí.
C)Teotehuicán.
D)Mexico City.
E)Buenos Aires.

Question 14

The Spanish audiencia was a

A)mine.
B)village.
C)court.
D)farm.
E)plantation.

Question 15

Which of the following countries received the most African slaves?

A)Brazil.
B)Mexico.
C)Haiti.
D)Cuba.
E)Peru.

Question 16

Which of these took place under the Bourbon leadership of King Charles III in Spain?

A)The military and the navy were neglected.
B)Jesuit missionaries were banished from the empire.
C)The four Spanish American viceroyalties were reduced to two.
D)Smuggling increased.
E)Officials began to be selected from criollos more often.

Question 17

For New Spain, the last of the 17^th century and the first part of the 18^th was a time of

A)cautious optimism.
B)disturbance and rebellion.
C)reconciliation and rebirth.
D)decline and stagnation.
E)strong growth.

Question 18

Criollos were

A)native-born Iberians in Latin America.
B)Spaniards living in Mexico.
C)missionaries in the outlying areas.
D)local justices.
E)assistants to the viceroys.

Question 19

With their capital at Mexico City, the Spanish apparently concluded that

A)they had a good opportunity to explore all of Mexico from east to west.
B)they would probably be able to subdue the Amerindian groups of Patagonia in South America.
C)they had complete ownership of al the gold and silver that was to be found in today's American southwest.
D)the forts of San Francisco and Santa Fe were as far away as they cared to rule.
E)any gold inside Mapuche territory would not be worth fighting that group so far from Spanish headquarters.

Question 20

Among which group would the daughters of the criollos try to find a husband?

A)The daughters would seek out other criollos.
B)They would try to marry among the peninsulars.
C)The daughters would court the mestizos.
D)The daughters would try to find a suitable gaucho horsemen.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following was most descriptive of women's situation in the Spanish colonies?

A)Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the church.
B)Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated.
C)Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private.
D)Women were to be protected and proper at all times.
E)Women were denied higher education.

Question 22

The slave rebellion led by Toussaint L'Ouverture

A)expanded the French domination of Haiti.
B)made a lasting impression on many people on both sides of the slavery issue.
C)brought Napoleon to the New World.
D)was ultimately a failure.
E)Both A and C.

Question 23

When rounded up and moved into Spanish towns, local Indians

A)refused to the point of death converting to Christianity.
B)often became victims of the Inquisition.
C)learned to read and write and began to assimilate into the dominant society.
D)were sometimes captured and taken as slaves to the plantations of Brazil.
E)were treated as perpetual children, and so were taught Christianity and handcrafts.

Question 24

Haitian slaves gained freedom after a revolt led by ____________________, an ex-slave.

Question 25

Brazil, a colony of ____________________ began as a(n)____________________ plantation.

Question 26

____________________ were early Spanish town councils.

Question 27

Following the reforms that were intended to end native slave-labor on the encomiendas, the ____________________ were established as rural plantation-villages with a somewhat free wage labor.

Question 28

Which of the following groups were at the bottom of the social pyramid in the Spanish colonies?

A)Africans.
B)Mestizos.
C)Peninsulars.
D)Amerindians.
E)Unmarried women.

Question 29

Both military and judicial matters were handled through the colonial ____________________ for Spain within the provinces.

Question 30

The first monarch to attempt real reform in the Indies colonies was ____________________ of Spain.

Question 31

In a legal sense, Native Americans were treated as

A)children.
B)mestizos.
C)slaves.
D)criollos.
E)peninsulars.

Question 32

Which of the following was true of social life in late 18^th century Latin America?

A)Criollos spent less time on intellectual pursuits than did peninsulares.
B)While they read mostly religious literature, the Spaniards also obtained access to some of the Inquisition's banned books.
C)Women usually preferred religious tracts to novels.
D)The social life of a city's elite citizens was fast-paced, with many outings and festivals.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 33

The encomienda gave Spanish conquerors the right to demand ____________________ from the natives as a reward for exploration.

Question 34

What was one of the special forms of assistance performed by the colonial mestizos?

A)They paid taxes and helped the Catholic Church with the Inquisition.
B)They worked in the silver mines when no one else would.
C)They served as links between the Indian and Spanish populations.
D)They attended universities and brought their learning back to their homelands.
E)They would become military officers and alleviate manpower shortages for the Spanish.

Question 35

How did some of the Amerindians deal with the coming of Christianity in relation to many of their native practices and beliefs?

A)They abandoned their old beliefs to embrace Christianity completely.
B)They blended the various religions to produce a mixture of different belief systems.
C)They rejected any encroachments by the Christian faith.
D)They had the Jesuits expelled from their native homelands.
E)They used violence and burned churches to deter Christian conversions.

Question 36

Where did the almost-successful rebellion by the Tupac Amaru take place?

A)Mexico.
B)Saint Domingue.
C)Cuba.
D)Haiti.
E)Peru.

Question 37

Which of the following factors helped bring about the rapid fall of both the Aztec and Inca empires?

A)The Indians thought Cortés and Pizarro were devils.
B)The conquistadores bribed Moctezuma and Atahualpa to betray their people.
C)The conquistadores lost their Indian allies against the emperors.
D)The Indians had steel weapons capable of killing an armored horseman.
E)Masses of Indians died or were weakened by foreign diseases.

Question 38

After conquering the Aztecs in 1521, Cortés began the construction of ____________________ with stone from destroyed pyramids.

Question 39

In the early colonial period, the greatest amount of silver was extracted from ____________________, and the second largest amount came from mines just north of ____________________.

Question 40

In a legal sense, both ____________________ and ____________________ were considered Spanish, but the ____________________ considered themselves superior.

Question 41

Term for identification: cabildos

Question 42

Term for identification: Seville

Question 43

Term for identification: Reconquista

Question 44

Term for identification: peninsulars

Question 45

Describe the economic opportunities for mestizos, Include discussions of the range of treatment and social mobility.

Question 46

Term for identification: King Charles III

Question 47

Elaborate on the various aspects of colonial society, economics, and culture in the Iberian colonies. Include various ethnic groups and economic systems.

Question 48

Term for identification: debt peonage

Question 49

Term for identification: Juana Inés de la Cruz

Question 50

Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese experience in the Americas.

Question 51

What was the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Spanish colonies?

Question 52

Discuss the fall of the Aztec and Incan Empires. What was the most significant factor in each?

Question 53

Term for identification: mamelucos

Question 54

Elaborate on how the social dynamics played a role in the formation of Spanish colonial governments.

Question 55

Term for identification: Poto sí

Question 56

Term for identification: Bartolom é de Las Casas