Deck 47: Animal Nutrition

Question 1

How does a calorie (lower case "c")differ from a Calorie (upper case "C")?

A)One calorie equals 100 Calories.
B)One calorie equals 1000 Calories.
C)One Calorie equals 100 calories.
D)One Calorie equals 1000 calories.
E)They are the same.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Vitamins ____ are produced within the human body.

A)A and C
B)A and D
C)C and D
D)C and K
E)D and K

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Mechanical digestion in the human digestive system is best illustrated by ____.

A)absorption
B)amylase
C)bacterial action in the large intestine
D)chewing
E)pepsin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A diet of primarily grains would likely be deficient in the____ fatty acids.

A)linoleic and phospholipid ​
B)linoleic and linolenic
C)omega-5 and omega-3
D)linolenic and omega-5
E)phospholipid and omega-3

Question 5

The ____ of a bird's digestive system contains sand and rocks to aid in mechanical digestion.

A)crop
B)esophagus
C)gizzard
D)intestine
E)mouth

Question 6

Which two animals are classified as suspension feeders?

A)clams and aphids
B)clams and fiddler crabs
C)lampreys and rabbits
D)lampreys and rabbits
E)gray whales and clams

Question 7

The anglerfish obtains food by ____.

A)catching the fish with its appendages
B)emitting a scent into the water
C)swimming to the surface
D)inverting its stomach
E)luring the fish near its mouth

Question 8

A deficiency of vitamin C can result in ____.

A)anemia
B)beriberi
C)night blindness
D)rickets
E)scurvy

Question 9

Choanocytes are found in ____ and participate in intracellular digestion.

A)birds
B)earthworms
C)grasshoppers
D)humans
E)sponges

Question 10

During digestion ____.

A)carbohydrates are split into proteins
B)proteins are broken down into fatty acids
C)fatty acids are split into non-fatty acids
D)carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are split into smaller chemical subunits
E)carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are split into larger chemical subunits ​

Question 11

A diet that does not contain any dark green vegetables, whole grains, yeast, or legumes may result in a ____ deficiency.

A)vitamin B₁
B)vitamin B₂
C)vitamin B₆
D)folic acid
E)niacin

Question 12

The gastrovascular cavity of a flatworm serves as both the ____ and ____ systems of the body. ​

A)digestive; circulatory
B)digestive; reproductive
C)digestive; respiratory ​
D)circulatory; respiratory
E)respiratory; reproductive

Question 13

Vitamin ____ is produced in humanskin when exposed to sunlight.

A)A
B)B₁
C)C
D)D
E)folic acid

Question 14

Place the following digestive structures of an annelid in the proper order, beginning at the start of the digestive tract.

A)mouth → esophagus → crop → gizzard → intestine → anus
B)mouth → esophagus → intestine → crop → gizzard → anus
C)mouth → esophagus → gizzard → crop → intestine → anus
D)mouth → esophagus → crop → intestine → gizzard → anus
E)mouth → esophagus → intestine → gizzard → crop → anus

Question 15

Humans are an example of ____.

A)bulk feeders
B)deposit feeders
C)fluid feeders
D)suspension feeders
E)bulk and fluid feeders

Question 16

What is the role of the lysosome in intracellular digestion?

A)absorption ​
B)enzymatic digestion
C)filtration
D)mechanical digestion
E)energy production

Question 17

Place the five steps of digestion in most animals with a digestive tube in the proper order.

A)absorption → enzymatic hydrolysis → mechanical processing → secretion of enzymes → elimination
B)absorption → mechanical processing → enzymatic hydrolysis → secretion of enzymes → elimination
C)mechanical processing → absorption → secretion of enzymes → enzymatic hydrolysis → elimination
D)mechanical processing → secretion of enzymes → enzymatic hydrolysis → absorption → elimination
E)mechanical processing → secretion of enzymes → absorption → enzymatic hydrolysis → elimination

Question 18

An example of a fluid feeder is a ____.

A)hummingbird
B)lamprey
C)gray whale
D)snake
E)heron

Question 19

Which group consumes animals?

A)carnivores and herbivores ​
B)carnivores and omnivores
C)omnivores and herbivores
D)carnivores only
E)herbivores only

Question 20

The ____ in the bird's digestive tract is utilized for food storage.

A)crop
B)esophagus
C)gizzard
D)intestine
E)mouth

Question 21

Heartburn is caused by the ____.

A)gastroesophageal sphincter remaining too tightly closed
B)gastroesophageal sphincter remaining a bit open
C)pyloric sphincter remaining too tightly closed
D)pyloric sphincter remaining a bit open
E)the gastroesophageal and the pyloric sphincters remaining too tightly closed

Question 22

Human saliva contains ____ enzymes.

A)aminopeptidase
B)amylase
C)chymotrypsin
D)pepsin
E)trypsin

Question 23

A deficiency of ____ produces a goiter in humans.

A)calcium
B)iodine
C)magnesium
D)manganese
E)zinc

Question 24

Deficiencies of ____may result in muscular weakness.

A)iron and copper
B)iron and manganese
C)iodine and iron
D)phosphorus and calcium
E)phosphorus and potassium

Question 25

The pH of stomach acids is usually ____or lower.

A)2
B)4
C)7
D)10
E)12

Question 26

The ____ cells produce pepsinogen in the stomach.

A)brush border cells
B)chief cells
C)choanocytes
D)parietal cells
E)villi

Question 27

What function does the presence of alkaline components in pancreatic juice serve?

A)They create an optimum environment for digestion in the small intestine.
B)They neutralize the acidity of stomach.
C)They stimulate peristalsis in the small intestine.
D)They create an optimum environment for digestion in the stomach.
E)They stimulate peristalsis in the stomach.

Question 28

Of the 13 essential vitamins, ____ are water soluble and ____ are fat soluble.

A)3; 10
B)4; 9
C)5; 8
D)9; 4
E)10; 3

Question 29

The ____ digestive structures in humans secrete amylase.

A)liver and gallbladder
B)liver and pancreas
C)pancreas and gallbladder
D)pancreas and salivary glands
E)pancreas, liver, and salivary glands

Question 30

The ____ layer of the mammalian gut performs peristalsis.

A)mucosa
B)muscularis
C)serosa
D)submucosa
E)submucosa and muscularis

Question 31

Anemia can result from a deficiency of ____.

A)calcium
B)chlorine
C)iodine
D)iron
E)phosphorus

Question 32

What is the purpose of the watery fluid secreted by the serosa of the human digestive tract?

A)emulsifies fats
B)initiates peristalsis
C)kills bacteria
D)neutralizes acidic conditions
E)reduces friction between nearby organs

Question 33

Place the layers of a mammalian gut in order, from the outermost layer to the lumen.

A)mucosa → submucosa → muscularis → serosa
B)muscularis → mucosa → submucosa → serosa
C)serosa → muscularis → submucosa → mucosa
D)serosa → mucosa → submucosa → muscularis
E)serosa → submucosa → mucosa → muscularis

Question 34

The ____ regulates the movement of food into the stomach and the ____ regulates the passage of food into the small intestine.

A)epiglottis; gastroesophageal sphincter
B)epiglottis; pyloric sphincter
C)gastroesophageal sphincter; epiglottis
D)gastroesophageal sphincter; pyloric sphincter
E)pyloric sphincter; anal sphincter

Question 35

The digestion of proteins in humans begins in the ____.

A)large intestine
B)mouth
C)pancreas
D)small intestines
E)stomach

Question 36

The digestion of lipids in humans begins in the ____.

A)large intestine
B)mouth
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 37

Individuals with a vitamin ____ deficiency may develop ____.

A)A; bone softening
B)D; night blindness
C)C; increased blood clotting time
D)E; neuromuscularproblems
E)K; fatigue

Question 38

Most peptic ulcers are caused by ____.

A)antibiotics
B)bacteria
C)heartburn
D)lactose intolerance
E)malnutrition

Question 39

Food is formed into a bolus in the ____.

A)large intestine
B)liver
C)mouth
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 40

The____layer of the digestive tract in mammals is in direct contact with the lumen.

A)mucosa
B)muscularis
C)submucosa
D)serosa
E)serosa and muscularis

Question 41

The digestion of starches begins in the ____.

A)esophagus
B)large intestine
C)mouth
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 42

The ____ tooth type may not be present in herbivores, yet is prominent in carnivores.

A)canine ​
B)incisor
C)molar
D)premolar
E)wisdom

Question 43

The ____ produces gastrin that activates secretion of HCl and pepsinogen within itself.

A)mouth
B)liver
C)large intestine
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 44

Food is classified as chyme in the ____.

A)large intestine
B)liver
C)mouth
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 45

Weight loss dieting in humans has been shown to ____.

A)increase absolute numbers of Firmicutes bacteria ​
B)decrease absolute numbers of Firmicutes bacteria
C)increase the abundance of Firmicutes bacteria relative to Bacteroidetes bacteria
D)decrease the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacteria relative to Bacteroidetes bacteria
E)not affect bacterial populations in human intestines

Question 46

The ____secretes bile.

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 47

The ____ in the human body regulates hunger and satiety (a sense of fullness).

A)hypothalamus ​
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 48

The digestive structure that stores concentrated bile is the ____.

A)duodenum
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)pancreas
E)stomach

Question 49

An example of an animal with a long digestive tract and molars with large, ridged surfaces is a ____.

A)cat
B)deer
C)dog
D)shark
E)tiger

Question 50

The primary function of the large intestine is to ____.

A)absorb water
B)absorb nutrients
C)complete the digestion of carbohydrates
D)complete the digestion of fats
E)complete the digestion of protein

Question 51

The pancreas is located between the ____ and the ____.

A)gallbladder; liver
B)liver; stomach
C)liver; small intestine
D)stomach; small intestine
E)stomach; liver

Question 52

The appendix is a vestigial structure that extends off of the ____.

A)cecum
B)colon
C)duodenum
D)rectum
E)stomach

Question 53

When fat enters the duodenum, it stimulates release of ____. ​

A)amylase
B)cholecystokinin
C)gastrin
D)secretin
E)trypsin

Question 54

The ____ in humans is active in both the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients.

A)mouth
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 55

The two proteases in the small intestine that complete protein digestion are ____.

A)aminopeptidase and dipeptidase
B)aminopeptidase and disaccharidase
C)dipeptidase and disaccharidase
D)dipeptidase and phosphatase
E)nucleotidase and nucleosidase

Question 56

The majority of digestion in the human body takes place in the ____.

A)liver
B)mouth
C)large intestine
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 57

Veins from the ____ join together and form the hepatic portal vein.

A)large intestine
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
E)stomach

Question 58

Which teeth are used to crush and grind food?

A)canines only
B)incisors only
C)molars only
D)canines and incisors
E)incisors and molars

Question 59

Ruminants have ____ chamber(s)in their stomachs.

A)one
B)​two
C)​three
D)​four
E)​five

Question 60

When a ruminant "chews his cud," digested food is regurgitated from the ____, rechewed, and swallowed.

A)abomasum and omasum
B)abomasum and rumen
C)omasum and rumen
D)rumen and reticulum
E)reticulum and omasum

Question 61

A deficiency in thiamin causes the nervous system disorder ____.

A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)rickets
D)scurvy
E)anemia

Question 62

The presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach serves to ____.

A)inactivate pepsinogen
B)digest fats
C)activate amylase ​
D)kill bacteria
E)emulsify proteins

Question 63

The top priority for energy allocation in animals is ____.

A)maintenance metabolism
B)growth
C)reproduction
D)storage
E)growth of sexually dimorphic features

Question 64

A byproduct of digestion in the stomach of some mammals is ____, and it may be produced in large quantities in ____.

A)methane; carnivores
B)methane; ruminants
C)mucus; carnivores
D)mucus; ruminants
E)mucus; both carnivores and ruminants

Question 66

The ____ has a digestive tract.

A)coral
B)earthworm ​
C)flatworm
D)hydra
E)sea anemone

Question 69

Vitamin ____ is water soluble.

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)K

Question 71

Cholesterol can be scavenged by ____.

A)VLDLs
B)HDLs
C)LDLs
D)LCATs
E)HDLs and LDls

Question 74

The liver ____.

A)detoxifies toxic substances
B)breaks down bile
C)absorbs amylase
D)synthesizes lipoproteins
E)turns glycogen into glucose

Question 76

The ____ of the human digestive tract can be classified as endocrine glands since they produce hormones.

A)liver and gallbladder
B)liver and pancreas
C)liver and small intestine
D)pancreas and small intestine
E)pancreas and stomach

Question 79

Which enzyme is paired with the substance it digests?

A)lipase - protein
B)pancreatic amylase - starch
C)pepsin - starch
D)salivary amylase - protein
E)trypsin - fats