Deck 5: Encouraging, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing: Active Listening and Cognition

Question 1

Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers (E), restatements (R), paraphrases (P), or summarizations (S)? Client:  I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do.
Counselor responses follow. Classify the response.
Sounds as if you're having trouble with the kids, yet you note they are doing well and wonder if doing more things is the answer.

A) E
B) R
C) P
D) S

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Summarizing is primarily used to

A) begin or end an interview.
B) organize clearly in your mind the auditory, visual, and kinesthetic primary representational system.
C) define your agenda for the counseling session.
D) all of these.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All but one of the following is an encourager:

A) head nods
B) open palm
C) single-word repetitions
D) well-phrased open questions

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers (E), restatements (R), paraphrases (P), or summarizations (S)? Client:  I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do.
Counselor responses follow. Classify the response.
More?

A) E
B) R
C) P
D) S

Question 5

If you use an encourager correctly, you may anticipate the client to

A) paraphrase what you have said back to you accurately.
B) stop talking about that topic and move on to something more important.
C) indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing.
D) explore a topic in more depth, often leading to exploration of deeper meanings of the concept that has been encouraged.

Question 6

The four dimensions of a paraphrase include:

A) a sentence stem using the client's mode of receiving information, key adjective descriptors, a check-out, and notation of client feelings.
B) the essence of what a client has said in summarized form, key descriptors or concepts in the client's own words, a check-out, and a sentence stem using the client's mode of receiving information.
C) the essence of what a client has said in carefully worded terms, key descriptors or concepts in the client's own words, the client's name, and the words you have been encouraging through careful client observation skills.
D) raised vocal tone on your part, accurate listening to the client, careful checking-out of all that has been said, and notation of client feelings.

Question 7

Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers (E), restatements (R), paraphrases (P), or summarizations (S)? Client:  I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do.
Counselor responses follow. Classify the response.
Both are having trouble in school, yet they are doing OK academically.

A) E
B) R
C) P
D) S

Question 8

Client observation skills are important in paraphrasing because

A) nonverbal patterns of behavior may change the meaning of the client's words.
B) examples of movement synchrony may show when you hear the client accurately.
C) repeating patterns of client language may be observed.
D) all of these

Question 9

Bilingual clients, according to the authors, are

A) advantaged .
B) disadvantaged .
C) neither advantaged nor disadvantaged.
D) in need of special help.

Question 10

What are the main characteristics and values of an encourager, paraphrase, and summarization?

Question 11

Counseling children requires

A) more extensive use of questions than with adults.
B) using more concrete language.
C) avoiding the rapaciousness of paraphrasing.
D) summarizing constantly what the child is saying.

Question 12

A check-out at the end of a paraphrase may take all but one of the following forms:

A) a head nod indicating agreement
B) a closed question ("Am I hearing you correctly?")
C) a raised vocal tone at the end of the paraphrase that almost turns the paraphrase into a question
D) an open palm

Question 13

A general recommendation for working cross-culturally is to:

A) ask for a history of oppression early in the interview.
B) avoid discussing issues of racism unless the client is from a race/similar to yours.
C) avoid discussing racial/cultural differences unless the client asks for it.
D) discuss racial/cultural differences early in the interview.

Question 14

Active listening is:

A) a passive process by which clients communicate their intentions to comply with counseling.
B) is a term used to indicate client is paying attention.
C) a communication process that requires intentional participation, decision making, and responding.
D) a passive attitude counselors display to demonstrate to clients that they are listening.

Question 15

Which of the following might be useful for the interviewer who wishes to work with bilingual clients, even someone not particularly skilled in the language of the client?

A) Learning a few key words in the client's language.
B) Suggesting that the client talk about especially important issues in his/her own language and then translating them for the interviewer.
C) Becoming competent and knowledgeable in key aspects of a culture.
D) All of these.

Question 16

If anything, informed consent when working with children is

A) not an issue when you work in a well-organized school system.
B) perhaps even more important than with adults.
C) a concern to parents.
D) all of these.

Question 17

Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers (E), restatements (R), paraphrases (P), or summarizations (S)? Client:  I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do.
Counselor responses follow. Classify the response.
A tough time with your sons?

A) E
B) R
C) P
D) S

Question 18

Which paraphrase might be more helpful to this client? Counselor:  I am not sure how the problem should be seen. I get a picture of the kids fighting all the time at home. Looks like they simply can't get along, yet they are very bright.

A) It appears that the scene at home is constant fighting despite their ability.
B) Sounds as if the noise at home is something, and it is constant despite their "smarts."
C) Does it seem like a bright picture or not?
D) You feel confused and unsure of what to do.

Question 19

The most important function of summarizations is that

A) they feed back the essence of many things that might have been missed otherwise.
B) they break the routine of paraphrasing, questioning, and encouraging.
C) they bring together the things a client has been saying in an organized fashion.
D) they provide an opportunity for the interviewer to summarize his or her own ideas.

Question 20

Which of the following is really a correct assertion about encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

A) demonstrate empathy
B) are cognitive center
C) are used to draw out client emotions
D) facilitate more effective brain executive functioning

Question 21

What can you expect when you use encouragers, paraphrases, and summarizations?

Question 22

Provide examples of encouragers, restatements, and paraphrases in response to the following client.
Client:  This past year I have been feeling more and more down. I am getting to the point that nothing seems to make sense. Nothing is going right. My car broke down, my boss is after me. I had an argument with my son because he wouldn't help me with the lawn. No matter what I do, it simply doesn't work.

Question 23

Discuss the importance of informed consent in working with children and adolescents.

Question 24

The school or community agency within which you work has a large Puerto Rican community, many of whom still speak Spanish in the home. Assuming your main language is not Spanish, what are some things that you can do to work more effectively with this group? If you come from a Puerto Rican or Spanish background, what advice would you give English-speaking interviewers?

Question 25

Define from your own perspective the importance of the active listening skills of this chapter. How would you contrast them with questioning techniques?