Deck 13: Health, Stress, and Coping

Question 1

Currently, in America, it is estimated that what proportion of all adults are overweight?

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Julio has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches. Julio believes that he must actively change aspects of his environment that contribute to his stress, such as utilizing stress-management techniques, getting more sleep, exercising more, and improving his diet. Julio's view of health fits the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The branch of psychology that studies how cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as __________ psychology.

A)developmental
B)health
C)behavioral
D)stress

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Many diseases and well over half of all deaths in North America each year can be traced to

A)accidents.
B)unhealthy behaviors.
C)infectious diseases.
D)poor prenatal care.

Question 5

Heart disease, stroke, HIV\AIDS, and lung cancer often result from health-damaging personal habits and are examples of

A)dissociative disorders.
B)traumatic stress diseases.
C)lifestyle diseases.
D)factious disorders.

Question 6

When you are sick, the problem is physical and requires a physical treatment, such as taking medicine, according to the

A)psychosomatic perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 7

Any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect by the

A)psychosomatic perspective.
B)medical model.
C)mind-body perspective.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 8

A century ago, people primarily died from

A)infectious diseases and accidents.
B)lifestyle diseases.
C)suicide and war.
D)malnutrition.

Question 9

Health psychology is best defined as the

A)study of the ways that cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B)use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C)study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D)medical specialty focused on the study of nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness.

Question 10

You have gone to your medical doctor because of a terrible backache, and he prescribes medicine but informs you of stretching exercises to perform and ways that you can relieve stress on your job. Your doctor believes that the medicine will work best and healing will be faster if he can help you make sense of your medical condition. Thus, your doctor follows the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 11

Gordon has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches. He goes to his doctor, hoping she can diagnose his condition and prescribe some medicine that will alleviate his problems. Gordon's view of health fits the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 12

Health psychologists often work with doctors in the allied field of medicine that focuses on the nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness. This allied field is called

A)forensic medicine.
B)neuropathology.
C)psychophysiology.
D)behavioral medicine.

Question 13

Which perspective views diseases as being caused by a combination of several different factors and involves the person who is sick playing a role in fostering his or her own health rather than passively getting treatments from a doctor?

A)psychosomatic perspective
B)mind-body perspective
C)medical model
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 14

Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight with what proportion of these people being extremely overweight, or obese?

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)three-fourths

Question 15

Although it may become the leading cause in the near future, which factor currently ranks SECOND as a cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

A)smoking.
B)unsafe sexual behavior.
C)alcohol abuse.
D)being overweight.

Question 16

Today people primarily die from

A)infectious diseases.
B)lifestyle diseases.
C)accidents.
D)genetic diseases.

Question 17

Bart has a very unhealthy lifestyle, which is marked by the presence of a number of

A)health refusal factors.
B)behavioral risk factors.
C)cultural stressors.
D)Type B personality traits.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral risk factors is TRUE?

A)Almost all of the causes of poor health are beyond one's control.
B)Luckily, unhealthy lifestyles usually center around one type of risk factor so that managing the behavior is relatively easy.
C)All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.
D)Some behaviors and lifestyles promote health, whereas others lead to illness and death.

Question 19

Behavioral medicine is best defined as the

A)branch of psychology that studies the ways that cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B)use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C)study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D)medical specialty focused on study of nonbiological factors influencing physical health and illness.

Question 20

According to your textbook, which of the following are actions that increase the chances of disease, injury, or early death?

A)health refusal factors
B)neuroimmune risk factors
C)behavioral risk factors
D)Type B personality traits

Question 21

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

A)one alcoholic drink per week.
B)two alcoholic drinks per week.
C)one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free two or three days per week.
D)three or four alcoholic drinks per day and being alcohol-free at least one day a week.

Question 22

Those who are compassionate, resourceful, optimistic, and non-hostile tend to have

A)good health.
B)more money.
C)more sexual partners.
D)more depression.

Question 23

Jason has high blood pressure. Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

A)consuming less sodium (salt).
B)getting more exercise and losing weight.
C)using alcohol sparingly.
D)all of these.

Question 24

Pneumonia and other infections occur at higher rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease, which illustrates that

A)infectious diseases are often linked to behavioral risks, such as smoking, poor diet, and alcohol abuse.
B)many people have a disease-prone personality that causes additional infections.
C)genetics plays a strong role in the cause of cancers and diseases.
D)the causes of cancers and diseases are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 25

According to a recent study, the healthiest people eat a diet high in fruit, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products. This diet is called the __________ diet.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 26

Major behavioral risk factors include which of the following?

A)inadequate exercise
B)reckless driving
C)excess sun exposure
D)all of these

Question 27

Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions, including anxiety, hostility, and depression?

A)Type B
B)behavioral risk
C)stress-prone
D)disease-prone

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the major behavioral risk factors listed in your textbook?

A)high levels of stress
B)eating a Mediterranean diet.
C)inadequate exercise
D)violence

Question 29

The healthiest people in a study of health-promoting behaviors reaped the benefits of which of the following diet and exercise plans?

A)maintaining a strict diet of tofu and wheat grass and exercising at least two hours per day
B)adhering to a restrictive diet at least five days a week and engaging in strenuous exercise at least an hour per day
C)eating a Mediterranean diet and getting 30 minutes of exercise three or four times a week
D)eating a high-protein diet of red meat and very few carbohydrates and getting moderate exercise at least twice a week

Question 30

Regarding hypertension, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Although 78 percent of people with hypertension know that they have it, only 68 percent of these diagnosed patients are treated.
B)Medicine alone may not be enough to control a person's hypertension and restore health without changes in the person's behavior.
C)Despite being diagnosed, many people still don't change the habits that led to their hypertension.
D)Of those diagnosed with hypertension, 50 percent of these patients comply with their treatment regimens.

Question 31

Tenisha eats a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products. This healthy diet is known as the __________ diet.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 32

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly, rarely exercises, and has been smoking more. According to health psychologists, Megan is exhibiting a

A)disease-prone personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)behavioral risk personality.
D)stress-prone personality.

Question 33

Which of the following, in particular, is likely to damage health, since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly, sleep poorly, rarely exercise, fail to use seat belts in cars, and smoke too much?

A)anxiety
B)depression
C)pessimism
D)dissociative disorder

Question 34

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

A)engages constantly in cigarette smoking.
B)drives at excessive speeds.
C)has persistent negative emotions associated with poor health.
D)is uncontrollably violent.

Question 35

To prevent disease, health psychologists first try to

A)remove behavioral risk factors.
B)compensate for genetic predispositions.
C)use maintenance doses of medication.
D)use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Question 36

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

A)mania.
B)extraversion.
C)hostility.
D)Type-B attributes.

Question 37

High levels of stress, overeating, and unsafe sexual behavior increase the chance of injury or illness and are considered __________ risk factors.

A)refusal skills
B)moderate
C)behavioral
D)emotional

Question 38

Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the behavioral risk factors. These are smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, poor diet, insufficient exercise, and

A)violence.
B)risky sexual practices.
C)excessive sun exposure.
D)reckless driving.

Question 39

Which of the following include such obvious practices as getting regular exercise, controlling smoking and alcohol use, maintaining a balanced diet, getting good medical care, and managing stress?

A)refusal skills training
B)behavioral risk factors
C)life skills training
D)health-promoting behaviors

Question 40

Men and women engaging in health-promoting behaviors, such as getting adequate sleep, maintaining an ideal weight, and limiting use of alcohol, can expect to

A)psychologically crave a more exciting life.
B)increase their life expectancy.
C)be envious of friends who are risk-takers.
D)have happiness and harmony in their relationships with others.

Question 41

According to your textbook, what percent of American adults still smoke?

A)six percent
B)15 percent
C)29 percent
D)37 percent

Question 42

Good health-promoting behaviors include

A)not smoking cigarettes.
B)not consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)providing for periods of relaxation every day.
D)all of these.

Question 43

An increased risk of stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, high blood pressure, and heart disorders has been found from

A)consuming one alcoholic drink per day.
B)consuming two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)consuming three or more alcoholic drinks per day.
D)none of these, since a person would have to consume at least six alcoholic drinks per day for at least five years to increase his or her risk of these conditions.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A)learn stress management and lower hostility
B)provide for periods of relaxation every day
C)minimize sun exposure
D)eat a high protein, low carbohydrate diet

Question 45

According to your textbook, some of the best anti-smoking programs that have been shown to help young people resist pressure from peers, adults, and the media to start smoking involve __________ training.

A)behavioral risk factor
B)health-promoting behavioral
C)refusal skills
D)stress reduction

Question 46

The best way to deal with smoking involves campaigns to

A)help people reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day.
B)prevent cigarette smoking before it begins.
C)help people change to smokeless tobacco products.
D)reduce the nicotine levels in cigarettes.

Question 47

Which of the following includes practice in stress reduction, self-protection, decision-making, goal setting, self-control, and social skills that help young people to be less tempted to escape problems through drug use or other destructive behaviors?

A)life skills training
B)behavioral risk factor training
C)health-promoting behavioral training
D)defense mechanism training

Question 48

According to researchers Christakis and Fowler, which of the following is often a barrier to changing unhealthy behaviors?

A)social factors
B)chronic infectious diseases
C)a lack of money
D)a lack of knowledge

Question 49

Jasmine is attending a program at school that includes practice in stress reduction, self-protection, decision making, self-control, and social skills that will help her solve problems rather than turning to drug use or other destructive behaviors. This program is called

A)a psychological health workshop.
B)refusal skills training.
C)a community health campaign.
D)life skills training.

Question 50

The local community college and hospitals are joining together to sponsor a health fair that will provide blood pressure screenings, demonstrations on cooking healthier for one's heart, and exercise routines that can be worked into one's busy schedule. This health fair is a good example of which type of program?

A)longitudinal screening programs
B)community health campaigns
C)cross-cultural health promotionals
D)education-based health awareness projects

Question 51

Stress is likely to occur whenever

A)anger or rage occurs.
B)persistent or stereotyped responding is required of an organism.
C)an organism is forced to distinguish between real and imagined barriers.
D)demands are placed on an organism to adjust or adapt.

Question 52

Whenever a challenge forces people to adjust or adapt,

A)ineffective coping has occurred.
B)stress is occurring.
C)learned helplessness will result.
D)a physical or mental illness will result.

Question 53

Demarco is receiving refusal skills training at his high school. Typically, this type of training is used to teach young people how to

A)avoid smoking and other drug use.
B)cope with burnout.
C)resist stressors at home and at school.
D)avoid forming study habits that lead to school failure.

Question 54

School-based smoking prevention programs have used

A)anti-smoking art contests.
B)poster and T-shirt giveaways.
C)questions for students to ask their parents.
D)all of these.

Question 55

Regarding stress, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stress can be a major behavioral risk factor if it is prolonged or severe.
B)Positive activities, such as vacations and holidays, have not been shown to be stressful for most people.
C)Stress is not always bad for you.
D)The effects of stress are studied by health psychologists.

Question 56

It has been found that the best way to prevent people from smoking is to stop the behavior before it begins. A type of program that teaches youth to resist pressures from peers or adults to smoke is called

A)avoidance therapy.
B)refusal skills training.
C)desensitization training.
D)eradication therapy.

Question 57

The best explanation of why fewer and fewer American adults still smoke is

A)the medical advice from their doctors to stop smoking.
B)parents not wanting their children to model their smoking.
C)the high cost of cigarettes.
D)the growing social unpopularity of smoking.

Question 58

If you are overweight or need to quit smoking, you should do all of the following EXCEPT

A)isolate yourself from your friends until you completely change your unhealthy behavior.
B)develop friends in a healthier crowd.
C)decide to start healthier habits and get your friends to join you.
D)learn refusal skills.

Question 59

Thuy, who is a freshman in college, found that she started gaining weight after spending a lot of her time with her roommate Gayle, who is overweight. Thuy's weight gain is best explained by

A)a lack of motivation that occurs when first starting to college.
B)a lower metabolism that occurs in late adolescence.
C)the adoption of her roommate's eating habits.
D)the minor depression or "college blues" that set in upon leaving home.

Question 60

Tom's friends are very worried about him because he is engaging in the single most lethal behavioral risk factor and the largest preventable cause of death. Tom's lethal habit is

A)smoking.
B)reckless driving.
C)alcohol abuse.
D)obesity.

Question 61

A healthy lifestyle may include a fair amount of "good stress," which is referred to as

A)microstressors.
B)LCUs.
C)eustress.
D)a hardy stress reaction.

Question 62

Eustress is usually provoked by activities that

A)produce the most minimal amount of stress.
B)involve other people.
C)do not require a great deal of adjustment or adaptation.
D)are challenging, rewarding, and energizing.

Question 63

The alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion are the three stages of the

A)Cannon-Bard theory.
B)expectancy value theory.
C)general adaptation syndrome.
D)Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 64

Regarding stress and stress reactions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous system arousal that occurs during emotion.
B)Stress reactions are produced by both pleasant and unpleasant events.
C)Short-term stresses can be uncomfortable, but they rarely do any damage.
D)Activities that provoke eustress are usually threatening and highly unpleasant.

Question 65

Hans Selye developed a model, which describes the series of bodily reactions that occur to prolonged stress. He called this model the

A)mind-body connection.
B)locus of control.
C)general adaptation syndrome.
D)defense mechanism.

Question 66

Both your body's stress reaction and your body's emotional reaction begin with

A)cognitive assessments of person, situation, and behavior.
B)autonomic nervous system arousal.
C)large increases in alpha waves.
D)a specific condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person.

Question 67

Regarding stress and stress reactions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous system (ANS)arousal that occurs during emotion.
B)Stress can occur due to both positive and negative events.
C)Stress can be a major behavioral risk factor if it is prolonged or severe.
D)Stress is almost always bad for you and should be avoided at all costs.

Question 68

Tony likes to mountain climb, surf, and skateboard. He finds these activities challenging, rewarding, and energizing. According to Hans Selye, Tony is experiencing

A)eustress.
B)microstressors.
C)hardy stress reactions.
D)behavioral risk factors.

Question 69

Physical symptoms in the earliest stage of the general adaptation syndrome are similar to those during

A)any disease or trauma.
B)hypnosis.
C)sensory deprivation.
D)a psychotic break.

Question 70

Canadian researcher Hans Selye called the complete lack of stress

A)heaven.
B)death.
C)inertia.
D)vacation.

Question 71

The impact of long-term stresses can be understood by examining the body's defenses against stress, a pattern known as

A)the mind-body connection.
B)one's locus of control.
C)the general adaptation syndrome.
D)the defense mechanism model.

Question 72

Regarding stress, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Stress is almost always harmful and must be avoided at all costs.
B)A healthy lifestyle includes a fair amount of good stress.
C)Prolonged stress causes less harm than short-term intense stress.
D)Stress occurs only when you are exposed to unpleasant situations.

Question 73

During the alarm reaction of the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its resources to cope with added stress by the pituitary gland signaling the adrenal glands to produce more adrenaline, noradrenaline, and

A)acetylcholine.
B)serotonin.
C)cortisol.
D)dopamine.

Question 74

The correct order of the stages in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)are the

A)activation phase, maintenance reaction, and the stage of resolution.
B)activation phase, stage of resistance, and stage of resolution.
C)alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
D)alarm reaction, the stage of exhaustion, and the maintenance phase.

Question 75

Which of the following is associated with research on stress and described the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

A)Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
B)Albert Bandura
C)Hans Selye
D)Leon Festinger

Question 76

Kenan is standing at the top of a very steep ski run. Feeling momentary fear, he undergoes a rapid surge in his heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, muscle tension, and other autonomic nervous system responses. Kenan is experiencing

A)sports pressure.
B)a peak experience.
C)a stress reaction.
D)emotional exhaustion.

Question 77

Which of the following describes the body's reaction to stressful situations as a series of three stages?

A)mind-body connection
B)general adaptation syndrome
C)locus of control model
D)defense mechanism strategy

Question 78

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body mobilize its resources to cope with added stress by producing more adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol?

A)alarm reaction
B)activation phase
C)stage of resistance
D)defensive reaction

Question 79

The physical response to both pleasant and unpleasant stress, consisting of bodily changes related to autonomic nervous system arousal, is termed

A)a stress reaction.
B)burnout.
C)emotional exuberance.
D)emotional exhaustion.

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

A)alarm reaction
B)stage of resolution
C)stage of exhaustion
D)stage of resistance