Deck 24: Imperialism and Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914

Question 1

Define the following terms: White Man's Burden

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: revisionist

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: la belle époque

Question 5

Define the following terms: Evolutionary Socialism

Question 6

Define the following terms: new imperialism

Question 7

Define the following terms: Titanic

Question 8

Define the following terms: Sigmund Freud

Question 9

Define the following terms: Leopold of Belgium

Question 10

Define the following terms: Jean Jaurès

Question 11

Define the following terms: Second International

Question 12

Define the following terms: syndicalism

Question 13

Define the following terms: Primrose League

Question 14

Define the following terms: anarchism

Question 15

Define the following terms: Congress of Berlin

Question 16

Define the following terms: Zionism

Question 17

Define the following terms: Michael Bakunin

Question 18

Define the following terms: psychoanalysis

Question 19

Define the following terms: anti-Semitism

Question 20

Define the following terms: Gaetano Mosca

Question 21

Define the following terms: Nicholas II

Question 22

Define the following terms: Wilhelm II

Question 23

Define the following terms: Young Turks

Question 24

Define the following terms: Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 25

Define the following terms: Triple Entente

Question 26

Define the following terms: home rule

Question 27

Define the following terms: Henri Bergson

Question 28

Define the following terms: suffragettes, suffragists

Question 29

Define the following terms: Edvard Munch

Question 30

How did the new imperialism both resemble and differ from the old imperialism in its geographical focus, motives, and expectations? What role was played by Social Darwinism? Give some examples of European expansion in the era of the new imperialism.

Question 31

Define the following terms: Paul Gauguin

Question 32

Define the following terms: avant-garde

Question 33

Define the following terms: Dreyfus affair

Question 34

Define the following terms: soviets, Duma

Question 35

Define the following terms: Weltpolitik

Question 36

Define the following terms: Vladimir Lenin

Question 37

Define the following terms: Triple Alliance

Question 38

Define the following terms: Emmeline Pankhurst

Question 39

Define the following terms: Bolsheviks

Question 40

Show how the Titanic can be an effective metaphor for the West in 1914.

Question 41

From 1500 to 1800, about six million people migrated out of Europe. In the years 1870-1914, the number was

A) about half that amount.
B) about the same.
C) three times as large.
D) great enough so that Europeans controlled or influenced the rest of the globe.
E) actually decreased.

Question 42

Analyze the dilemma faced by the British government in Ireland. What was meant by home rule, and why was it so strongly opposed by the British? Was it reasonable for the Irish to insist on a united Ireland?

Question 43

Referring to the Chronological Chart in Chapter 24, choose three events that you could merge to make a theme. Explain how these three items support your theme.

Question 44

How did Europe, with its unprecedented prosperity and power, descend into the First World War?

Question 45

Eduard Bernstein's revisionism held that

A) history could be accelerated and the socialist revolution could occur in his lifetime.
B) a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries should lead an alliance of peasants and workers to overthrow capitalism.
C) the working class could peacefully build socialism by using existing bourgeois political institutions.
D) only a general strike could significantly challenge capitalism.
E) the ideals of Marxism were too radical.

Question 46

Imagine Freud, Nietzsche, Bergson, and other late-nineteenth-century intellectuals and artists explaining their ideas in an Enlightenment salon. Present a concise statement of their essential arguments and discuss the points at which rationalists would raise objections.

Question 47

"White Man's Burden" refers to

A) the growing awareness and guilt European and American men felt for limiting the life choices of women.
B) a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta about colonial life.
C) the conviction that Westerners had a duty to their colonial subjects.
D) a section of the manifesto of the Indian Congress Party.
E) the competition between European nations to subdue Africa.

Question 48

Summarize the political and economic problems faced by Great Britain, France, and Italy, and discuss how they contributed to governmental weakness and instability. Did Germany suffer from any of the same troubles?

Question 49

What were some points at which liberalism failed to provide answers to important social questions? What alternative ideologies developed in the early twentieth century? What role did racism play in some ideologies?

Question 50

Beneath the surface of the age of optimism and la belle époque lay growing discontent and tensions. These included

A) increased difficulty in achieving political consensus.
B) growing international competition and suspicions.
C) a deepening disillusionment of the intelligentsia.
D) growing militarism.
E) All of these

Question 51

Discuss the challenges facing the Russian Empire at the turn of the twentieth century, and explain how the tsarist government attempted to meet them. How could this situation set the stage for revolution?

Question 52

An exception to the success of European colonial armies was

A) the continued freedom of the Congo from European domination.
B) defeat of the Italians by an Ethiopian army.
C) the successful revolt of Morocco against British rule.
D) the permanent independence of Indochina.
E) the defeat of England in Egypt.

Question 53

Motives for the new imperialism included all of the following except

A) hopes for new markets abroad.
B) strategic concerns.
C) religious and humanitarian aims.
D) a need to defend Europe against more advanced Asian and African states.
E) an outlet for domestic issues.

Question 54

Which of the following, regarding expansion and colonialism, was not portrayed as a sign of virility?

A) Actions were contrasted with the effeminacy of the colonized peoples.
B) The manliness of expansion was compared to the domestic passivity of European females.
C) Missionaries were usually men who brought their wives.
D) Masculine terms were used to describe expansionistic or exploring exploits.
E) The writings of Mary Kingsley

Question 55

Which of the following was not a European public reaction to expansion?

A) The public was violently opposed to the exploitation of weaker nations.
B) A strong belief that it was their duty to civilize the inferior races
C) A belief that all Europeans had a common cause and common destiny that separated them from savagery
D) Creating colonial societies in support of expansion
E) Producing a steady stream of propaganda in support of expansion

Question 56

Discuss the migration of large numbers of Europeans overseas and their effect on the places in which they settled. Where did most of them go? Why did they leave Europe? What were some ways in which they affected their new environments?

Question 57

The general success of the new imperialism was due primarily to

A) the eagerness of non-Europeans for European culture.
B) advanced European military weapons and techniques.
C) mass migration of Europeans to the new colonies.
D) a unified cooperative effort by all the Great Powers.
E) telegraphic communications that coordinated political and military decisions.

Question 58

European global imperialism from the 1880s to 1914 included all of the following except

A) massive migrations.
B) growing cooperation among European powers.
C) political control of much of the world.
D) export of European institutions, values, and lifestyles.
E) it was centered in Asia and Africa.

Question 59

One of the causes of the Boxer Rebellion included

A) the determination of the Qing Dynasty to get a bigger share of colonial profits.
B) the clamor from the Chinese public to go to war with Japan.
C) the demand from the Chinese public to westernize.
D) the actions of the "Righteous and Harmonious Fists."
E) Chinese acceptance of Christianity.

Question 60

By 1900, liberalism began to abandon which of its original tenets?

A) Government should not play an active role in society.
B) The inalienable right to life, liberty, and property
C) Government adherence to constitutions, written and unwritten
D) The treatment of labor was the responsibility of employers.
E) All of these

Question 61

The scientific theories of Einstein and Planck

A) reinforced the confidence generated by the Scientific Revolution.
B) contributed to a sense of the uncertainty of knowledge.
C) reinforced Newtonian physics.
D) destroyed quantum theory.
E) were easily understood by the general public.

Question 62

Problems for the French Third Republic included all of the following except

A) violent actions by women suffragists.
B) rural and worker agitation and repression.
C) the Dreyfus case.
D) antagonistic relations with the Catholic Church.
E) a lack of strong leadership in the French government.

Question 63

Unlike traditional conservatives, the "new right" emerging in the 1880s

A) was more populist and demagogic.
B) enthusiastically embraced nationalism.
C) espoused racist ideologies.
D) did not call for war to achieve nationalistic goals.
E) All of these

Question 64

Italy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries experienced all of the following except

A) significant population growth.
B) the conquest of Libya.
C) elimination of serious regional differences.
D) massive worker unrest.
E) although calling itself a democracy, property qualification limited suffrage.

Question 65

Brutal insensitivity to the needs of indigenous peoples was a hallmark of expansionism; which of the following is not true?

A) The letter from Chief Montwhiwa to Queen Victoria was ignored.
B) Large tracts of land in the French Congo was seized and administrated by private rubber companies.
C) Leopold II mercilessly exploited the Congo, systematically torturing and killing its people.
D) British-led forces slaughtered 20,000 Sudanese at the Battle of Omdurman.
E) An uprising in southwest Africa against German rule led to the killing of approximately 60,000 Herero people.

Question 66

By 1914, the Ottoman Empire

A) had lost almost all of its European possessions.
B) had undergone major changes after a coup by the Western-educated Young Turks.
C) had acquired an elected parliament, in 1908.
D) was undermined by secessionist movements within its borders.
E) All of these

Question 67

With the retirement of Bismarck, the German Empire

A) slowly abandoned its Weltpolitik .
B) was led by Wilhelm II, who apparently believed himself to be infallible.
C) managed to neutralize the popularity of the socialists.
D) experienced a lessening of labor unrest.
E) was held up as a nation to copy.

Question 68

The main motive for the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife was

A) a desire to start World War I.
B) the unpopularity of the archduchess.
C) Serb nationalism.
D) French intrigue against Austria.
E) Hungary's drive for control of the empire.

Question 69

As a sign of the times, the movement for women's suffrage in Britain included all of the following except

A) disruptions of parliamentary debates, threats on the prime minister, and attacks on his residence.
B) hunger strikes and retaliatory forced feedings.
C) support from the Crown.
D) the self-induced trampling of a suffragist at a horse race.
E) actions of violence against the movement from men inside and outside the government.

Question 70

Regarding the Dreyfus affair, which of the following is not true?

A) Dreyfus was the only Jewish officer on the French general staff.
B) Another officer was actually proven to have been the spy in this case.
C) The army was not allowed to open the case by the royalist and the Catholic Church.
D) In a second trial, Dreyfus was found not guilty.
E) From the start, the affair was a result of anti-Semitism.

Question 71

The main problem for the Austro-Hungarian Empire was

A) lack of universal male suffrage.
B) an insufficient number of political parties.
C) the nationalism of its many nationalities.
D) an ailing economy.
E) an Austrian controlled parliament.

Question 72

The controversy over Ireland included all of the following in the decades before World War I except

A) the implementation of home rule.
B) a call by the Conservative Party for Irish Protestants to use extralegal means to oppose concessions to the Catholics.
C) a worsening conundrum in Ulster.
D) a fateful interruption due to World War I.
E) the behavior of the conservatives and the army indicated a breakdown of order and authority.

Question 73

Which of the following is not characteristic of the new artistic styles at the turn of the twentieth century?

A) The tendency of artists to be introspective and self-absorbed
B) A revival of romanticism
C) Instant popularity and marketability
D) Expressionalism, futurism, and symbolism
E) Did not have a clear message

Question 74

Freud thought that the source of psychological problems was

A) biological disorders.
B) inner conflict and irrational forces.
C) diabolical possession.
D) too little positive thinking.
E) related to heredity.

Question 75

Which of the following is not true?

A) Anti-Semitism persisted in the late 1800s even though emancipation of the Jews had begun during the French Revolution.
B) As political systems became increasingly democratic, politicians discovered that anti-Semitism could win elections.
C) Zionism was, at least in part, a response to anti-Semitism.
D) Anti-Semitism was limited to Russia and eastern Europe.
E) Pseudo-scientific concepts helped fuel anti-Semitism.

Question 76

Which of the following is associated with anarchists?

A) People are happiest when they live in a society without a government.
B) Assassinations of key officials are justified.
C) The toiling masses should be educated.
D) Forming secret terrorist groups
E) All of these

Question 77

Although considered to be a strong point, why was Germany's alliance system a problem?

A) Bismarck's Reinsurance Treaty was renewed by Wilhelm II.
B) Although an ally, Russia turned to Austria for an alliance.
C) The pact with Austria broke down, as Hungary won its independence.
D) It pushed England and France into an alliance.
E) Germany's Triple Alliance involved nations that wanted German colonies in Africa.

Question 78

The Bolsheviks

A) dominated the Russian Social Democratic Party.
B) were Marxists who believed that the socialist revolution could be accelerated.
C) were also known as the People's Will.
D) were Marxists who embraced "evolutionary socialism."
E) wished to create a constitutional monarchy.

Question 79

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War I?

A) The division of the Great Powers into two armed camps: the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
B) A heated arms race
C) The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
D) Weltpolitik
E) All of these

Question 80

In what may be called an "age of uncertainty"

A) organized religion declined.
B) the popularity of Eastern religions rose.
C) various forms of mysticism, such as séances, spread.
D) confidence in science was undermined.
E) All of these