Deck 7: From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

Question 1

What was the driving motivation of the early Spanish explorations in the Caribbean?

A)the European need for markets
B)the Spanish search for resources
C)the explorers search for treasure
D)the desire for farm land
E)the desire to expand their world empire

Answer 1

the explorers search for treasure

Question 2

Which of the following is true of Portuguese colonization?

A)The colonial settlers arrived as a family unit.
B)The colony had a built-in labor source.
C)The land was ripe with natural resources and precious metals.
D)The region was gradually colonized by merchants and farmers.
E)The region was swiftly colonized by conquistadors and aristocrats.

Answer 2

The region was gradually colonized by merchants and farmers.

Question 3

How did the Spanish operate the encomienda system?

A)Spanish conquerors had the right to expropriate land.
B)Spanish conquerors had the right to demand free labor from the natives.
C)Spanish conquerors were required to convert the natives to Christianity.
D)Spanish conquerors were allowed to keep half the gold and silver they mined.
E)Spanish conquerors were allowed to abuse natives with no government interference.

Answer 3

Spanish conquerors had the right to demand free labor from the natives.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the viceroys of Spain and Peru?

A)They were criollos who were capable administrators.
B)The viceroys were always Iberian born.
C)They could be mestizos or criollos.
D)They ruled as autonomous governors.
E)The viceroys could be Amerindian royalty.

Question 5

With what did Hernán Cortés begin the construction of Mexico City?

A)slave labor
B)labor from the captured Aztecs
C)help from the troops of Francisco Pizarro
D)bricks baked in coastal kilns
E)stones from pyramids he had destroyed

Question 6

Which of the following best defines the term criollos ?

A)Iberians born in Latin America
B)Spaniards living in Mexico
C)missionaries in the outlying areas
D)local justices
E)assistants to the viceroys

Question 7

Through what port in Spain did nearly all of the early trade to and from Spanish America flow?

A)Acapulco
B)Barcelona
C)Valencia
D)Seville
E)Cadiz

Question 8

What were the main exports from the Spanish colonies in the early years of colonialism?

A)The locals exported high-quality handcrafted goods.
B)The colonies exported slaves to the homeland.
C)The Spanish farmers exported large quantities of sugar.
D)The colonists exported the highly-popular new product of tobacco.
E)The Spanish colonies shipped large amounts of precious metals.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT a reform instituted by Charles III?

A)a form of free trade
B)increased collection of taxes
C)free public education
D)a new system of government administration
E)a strengthened navy and military

Question 10

Who was responsible for the cultural and educational matters concerning both Europeans and Indians in colonial Hispanic America?

A)the civil governors
B)the criollos
C)the caudillos
D)the missionaries
E)the bishops

Question 11

Peninsulars had all of the following responsibilities EXCEPT

A)dealing with taxation
B)dealing with all legal cases
C)converting Native Americans
D)handling all census data
E)handling appointment procedures

Question 12

What was the Spanish audiencia ?

A)A gold mine that produced large amounts of bullion for the Spanish crown.
B)An Amerindian village where escaped slaves were welcomed.
C)A high court for judicial and military matters.
D)A town council responsible for enacting local laws.
E)A plantation estate where Amerindians worked in horrible conditions.

Question 13

What eventually happened to about one-third of the silver bullion taken out of the colonies by Spain?

A)It was used to pay for a war with France.
B)It went directly to the Catholic Church.
C)It was traded to China to pay for silk and porcelain.
D)It was distributed among the criollos and mestizos.
E)It was taken by English pirates.

Question 14

Where was the fabled American mountain of silver  located?

A)Lima
B)Potosí
C)Teotehuicán
D)Mexico City
E)Buenos Aires

Question 15

Which of these took place under the leadership of King Charles III?

A)The military and the navy were neglected.
B)Jesuit missionaries were banished from the empire.
C)The four Spanish American viceroyalties were reduced to two.
D)Smuggling increased.
E)Officials began to be selected from criollos more often.

Question 16

Among which group would the daughters of the criollos try to find a husband?

A)The daughters would seek out other criollos.
B)The daughters would try to marry among the peninsulars.
C)The daughters would court the mestizos.
D)The daughters would try to find a suitable gaucho horseman.
E)The daughters would seek to marry non-Iberian Europeans.

Question 17

How is New Spain in the late 17th century and early 18th  century viewed?

A)It was viewed with cautious optimism.
B)It was viewed as a place of constant disturbance and rebellion.
C)It was viewed as a time of reconciliation and rebirth.
D)It was viewed as being in a period of decline and stagnation.
E)It was viewed as an area with strong growth.

Question 18

What was notably different about the Portuguese colony when compared to the neighboring Spanish colonies?

A)Brazilians were more class conscious.
B)Brazil was less class conscious.
C)Brazil was despised by Europeans in other colonies.
D)The Brazilians were almost always extremely successful.
E)Brazil was completely free with no slave labor.

Question 19

What was the result of a population increase among Native Americans?

A)a concern for rebellion against Spain
B)an increased amicable trade between Native Americans and the Spanish
C)an increase in commerce
D)an increase in exploitation by the Spanish
E)an influx of Native American migrants to Europe

Question 20

Who advocated for the importation of African slaves as a labor source for colonial Hispanic America?

A)the Church
B)the crown
C)the peninsulars
D)the crillos
E)the Amerindians

Question 21

____________________ was a valuable red dye extracted from native South American trees.

Question 22

Both military and judicial matters were handled through the colonial ____________________ for Spain within the provinces.

Question 23

Which of the following factors helped bring about the rapid fall of both the Aztec and Inca empires?

A)The Indians thought Cortés and Pizarro were devils.
B)The conquistadors bribed Moctezuma and Atahualpa to betray their people.
C)The conquistadors lost their Indian allies against the emperors.
D)The Indians had steel weapons capable of killing an armored horseman.
E)Masses of Indians died or were weakened by foreign diseases.

Question 24

What was the role of the colonial mestizos?

A)They paid taxes and helped the Catholic Church with the Inquisition.
B)They worked in the silver mines when no one else would.
C)They served as links between the Indian and Spanish populations.
D)They attended universities and brought their learning back to their homelands.
E)They would become military officers and alleviate manpower shortages for the Spanish.

Question 25

How did some of the Amerindians deal with the coming of Christianity in relation to many of their native practices and beliefs?

A)They abandoned their old beliefs to embrace Christianity completely.
B)They blended the various religions to produce a mixture of different belief systems.
C)They rejected any encroachments by the Christian faith.
D)They had the Jesuits expelled from their native homelands.
E)They used violence and burned churches to deter Christian conversions.

Question 26

Which of the following groups were at the bottom of the social pyramid in the Spanish colonies?

A)African slaves
B)mestizos
C)peninsulars
D)Amerindians
E)unmarried women

Question 27

What was the result of the slave rebellion led by Toussaint L'Ouverture?

A)It expanded the French domination of Haiti.
B)It made a lasting impression on many people on both sides of the slavery issue.
C)It brought Napoleon to the New World.
D)It ultimately led to complete independence for Haiti .
E)It was ultimately a failure .

Question 28

After conquering the Aztecs in 1521, Cortés began the construction of ____________________ with stone from destroyed pyramids.

Question 29

Haitian slaves gained freedom after a revolt led by ____________________, an ex-slave.

Question 30

____________________ was the Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering the Incas.

Question 31

Following the reforms that were intended to end native slave-labor on the encomiendas, the ____________________ were established as rural plantation-villages with a somewhat free wage labor.

Question 32

____________________ is a belief system where Catholic saints are equated to Orista spirits.

Question 33

How were Native Americans in colonial Hispanic America viewed legally?

A)They received special treatment and guidance.
B)They could serve in the militia.
C)They were treated as slaves.
D)They were severely restricted in their movement.
E)They were at the bottom of the social pyramid.

Question 34

Where did the rebellion by the Túpac Amaru take place?

A)Mexico
B)Saint Domingue
C)Cuba
D)Haiti
E)Peru

Question 35

____________________ were early Spanish town councils that were considered an elective government.

Question 36

Which of the following was most descriptive of situations for women in the Spanish colonies?

A)Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the Church.
B)Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated.
C)Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private.
D)Women were to be protected and proper at all times.
E)Women were denied legal status and expected to obey male relatives.

Question 37

The encomienda gave Spanish conquerors the right to demand ____________________ from the natives as a reward for exploration.

Question 38

Which of the following was true of social life in late 18th-century Latin America?

A)Criollos spent less time on intellectual pursuits than did peninsulars.
B)While they read mostly religious literature, the Spaniards also obtained access to some of the Inquisition's banned books.
C)Women usually preferred religious tracts to novels.
D)The social life of a city's elite citizens was fast-paced, with many outings and festivals.
E)Mixed-race and Amerindians were given equal rights.

Question 39

What was the result when local Indians were rounded up and moved into Spanish towns?

A)They refused to the point of death converting to Christianity.
B)They often became victims of the Inquisition.
C)They learned to read and write and began to assimilate into the dominant society.
D)They were sometimes captured and taken as slaves to the plantations of Brazil.
E)They were treated as perpetual children, and so were taught Christianity and handcrafts.

Question 40

____________________ was a colonial port city that flotillas loaded with bullion departed from yearly to return to Spain.

Question 41

Term for identification: gaucho

Question 42

Explain how the social dynamics played a role in the formation of Spanish colonial governments. Support your answer with examples.

Question 43

Term for identification: encomienda

Question 44

Term for identification: criollos

Question 45

Term for identification: peninsulars

Question 46

Term for identification: mestizos

Question 47

Term for identification: Toussaint L'Ouverture

Question 48

Describe the various aspects of colonial society, economics, and culture in the Iberian colonies including various ethnic groups and economic systems.

Question 49

Term for identification: Reconquista

Question 50

Explain the concept of social mobility in colonial Hispanic  America  including gender, class, and socio-economic aspects.

Question 51

Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese experience in the Americas including economic, political, and contact with native populations. Justify your answer with examples.

Question 52

What was the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Spanish colonies including religious, political, social, and cultural impact?

Question 53

Term for identification: haciendas

Question 54

Term for identification: cabildos

Question 55

Term for identification: Túpac Amaru II

Question 56

Discuss the fall of the Aztec and Incan empires including similarities and differences in each society's experience with European contact. What was the most significant factor in each?