Deck 12: Final Examination

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of group counseling?

A) It focuses on a particular type of problem.
B) It can be carried out in institutional settings.
C) Group members often determine the focus.
D) It deals with treatment of psychotic disorders.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is FALSE when the group leadership skill of questioning is used appropriately?

A) "Why" questions help a member experience intense feelings.
B) The member is directed to heighten feelings of the moment.
C) Questions that remove people from themselves are avoided.
D) Questioning is overused by many group leaders.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a co-leader action that could be potentially harmful for both the group members and the leaders?

A) not meeting together regularly
B) creating cliques
C) not trusting or respecting each other
D) having the ability to decide to work together

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The group leadership skill of interpreting involves all of the following EXCEPT :

A) offering possible explanations for certain behaviors or symptoms.
B) helping a member move beyond an impasse.
C) discouraging members from making their own interpretations.
D) presenting an interpretation in the form of a hypothesis or hunch.

Question 5

Psychoeducational groups are designed to

A) foster accomplishment of identified work goals.
B) help members go through difficult life transitions.
C) remediate in-depth psychological problems.
D) provide members with targeted education on a variety of psychological issues or informational deficits.

Question 6

Which of the following would NOT be a reason for encourag-ing prospective group leaders to have their own individual therapy?

A) to explore their motivations for becoming a group leader
B) to meet state requirements for competency
C) to understand the impact their character traits will have on others
D) to address any unfinished business in their lives
E) to explore ways they can fully utilize their strengths

Question 7

The group leadership skill of summarizing is useful during all of the following EXCEPT :

A) when the group process gets bogged down.
B) in arriving at a decision on where to go next.
C) at the end of a session.
D) at the beginning of a session.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of counseling groups?

A) They are never highly structured.
B) They are aimed at curing personality problems.
C) They focus on interpersonal relations among the mem-bers.
D) They require diagnosis for the members.

Question 9

The group leadership skill of active listening includes all the following EXCEPT

A) sensing underlying messages.
B) the ability to formulate your next response while listen-ing.
C) noting gestures and changes in expression.
D) being sensitive to discrepancies between a member's words and body language.

Question 10

Group leaders who use the skill of empathizing appropriately have a wide range of experiences that

A) help them identify with others.
B) enable them to know fully what another person is experiencing.
C) enable them to completely identify with group members by temporarily abandoning their separateness from them.
D) enable them to overlook confusing nonverbal messages.

Question 11

__________ is a process of presenting basic information about a group to potential group participants to assist them in deciding whether to enter the group and how to participate in it.

A) Confidentiality
B) Advanced directive
C) Informed consent
D) Psychological risk

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT describe how involvement in a therapeutic group as a member be helpful to beginning group leaders?

A) It is a more appropriate place to examine their own problems.
B) They can empathize with what it is like to be a group member.
C) It can serve as a valuable learning experience for under-standing group process.
D) It can make the beginning leader professionally capable of leading any type of group.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a way a group leader can make use of the skill of facilitating ?

A) working to create a climate of safety and acceptance
B) helping members express their fears and expectations
C) involving as few members as possible in the group interaction
D) providing encouragement and support as members explore highly personal material or as they try new behavior

Question 14

Which of the following factor is NOT as important to consider when deciding who is qualified to lead a particular group?

A) the type of group
B) whether or not the prospective leader has a Ph.D. degree
C) the limitations of the prospective leader
D) the prospective leader's knowledge competencies

Question 15

The group leadership skill of clarification does NOT involve which of the following?

A) focusing on key apparent issues
B) sorting out confused and conflicting feelings
C) asking open-ended questions in order to understand what a group member is saying
D) a tool that can be valuable in the initial stages of an en-counter

Question 16

The use of support as a leadership skill is inappropriate

A) when a member is venturing into frightening territory.
B) when a member is engaging in new behavior in a group.
C) when a member asks for support.
D) before a member has had the opportunity to fully experience a conflict or painful feelings.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a difference between group counseling and group therapy?

A) It deals primarily with conscious problems.
B) It is not aimed at major personality changes.
C) It is not concerned with treating psychotic disorders.
D) It includes more than one person.

Question 18

The group leadership skill of blocking should NOT be used when group members

A) bombard others with questions
B) begin to cry
C) break confidences.
D) invade privacy

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of the co-leadership model?

A) Leader burnout can be reduced.
B) If one leader must be absent, the group can proceed with the other leader.
C) Countertransference can be more easily recognized and dealt with.
D) It decreases the need for leaders to be fully present and listen actively if they are working with another leader.

Question 20

Which group work specialist is most likely to teach members to cope with an immediate life crisis or developmental life event, with the goal of preventing an array of educational and psychological disturbances?

A) counseling
B) psychotherapy
C) psychoeducational
D) task facilitation

Question 21

Confidentiality in groups is

A) a legal right of every member.
B) something that members can be guaranteed.
C) something that members cannot be guaranteed.
D) an absolute that can never be broken for any reason.

Question 22

Regarding the ethical use of techniques, which statement is FALSE ?

A) Any technique that is not working should be abandoned.
B) It is important for leaders to use techniques they have some knowledge about, preferably those they have received supervision in using.
C) Reluctant members should be pressured into participating in all group exercises for the sake of the cohesion of the group.
D) Techniques are used with consideration for the member's background.

Question 23

Using a theoretical framework to guide your practice as a group leader is important for all ofthe following reasons EXCEPT :

A) it tells you exactly what to do in every session
B) it helps to define both your role and the members' roles in a group.
C) it provides a frame of reference for understanding and evaluating the world of the  client
D) it helps you to select appropriate techniques in meeting the goals of the members.

Question 24

Which of the following would NOT be considered one of a group member's rights?

A) protection from verbal or physical as-saults
B) complete confidentiality
C) knowing the leader's qualifications
D) help from the group leader in developing personal goals

Question 25

In challenging members to think about the early decisions they made and in paying attention to members' self-talk, the leaders are drawing from approaches in the ______________ domain.

A) affective
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) spiritual

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true concerning the role of the leaders' values in the group?

A) It is important for leaders to volunteer information on their own values concerning any issue that surfaces
B) It is important for leaders to keep their values to them-selves to avoid swaying members.
C) Expressed values are less likely to interfere with group process than values that are hidden
D) It is unethical for group leaders to expose their values in the group setting

Question 27

Regarding the ethical issue of the freedom to withdraw from a group, which statement is FALSE ?

A) Members ultimately have the right to withdraw from a group.
B) Procedures for leaving a group should be explained to all members during the initial group session.
C) It is the sole responsibility of the group leader to determine whether a group experience is productive or counterproductive for each group member.
D) Leaders should discuss the possible risks involved in leaving a group prematurely.

Question 28

If an experienced group therapist invites members to share a significant story, it is safe to say that she is

A) using a technique
B) making a mistake by inviting storytelling
C) using their stories as a stalling device while she thinks of her next intervention
D) not making productive use of group time

Question 29

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it pertains to the ethical issue of confidentiality?

A) At various stages in the group's development the leader should stress the importance of maintaining confiden-tiality.
B) Group members may test the leaders in subtle ways to see if the leaders will indeed keep confidentiality.
C) When confidentiality is broken it is invariably the result of malicious gossip.
D) Group leaders should inform members that there are limits to confidentiality

Question 30

In developing and conceptualizing your integrative approach to counseling, you are advised to consider all of the following EXCEPT :

A) personality
B) interpersonal strengths
C) life experiences
D) other esteem

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT considered a psychological risk of participating in a therapeutic group?

A) Members may grow and change in a healthy manner.
B) Scapegoating may occur.
C) Members may experience major disruptions in their lives.
D) Members may end up feeling vulnerable and defenseless.

Question 32

Perhaps the best way to avoid a malpractice suit is

A) promising the client that the group will help him to be successful in accomplishing all of his goals.
B) guaranteeing confidentiality
C) using group exercises that are not grounded in a rationale
D) having a sincere interest in doing what is going to benefit the client
E) to avoid mentioning potential risks of group work

Question 33

Which of the terms below is often used to refer to a conceptual or theoretical creation beyond a mere blending of techniques?

A) technical integration
B) theoretical integration
C) conceptual synthesis
D) technical synthesis

Question 34

Concerning a leader's responsibility to secure informed consent of group members, the ASGW's Best Practice Guidelines states that all of the following informa-tion should be provided in writing EXCEPT for information

A) on the nature and purposes of the group.
B) on confidentiality and the exceptions to confidentiality.
C) on the role and responsibility of group members and leaders.
D) regarding every technique that might be introduced

Question 35

When using techniques in a group setting, it is important to remember that

A) their purpose is always to stir up emotions
B) they should be grounded in some theoretical framework.
C) if they are ineffective, it is because of the members' re-sis-tances.
D) one should use solution-focused strategies whenever possible given their widespread appeal.

Question 36

Which of the following captures the essence of informed consent?

A) having members sign a contract before joining a group
B) telling members in some detail about the nature and pur-pose of the group
C) having members decide upon all the activities of the group
D) making sure that groups will always be composed of vol-untary membership

Question 37

What can safely be said on the issue of psychological risks in groups?

A) In a well-designed group, there really are no psychologi-cal risks.
B) Since groups can be catalysts for change, they also in-volve risks.
C) Members can be given guarantees that a group will not involve risks.
D) There are risks only when members are not properly screened.

Question 38

To avoid inadvertent breeches of confidentiality, group leaders should

A) provide members with ways to talk about their experiences without identifying other group members.
B) establish and strictly enforce a zero tolerance policy for those who violate confidentiality by dismissing them from the group.
C) punish violaters of confidentiality with the silent treatment.
D) require members who breech confidentiality to pay a steep fine.

Question 39

In order to practice in a multiculturally competent manner, leaders who have adopted any of the major theoretical orientations should do all of the following EXCEPT :

A) consider all dimensions of a member's identity including age, gender, sexual orientation, ability, and religious affiliation
B) introduce exercises in an invitational and optional manner
C) validate and understand members experiences with racism, discrimination, and oppression before challenging them to respond differently
D) only consider a member's age and gender

Question 40

Which of the guidelines below were NOT presented in the text to help you to make sound decisions as a group leader?

A) Take time to reflect on your personal identity.
B) Become familiar with the established codes of ethics.
C) Challenge yourself by taking on projects that are outside your scope of competence.
D) Give members the ground rules that will govern group activities.

Question 41

Certain types of members can sap a group's energy for pro-ductive work. These do NOT include

A) hostile and aggressive people
B) people without relationship concerns or problems
C) people who monopolize
D) people who act out

Question 42

The _________________ approach views people as being significantly influenced by unconscious motivation and early childhood experiences.

A) psychoanalytic
B) person-centered
C) existential
D) Adlerian

Question 43

Which of the following is the best procedure to follow when informing a person that they have NOT been accepted as a member in your group?

A) Have all applicants meet and then read the names of those selected.
B) Discuss the reasons for this decision with the particular person, taking care to be honest and sensitive, and pro-viding them with an appropriate referral.
C) Inform them of your decision by means of a letter
D) Have your secretary call them

Question 44

Which of the following techniques is NOT associated with the psychoanalytic approach?

A) maintaining the analytic framework
B) free association
C) dream analysis
D) paradoxical interventions

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT appropriate for the preliminary screening session?

A) allowing the applicant to interview the group leader
B) focusing the session only on the personal history of the applicant
C) encouraging the applicant to form a judgment about the group and the leader
D) determining whether the applicant is motivated to change

Question 46

The cognitive behavioral approaches have all of the following attributes in common EXCEPT :

A) a collaborative relationship between the group member and the therapist
B) a focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behavior
C) a generally time-limited and educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems
D) a focus on the past

Question 47

Using ________________________, the client acts out or dramatizes past, present, or anticipated life situations and roles to gain deeper understanding, to explore feelings and achieve emotional release, and to develop new ways of coping with problems.

A) psychodrama
B) expressive arts therapy
C) narrative therapy
D) the existential approach

Question 48

When looking at the logistics or practical considerations of forming a group, which of the following is LEAST important to consider?

A) group size
B) frequency and duration of meetings
C) the duration of the group
D) the analysis of transference among group members

Question 49

Which of the following is FALSE about holding a pre-group ses-sion for all candidates?

A) The leader cannot outline any reasons for the group
B) An outline of possible topics for exploration can be given
C) Group members can meet one another and the leaders
D) Questions about the group can be answered

Question 50

Adlerians place emphasis on the family constellation as a key factor in influencing one's

A) style of life
B) quality world
C) psychopathology
D) psychosexual development

Question 51

Which of the therapeutic approaches below does NOT stress the role of thinking and doing and is NOT action-oriented?

A) cognitive therapy
B) behavior therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) reality therapy

Question 52

The overall goal of choice theory/reality therapy is to help people find better ways to meet  their needs for

A) self-esteem and self-control
B) survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun
C) social interest
D) psychosocial development

Question 53

When attempting to organize and begin a group in an agency setting, it is important to

A) be aware of the politics involved in the setting in which you work
B) give up the idea if no one else on staff seems excited about it.
C) expect the support and encouragement of your co-work-ers
D) all of the above

Question 54

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it relates to the composition of a group (heterogeneous vs. homoge-neous)?

A) Personal growth groups tend to be homogeneous.
B) A heterogeneous group is best when a microcosm of the outside social structure is desired.
C) The composition of the group depends on the particular goals of that group.
D) A homogeneous group is best for a specific target popu-lation with given needs

Question 55

Prospective group members need to be given all of the following information about the group that they are thinking of joining EXCEPT :

A) goals
B) procedures
C) expected outcomes
D) guaranteed outcomes

Question 56

__________ is possible, even in cases where members attend only a few times, but a high level of activity is demanded of inpatient group therapists.

A) A detailed established goal
B) Social justice
C) Storytelling
D) Cohesion

Question 57

Rather than thinking about techniques, ________________ therapists think more in terms of experiments.

A) narrative
B) brief solution-focused
C) Gestalt
D) behavior

Question 58

A key goal of an Adlerian group is

A) increasing insight into one's irrational behaviors and unconscious dynamics.
B) fostering social interest, or facilitating a sense of connectedness with others
C) changing self-defeating thinking
D) creating new conditions for learning

Question 59

A group composed of elementary school children might be kept to __________ students.

A) 1 to 2
B) 3 to 4
C) 6 to 8
D) 10 to 12

Question 60

Which of the following statements is NOT true in terms of re-cruiting group members?

A) How a group is announced influences the way it will be received.
B) How a group is announced influences the kind of people who will join it.
C) One of the best methods is the commercialized approach, as opposed to a professional approach.
D) One source of referrals is your colleagues in the agency where you work

Question 61

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it applies to confidentiality in groups?

A) In order to create a climate of trust, the leader should emphasize that confidentiality within the group must be absolute, without any limitations.
B) It is a crucial issue in groups.
C) The importance of confidentiality should be stressed many times during the course of a group.
D) Limitations to confidentiality apply to groups composed of involuntary populations.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT true about co-leader issues at the pre-group and planning stages?

A) It is unnecessary to be in agreement concerning ethical aspects of group work.
B) Cooperation and basic agreement are essential in getting the group off to a good start.
C) Both leaders should have equal responsibility in forming the group and getting it going.
D) Walking into a group cold, without getting acquainted with your co-leader, is to invite problems.

Question 63

All of the following statements about cohesion are true EXCEPT :

A) it can be strengthened by accepting and working through conflict.
B) it is related to the degree of attractiveness of the group.
C) it can be increased by forcing all members to become active participants.
D) it can be established and increased when the leadership role is shared by all group members

Question 64

When group members experience persistent feelings or thoughts pertaining to their here-and-now experience in the group, it is best that they

A) keep these feelings or thoughts to themselves, as sharing them may interfere with the group's progress.
B) ignore these feelings or thoughts, realizing that they will distract them from more important issues.
C) reveal these feelings or thoughts to the others in the group.
D) reveal details of their past so that others will know them.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT true concerning desirable size for a group?

A) It depends on the age of the clients and the type of group.
B) It depends on the leader's experience and the type of problems to be explored.
C) A group for elementary school children should consist of at least eight to ten members
D) A group for adolescents should consist of six to eight members.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT considered a main task of group leaders during the formation of a group?

A) Presenting a proposal to the proper administrators and getting the idea accepted.
B) Developing a wide array of group techniques that will be used for each of the sessions.
C) Conducting pre-group interviews for screening and orientation purposes.
D) Providing potential members with relevant information necessary for them to make an informed choice about participation.

Question 67

Reluctance to speak out may function as

A) establishment of norms which is necessary for development of group cohesion.
B) development as a result of preconceived ideas about what takes place in a group.
C) an implicit norm that may develop as a result of leader model-ing.
D) a healthy boundary rather than being an expression of resistance.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it relates to the topic of self-disclosure?

A) The most useful kind of self-disclosure is that which has been carefully thought out first.
B) Appropriate self-disclosure can open doors of self-knowledge.
C) Appropriate self-disclosure can encourage other mem-bers to open up.
D) Appropriate self-disclosure expresses present concerns.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of a therapeutic group over other intervention strategies?

A) Group members can learn effective social skills.
B) The group setting offers support for new behavior.
C) Groups are suited for everyone.
D) Participants can explore their style of relating to others.

Question 70

In regard to open groups and closed groups, it is accurate to say that

A) closed groups enable members to interact with a greater variety of people.
B) the rapid changing of members in open groups can result in a lack of cohesion.
C) in closed groups, new members are typically allowed to join every few sessions, but they are expected to remain for the duration of the group.
D) most therapists find it much easier to foster cohesion in open groups than in closed groups.

Question 71

Many group members hold __________ that make it difficult for them to participate fully in a group experience.

A) attitudes and expectations
B) teaching and learning
C) listening and clarity
D) change and shame

Question 72

An example of a norm that is UNLIKELY to be fostered in groups is that members are

A) encouraged to confront each other in an uncaring or tactless manner.
B) encouraged to be personal and share meaningful aspects of themselves.
C) encouraged to give feedback to one another.
D) encouraged to focus on and express feelings.

Question 73

Which of the following topics is NOT appropriate for discussion at the pre-group or initial session of a new group?

A) expectations of leaders and members
B) collecting a detailed history on each group member
C) advantages and limitations of groups
D) misconceptions and facts about groups

Question 74

Certain attitudes and action of leaders enhance the level of trust in a group. Which of the following factors is LEAST related to developing this trust?

A) attending and listening
B) direct and relentless confrontation of defenses
C) genuineness and self-disclosure
D) respect

Question 75

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding ways group members can be encouraged to get more out of their experience?

A) Evaluate your involvement in the group regularly.
B) Wait until a group is in its later stages before you ask for time for yourself.
C) Decide beforehand what issues you want to explore dur-ing the group sessions.
D) Avoid making interpretations of an abstract and intellec-tual nature.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is NOT true as it applies to resistance during the initial stage?

A) Resistance is generally not common during the initial stage of a group, since members are quite willing to get personally involved quickly.
B) Cultural factors may influence clients' readiness to participate in a group
C) Some initial resistance is to be expected in the early stage, even if people are eager to join in.
D) Because resistance often arises from fearful expectations, identifying and discussing these fears will benefit the whole group.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT supported by research on pre--group preparation?

A) Prepared members tend to engage more readily in inter-personal discussions.
B) Prepared members develop a greater degree of cohesive-ness.
C) Successful group preparation is based primarily on a be-havioral component (modeling).
D) Pre-group preparation facilitates a member's progress in a therapy group.

Question 78

During a group's initial phase, members can best build trust by

A) waiting until someone takes the first risk and then open-ing up.
B) revealing their lack of trust.
C) relying on "trust exercises" initiated by the leader (e.g., falling backward and trusting others to catch you).
D) sharing non-intimate details about themselves.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT typical of the feelings, reactions, and be-haviors of members who are in the initial stage of their group's progress?

A) anxiety
B) a high degree of cohesiveness
C) a concern about being judged by others
D) wondering if they will fit into the group

Question 80

If the goal of a group is the simulation of everyday life, then it is a good idea to have

A) a homogeneous group.
B) a heterogeneous group.
C) an endogenous group.
D) an androgynous group.